287
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular Articles

Whiteness, upper-class authenticity and legitimacy in the Gulf: ‘expatriation’ as a struggle in social ranking

ORCID Icon
Pages 3152-3169 | Received 21 May 2022, Accepted 14 Jan 2023, Published online: 01 Feb 2023

References

  • Abella, M. 1995. “Asian Migrant and Contract Workers in the Middle East.” In The Cambridge Survey of World Migration, edited by R. Cohen, 418–423. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ahmed, S. 2004. The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Alloul, J. 2020. “Leaving Europe, Aspiring Access: Racial Capital and Its Spatial Discontents Among the Euro-Maghrebi Minority.” Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 18 (3): 313–325. doi:10.1080/15562948.2020.1761504
  • Alloul, J. 2021. “‘Traveling Habitus’ and the New Anthropology of Class: Proposing a Transitive Tool for Analyzing Social Mobility in Global Migration.” Mobilities 16 (2): 178–193. doi:10.1080/17450101.2021.1885833
  • AlMutawa, R. 2019. “The Mall Isn’t Authentic! Dubai’s Creative Class And The Construction of Social Distinction.” Urban Anthropology 48 (1,2): 183–224.
  • AlShehabi, O. 2015. Histories of Migration to the Gulf. Transit States. Labour, Migration & Citizenship in the Gulf. London: Pluto Press.
  • Assaf, L. 2017. “Jeunesses arabes d’Abou Dhabi (Émirats arabes unis). Catégories statutaires, sociabilités urbaines et modes de subjectivation.” Thèse de doctorat en anthropologie, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense.
  • Badaró, M. 2010. “L’armée de terre argentine à l’épreuve du genre.” Cahiers du Genre 48 (1): 59–79. doi:10.3917/cdge.048.0059
  • Bidet, J. 2018. “Déplacements.” Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 225 (5): 67–82. doi:10.3917/arss.225.0067
  • Bonilla-Silva, E., C. Goar, and D. G. Embrick. 2006. “When Whites Flock Together: The Social Psychology of White Habitus.” Critical Sociology 32 (2–3): 229–253. doi:10.1163/156916306777835268
  • Bonnett, A. 1998. “Who was White? The Disappearance of non-European White Identities and the Formation of European Racial Whiteness.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 21 (6): 1029–1055. doi:10.1080/01419879808565651
  • Bourdieu, P. 1979. La Distinction. Critique Sociale du Jugement. Paris: Editions de Minuit.
  • Bourdieu, P. 2001. Masculine Domination. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Carof, S. 2015. “Le « surpoids », un stigmate acceptable ? Représentations, discriminations et réappropriations des rondeurs féminines en France, en Allemagne et en Angleterre.” Thèse de doctorat en sociologie, Ecoles des hautes études en sciences sociales.
  • Carter, P. L. 2003. “Black Cultural Capital, Status Positioning, and Schooling Conflicts for Low-Income African American Youth Social and Cultural Capital.” Social Problems 50 (1): 136–156. doi:10.1525/sp.2003.50.1.136
  • Charrieras, D. 2013. “Racisme (s) ? Retour sur la polémique du « racisme anti-Blancs » en France. De quelle couleur sont les blancs ?” La Découverte, 244–252.
  • Coles, A., and K. Walsh. 2010. “From ‘Trucial State’ to ‘Postcolonial’ City? The Imaginative Geographies of British Expatriates in Dubai.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (8): 1317–1333. doi:10.1080/13691831003687733
  • Cooper, C. 2010. “Fat Studies: Mapping the Field.” Sociology Compass 4 (12): 1020–1034. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00336.x
  • Croucher, S. 2012. “Privileged Mobility in an Age of Globality.” Societies 2 (1): 1–13. doi:10.3390/soc2010001
  • Darmon, M. 2008. Devenir anorexique. Une approche sociologique. Paris: La Découverte.
  • Fabian, J. 1983. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Faist, T. 2013. “The Mobility Turn: A new Paradigm for the Social Sciences?” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36 (11): 1637–1646. doi:10.1080/01419870.2013.812229
