Creating the governable population: authoritarian cultural citizenship and the ethnic minorities in a Sino-Tibetan intercultural area in contemporary China

References

• Barrington, L. 2021. “Citizenship as a Cornerstone of Civic National Identity in Ukraine.” Post-Soviet Affairs 37 (2): 155–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2020.1851541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaman, J. M. 2014. “Boundaries of Frenchness: Cultural Citizenship and France’s Middle-Class North African Second-Generation.” Identities 22 (1): 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2014.931235.
   Google Scholar
• Beaman, J. M. 2015. “Citizenship as Cultural: Towards a Theory of Cultural Citizenship.” Sociology Compass 10 (10): 849–857. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloemraad, I., A. Korteweg, and G. Yurdakul. 2008. “Citizenship and Immigration: Multiculturalism, Assimilation, and Challenges to the Nation- State.” Annual Review of Sociology 34: 153–179. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J., and Y. Xu. 2017. “Why Do Authoritarian Regimes Allow Citizens to Voice Opinions Publicly.” The Journal of Politics 79 (3): 792–803. https://doi.org/10.1086/690303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coggins, C., and E. T. Yeh. 2014. “Introduction: Producing Shangrilas.” In Mapping Shangrila: Contested Landscapes in the Sino-Tibetan Borderlands, edited by C. Coggins and E. T. Yeh, 3–18. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
   Google Scholar
• Das, V., and D. Poole. 2004. Anthropology in the Margins of the State. Santa Fe: The School of Advanced Research Press.
   Google Scholar
• Delanty, G. 2002. “Two Conceptions of Cultural Citizenship: A Review of Recent Literature on Culture and Citizenship.” Global Review of Ethnopolitics 1 (3): 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/14718800208405106.
   Google Scholar
• Delanty, G. 2003. “Citizenship as a learning process: disciplinary citizenship versus cultural citizenship.” International Journal of Lifelong Education 22 (6): 597–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/0260137032000138158.
   Google Scholar
• Distelhorst, G., and D. Fu. 2019. “Performing Authoritarian Citizenship: Public Transcripts in China.” Perspectives on Politics 17 (1): 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592718004024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drakulich, K., K. H. Wozniak, J. Hagan, and D. Johnson. 2020. “Race and Policing in the 2016 Presidential Election: Black Lives Matter, the Police, and Dog Whistle Politics.” Criminology 58 (2): 370–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duara, P. 1988. Culture, Power, and the State: Rural North China, 1900-1942. Redwood, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenlohr, P. 2007. “Creole Publics: Language, Cultural Citizenship, and the Spread of the Nation in Mauritius.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 49 (4): 968–996. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417507000825.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores, W. V., and R. Benmayor. 1997. Latino Cultural Citizenship: Claiming Identity, Space, and Rights. Boston: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher, M. E., and J. K. Hanson. 2015. “Power Tool or Dull Blade? Selectorate Theory for Autocracies.” Annual Review of Political Science 18: 367–385. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-071213-041224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, M. 2007. From Comrade to Citizen: The Struggle for Political Rights in China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harff, B. 2018. Ethnic Conflicts in World Politics. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Heberer, T. 2009. “Evolvement of Citizenship in Urban China or Authoritarian Communitarianism? Neighborhood Development, Community Participation, and Autonomy.” Journal of Contemporary China 18 (61): 491–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670560903033786.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakimów, M. 2022. “Activist Citizenship in Non-Western and Non-Democratic Contexts: How to Define ‘Acts of citizenship’.” Citizenship Studies 26 (4–5): 505–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2022.2091232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koesel, K. 2020. “Legitimacy, Resilience and Political Education in Russia and China: Learning to Be Loyal.” In Citizens and the State in Authoritarian Regimes: Comparing China and Russia, edited by K. Koesel, V. Bunce, and J. Weiss, 250–278. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Koesel, K., V. Bunce, and J. Weiss, Eds. 2020. Citizens and the State in Authoritarian Regimes: Comparing China and Russia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leibold, J. 2020. “Surveillance in China’s Xinjiang Region: Ethnic Sorting, Coercion, and Inducement.” Journal of Contemporary China 29 (121): 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2019.1621529.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, M. 1987. “Ruling Class Strategies and Citizenship.” Sociology 21 (3): 339–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038587021003003.
   Google Scholar
• Mattingly, D. C. 2020. The Art of Political Control in China. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. 2017. “Working Together to Fight Poverty and Achieve Common Prosperity”. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/201706/t20170621_678620.html.
   Google Scholar
• Nordholt, H. S. 2011. “Modernity and Cultural Citizenship in the Netherlands Indies: An Illustrated Hypothesis.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 42 (3): 435–457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong, A. 1996. “Cultural Citizenship as Subject-Making.” Current Anthropology 37 (5): 737–762. doi:10.1086/204560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen, C. 2020. “Participatory Authoritarianism: From Bureaucratic Transformation to Civic Participation in Russia and China.” Review of International Studies 46 (4): 415–434. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210520000248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakulski, J. 1997. “Cultural Citizenship.” Citizenship Studies 1 (1): 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621029708420648.
   Google Scholar
• Pawley, L. 2008. “Cultural Citizenship.” Sociology Compass 2 (2): 594–608. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2008.00094.x.