  • Fechter, A.-M. 2005. “The ‘Other’ Stares Back: Experiencing Whiteness in Jakarta.” Ethnography 6 (1): 87–103. doi:10.1177/1466138105055662
  • Fechter, A.-M., and K. Walsh. 2010. “Examining ‘Expatriate’ Continuities: Postcolonial Approaches to Mobile Professionals.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (8): 1197–1210. doi:10.1080/13691831003687667
  • Gieryn, T. F. 1999. Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Guillaumin, C. 1972. L’Idéologie raciste: genèse et langage actuel. Paris: Mouton (Publications de l’Institut d’études et de recherches interethniques et interculturelles ; 2).
  • Haritaworn, J. 2012. The Biopolitics of Mixing: Thai Multiracialities and Haunted Ascendancies. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Herb, M. 2009. “A Nation of Bureaucrats: Political Participation and Economic Diversifiction in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 41 (3): 375–395. doi:10.1017/S0020743809091119
  • Hertog, S. 2014. Arab Gulf States: An Assessment of Nationalisation Policies.
  • Kefalas, M. 2003. Working-Class Heroes: Protecting Home, Community, and Nation in a Chicago Neighborhood. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Khalaf, S. 2005. “National Dress and the Construction of Emirati Cultural Identity.” Journal of Human Sciences 11: 230–267.
  • Knowles, C. 2005. “Making Whiteness: British Lifestyle Migrants in Hong Kong.” In Making Race Matter: Bodies, Space and Identity, edited by C. Alexander and C. Knowles, 90–110. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Koch, N. 2012. “Urban ‘Utopias’: The Disney Stigma and Discourses of ‘False Modernity’.” Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 44 (10): 2445–2462. doi:10.1068/a44647
  • Kunz, S. 2016. “Privileged Mobilities: Locating the Expatriate in Migration Scholarship.” Geography Compass 10 (3): 89–101. doi:10.1111/gec3.12253
  • Lamont, M. 1992. Money, Morals, and Manners: The Culture of the French and American Upper-Middle Class. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
  • Lamont, M. 2000. The Dignity of Working Men: Morality and the Boundaries of Race, Class, and Immigration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Lamont, M., and V. Molnár. 2002. “The Study of Boundaries in the Social Sciences.” Annual Review of Sociology 28: 167–195. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141107
  • Leonard, P. 2008. “Migrating Identities: Gender, Whiteness and Britishness in Post-Colonial Hong Kong.” Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 15 (1): 45–60. doi:10.1080/09663690701817519
  • Leonard, P. 2010a. Expatriate Identities in Postcolonial Organizations: Working Whiteness. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Leonard, P. 2010b. “Organizing Whiteness: Gender, Nationality and Subjectivity in Postcolonial Hong Kong.” Gender, Work & Organization 17 (3): 340–358. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00407.x
  • Leonard, P. 2010c. “Work, Identity and Change? Post/Colonial Encounters in Hong Kong.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (8): 1247–1263. doi:10.1080/13691831003687691
  • Le Renard, A. 2014. “On n’est pas formatés comme ça en Occident »: Masculinités en compétition, normes de genre et hiérarchies entre nationalités dans une multinationale du Golfe.” Sociétés contemporaines 94 (2): 41–67. doi:10.3917/soco.094.0041.
  • Le Renard, A. 2016. “Ici, il y a les Français français et les Français avec origines » : reconfigurations raciales autour d’expériences de Dubaï.” Tracés 30 (1): 55–78. doi:10.4000/traces.6414
  • Le Renard, A. 2019. Le privilège occidental. Travail, intimité et hiérarchies postcoloniales à Dubaï. Paris: Les Presses de Sciences Po.
  • Longva, A. N. 1999. “Keeping Migrant Workers in Check: The Kafala System in the Gulf.” Middle East Report 211: 20–22. doi:10.2307/3013330
  • Lundström, C. 2014. White Migrations. Gender, Whiteness and Privilege in Transnational Migration. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Malecki, E. J., and M. C. Ewers. 2007. “Labor Migration to World Cities: with a Research Agenda for the Arab Gulf.” Progress in Human Geography 31 (4): 467–484. doi:10.1177/0309132507079501
  • Qong, Q. 2010. Wages in the United Arab Emirates. Zayed University Working Papers, (ZU-WP 2010-002).
  • Quashie, H. 2016. “Les migrants européens du littoral sénégalais (Petite Côte, Saloum) : ouverture de l’économie touristique et entre-soi identitaire.” Autrepart 77: 125–141. doi:10.3917/autr.077.0125.
  • Régnier, F., and A. Masullo. 2009. “Obésité, goûts et consommation.” Revue française de sociologie 50 (4): 747–773. doi:10.3917/rfs.504.0747
  • Robinson, W. I., and J. Harris. 2000. “Toward a Global Ruling Class? Globalization and the Transnational Capitalist Class.” Science & Society 64 (1): 11–54.
  • Said, E. W. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon.
  • Sanders, R. 2019. “The Color of Fat: Racializing Obesity, Recuperating Whiteness, and Reproducing Injustice.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 7 (2): 287–304. doi:10.1080/21565503.2017.1354039
  • Sassen, S. 1991. The Global City . New York: Princeton University Press.
  • Sherman, R. 2017. Uneasy Street. The Anxieties of Affluence. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Sherman, R. 2018. “A Very Expensive Ordinary Life: Consumption, Symbolic Boundaries and Moral Legitimacy Among New York Elites.” Socio-Economic Review 16 (2): 411–433. doi:10.1093/ser/mwy011
  • Skeldon, R. 1992. “Internation Migration Within and From the East and South-East Asian Region: A Review Essay.” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 15 (2): 277–293. doi:10.1177/011719680601500206
  • Sklair, L. 1996. “Conceptualising and Researching the Transnational Capitalist Class in Australia.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 32 (2): 1–19. doi:10.1177/144078339603200201
  • Smith, B. 2015. Market Orientalism. Cultural Economy and the Arab Gulf States. New York: Syracuse University.
  • Smith, B. 2016. “‘The Sheikh of Araby Rides a Cadillac’: Popular Geoeconomic Imaginations, Positional Anxiety and Nouveau Riche Territories.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 34 (3): 564–580. doi:10.1177/0263775815623540
  • Stock, I., and J. J. Fröhlich. 2021. “Migrants’ Social Positioning Strategies in Transnational Social Spaces.” Social Inclusion 9 (1): 91–103. doi:10.17645/si.v9i1.3584
  • Strings, S. A. 2012. “Thin, White, and Saved: Fat Stigma and the Fear of the Big Black Body.” Thèse de doctorat, UC San Diego.
  • Thiollet, H. 2016. “Gérer les migrations, gérer les migrants: une perspective historique et transnationale sur les migrations dans les monarchies du Golfe.” Arabian Humanities 7. doi:10.4000/cy.3150.
  • Vora, N. 2013. Impossible Citizens. Dubai’s Indian Diaspora. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Wacquant, L. J. D., and P. Bourdieu. 1998. “Sur les ruses de la raison impérialiste.” Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 121 (1): 109–118. doi:10.3406/arss.1998.3250
  • Wagner, A.-C. 1998. Les nouvelles élites de la mondialisation. Une immigration dorée en France. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
  • Wallace, D. 2017. “Reading ‘Race’ in Bourdieu? Examining Black Cultural Capital Among Black Caribbean Youth in South London.” Sociology 51 (5): 907–923. doi:10.1177/0038038516643478
  • Walsh, K. 2014. “Placing Transnational Migrants Through Comparative Research: British Migrant Belonging in Five GCC Cities: Placing Transnational Migrants Through Comparative Research.” Population, Space and Place 20 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1002/psp.1798

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.