   Google Scholar
• People’s Government of Deqin County. 2023a. The Deqin Report on the Budget Implementation of Fiscal Year 2022 and the Budget Draft of Fiscal Year 2023. http://deqin.diqing.gov.cn/zfxxgk_deqin_czj/fdzdgknr/caizhengxinxigongkaizhuanlan/zhengfuyujuesuan/202301/20230113_182814.html.
   Google Scholar
• People’s Government of Deqin County. 2023b. “Population and Ethnicities”. http://deqin.diqing.gov.cn/mldq/rkhmz.html.
   Google Scholar
• Pietsch, J., and M. Clark. 2014. “Citizenship Rights in Malaysia: The Experience of Social and Institutional Discrimination Among Ethnic Minorities.” Citizenship Studies 18 (3–4): 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2014.905270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pketty, T., L. Yang, and G. Zucman. 2019. “Capital Accumulation, Private Property, and Rising Inequality in China, 1978-2015.” The American Economic Review 109 (7): 2469–2496. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20170973.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, X., and B. He. 2021. “The Politics of Authoritarian Empowerment: Participatory Pricing in China.” International Political Science Review 43 (5): 613–628. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512120985511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reijerse, A., K. V. Acker, N. Vanbeselaere, K. Phalet, and B. Duriez. 2010. “Beyond the Ethnic-Civic Dichotomy: Cultural Citizenship as a New Way of Excluding Immigrants.” Political Psychology 34 (4): 611–630. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00920.x.
   Google Scholar
• Rosaldo, R. 1989. Culture and Truth: The Remaking of Social Analysis. Boston: Bean.
   Google Scholar
• Scoggins, S. E. 2021. “Rethinking Authoritarian Resilience and the Coercive Apparatus.” Comparative Politics 53 (2): 309–330. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041521X15895755803929.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shneiderman, S. 2010. “Are the Central Himalayas in Zomia? Some Scholarly and Political Considerations Across Time and Space.” Journal of Global History 5: 289–312. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022810000094.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shue, V., and P. M. Thornton. 2017. To Govern China: Evolving Practices of Power. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Siu, L. C. D. 2001. “Diasporic Cultural Citizenship: Chineseness and Belonging in Central America.” Social Text 19 (4): 7–28. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-19-4_69-7.
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson, N. 1997. “Globalization, National Cultures and Cultural Citizenship.” The Sociological Quarterly 38 (1): 41–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1997.tb02339.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson, N. 2001. “Culture and Citizenship: An Introduction.” In Culture and Citizenship, edited by N. Stevenson, 16–35. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson, N. 2003. Cultural Citizenship. Cosmopolitan Questions. Berkshire: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson, N. 2010. “Cultural Citizenship, Education and Democracy: Redefining the Good Society.” Citizenship Studies 14 (3): 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621021003731823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobin, D. 2019. “Minor Events and Grand Dreams: Ethnic Outsiders in China’s Postcolonial World Order.” Positions 27 (4): 739–771. https://doi.org/10.1215/10679847-7726968.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsakhirmaa, S. 2022. “Comparative Ethnic Territoriality-Based Autonomy in Xinjiang, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia of China 2010-2015: An Analytical Framework.” Journal of Contemporary China 31 (138): 949–975. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2022.2031001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vortherms, S. A. 2023. “Dividing the People: The Authoritarian Bargain, Development, and Authoritarian Citizenship.” Comparative Politics 56 (1): 95–119. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041523X16847804956763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, J. 2020. “The New Normal: A Neopolitical Turn in China’s Reform Era.” In Citizens and the State in Authoritarian Regimes: Comparing China and Russia, edited by K. K. Valerie, J. Bunce, and J. C. Weiss, 31–58. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, L. 2014. “Cultural Rights and Citizenship in Cultural Policy: Taiwan and China.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 20 (1): 21–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2012.729823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo, P., R. Easthope, and C. Kyung-Sup. 2020. “China’s Ethnic Minority and Neoliberal Developmental Citizenship: Yanbian Koreans in Perspective.” Citizenship Studies 24 (7): 918–933. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2020.1812957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, M. 2018. “Discourses on ‘Authenticity’: Language Ideology, Ethnic Boundaries, and Tibetan Identity on a Multi-Ethnic Campus.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 39 (10): 925–940. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2018.1458854.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yee, H. S. 2010. “Ethnic Relations in Xinjiang: A Survey of Uygur-Han Relations in Urumqi.” Journal of Contemporary China 12 (36): 431–452. doi:10.1080/10670560305475.
   Google Scholar
• Zarycki, T., R. Smoczyński, and T. Warczok. 2022. “Cultural Citizenship without State: Historical Roots of the Modern Polish Citizenship Model.” Theory & Society 51: 269–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-021-09465-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, C. 2018. “Governing Neoliberal Authoritarian Citizenship: Theorizing Hukou and the Changing Mobility Regime.” Citizenship Studies 22 (8): 855–881. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2018.1531824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., and A. Ong. 2008. Privatizing China: Socialism from Afar. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z., and S. Tsakhirmaa. 2022. “Ethnonationalism and the Changing Pattern of Ethnic Kazakhs’ Emigration from China to Kazakhstan.” China Information 36 (3): 318–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X221092686.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar