1,142
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The European Defence Fund precursor programmes and the state of the European market for defence

ORCID Icon &
Pages 589-607 | Received 08 Dec 2022, Accepted 26 Oct 2023, Published online: 03 Dec 2023

References

  • Berger, Allen N, Rebecca S Demsetz, and Philip E Strahan. 1999. “The Consolidation of the Financial Services Industry: Causes, Consequences, and Implications for the Future.” Journal of Banking & Finance 23 (2): 135–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(98)00125-3.
  • Besch, Sophia. 2019. The European Commission in EU Defense Industrial Policy. Carnegie Europe. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/9-23-19_Besch_EU_Defense.pdf.
  • Biscop, Sven. 2018. “European Defence: Give PESCO a Chance.” Survival 60 (3): 161–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2018.1470771.
  • Briani, Valerio, Alessandro Marrone, Christian Molling, and Tomas Valasek. 2013. The Development of a European Defence Technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB). Brussels: European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2013/433838/EXPOSEDE_ET2013433838_EN.pdf.
  • Britz, Malena. 2010. “The Role of Marketization in the Europeanization of Defense Industry Policy.” Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 30 (3): 176–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467610367492.
  • Buller, Jim, and Andrew Gamble. 2002. “Conceptualising Europeanisation.” Public Policy and Administration 17 (2): 4–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/095207670201700202.
  • Burghouwta, Guillaume, and Jaap G. de Wit. 2015. “In the Wake of Liberalisation: Long-Term Developments in the EU Air Transport Market.” Transport Policy 43:104–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.05.006.
  • Calcara, Antonio. 2017. “State–Defence Industry Relations in the European Context: French and UK Interactions with the European Defence Agency.” European Security 26 (4): 527–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2017.1384379.
  • Calcara, Antonio. 2020a. European Defence Decision-Making : Dilemmas of Collaborative Arms Procurement. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Calcara, Antonio. 2020b. European Defence Decision-Making : Dilemmas of Collaborative Arms Procurement. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Chappell, Laura, Theofanis Exadaktylos, and Petar Petrov. 2020. “A More Capable EU? Assessing the Role of the Eu’s Institutions in Defence Capability Development.” Journal of European Integration 42 (4): 583–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2019.1666115.
  • Chazan, Guy. 2022. “How War in Ukraine Convinced Germany to Rebuild Its Army.” The Financial Times, May 23, 2022.
  • Cummins, J. David, and Maria Rubio-Misas. 2006. “Deregulation, Consolidation, and Efficiency: Evidence from the Spanish Insurance Industry.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 38 (2): 323–355. https://doi.org/10.1353/mcb.2006.0029.
  • Díaz, Ruiz, and J. Lucas. 2021. “Designing the Renewed European Defence Policy Through Permanent Structured Cooperation. Why?” Defence Studies 21 (2): 162–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/14702436.2021.1879649.
  • Duke, Simon W. 2019. “The Competing Logics of EU Security and Defence.” Survival 61 (2): 123–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2019.1589092.
  • EDA. 2007a. “EU Ministers Adopt Framework for Joint European Strategy in Defence R&T.” European Defence Agency. November 19, 2007. https://eda.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/07-11-19/EU_Ministers_Adopt_Framework_for_Joint_European_Strategy_in_Defence_R_T.
  • EDA. 2007b. A Strategy for the European Defence Technological and Industrial Base. European Defence Agency. https://eda.europa.eu/docs/documents/eda-strategy-for-the-european-defence-technological-and-industrial-base.pdf.
  • EDA. 2017. Preparatory Action on Defence Research (PADR). European Defence Agency. https://eda.europa.eu/docs/default-source/eda-factsheets/2017-06-07-factsheet_pa.
  • EDA. 2019. Defence Data 2017-2018. Key Findings and Analysis. European Defence Agency. https://eda.europa.eu/docs/default-source/brochures/eda-defence-data-2017-2018.pdf.
  • EDA. 2020. “2020 Card Report.” European Defence Agency. https://eda.europa.eu/docs/default-source/reports/card-2020-executive-summary-report.pdf/.
  • EDA. 2022a. “2022 Coordinated Annual Review on Defence Report (CARD).” European Defence Agency. https://eda.europa.eu/docs/default-source/eda-publications/2022-card-report.pdf.
  • EDA. 2022b. “Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions and the European Investment Bank – on the Defence Investment Gaps Analysis and Way Forward.” In JOIN, Vol. 24. Brussels: European Commission. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022JC0024.
  • European Commission. 2017. Communication from the Commission Launching the European Defence Fund’. Brussels: European Union. 295.
  • European Commission. 2022. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Establishing the European Defence Industry Reinforcement Through Common Procurement Act. Vol. 349. Brussels: European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52022PC0349.
  • European Union. 2004. Council Joint Action 2004/551/CFSP of 12 July 2004 on the Establishment of the European Defence Agency. Brussels: The Council of the European Union.
  • European Union. 2021. European Defence Industrial Development Programme (EDIDP). https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eu-defence-industry/european-defence-industrial-development-programme-edidp_en.
  • Fiott, Daniel. 2018. Strategic Autonomy : Towards ‘European Sovereignty’ in Defence?. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies.
  • Fiott, Daniel. 2019. Defence Industrial Cooperation in the European Union. The State, the Firm and Europe. London ; New York: Routledge.
  • Fiott, Daniel, and Renaud Bellais. 2016. “A ‘Game Changer’? The Eu’s Preparatory Action on Defence Research.” Policy Paper. Paris: ARES Group. https://www.iris-france.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/ARES-Group-Policy-Paper-Fiott-and-Bellais-04-16-OK.pdf.
  • Gahler, Michael. 2016. “The Added Value of Eu Defence Research.” European View 15 (1): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12290-016-0394-6.
  • Guay, Terrence, and Robert Callum. 2002. “The Transformation and Future Prospects of Europe’s Defence Industry.” International Affairs 78 (4): 757–776. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.00278.
  • Hakansson, Calle. 2021. “The European Commission’s New Role in EU Security and Defence Cooperation: The Case of the European Defence Fund.” European Security 30 (4): 589–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2021.1906229.
  • Haroche, Pierre. 2020. “Supranationalism Strikes Back: A Neofunctionalist Account of the European Defence Fund.” Journal of European Public Policy 27 (6): 853–872. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1609570.
  • Hensel, Nayantara. 2010. “Can Industry Consolidation Lead to Greater Efficiencies? Evidence from the U.S. Defense Industry.” Business Economics 45 (3): 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1057/be.2010.15.
  • Ianakiev, Gueorgui. 2019. “The European Defence Fund. A Game Changer for European Defence Industrial Collaboration.” Policy Paper. Paris: ARES Group.
  • Jacobs, An D. 2013. “Explaining Institutional Europeanisation in Security and Defence: The German Administration under Schröder and Merkel.” European Security 21 (3): 414–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2012.671176.
  • James, Andrew D. 2018. “Policy Entrepreneurship and Agenda Setting: Comparing and Contrasting the Origins of the European Research Programmes for Security and Defense.” In The Emergence of EU Defense Research Policy: From Innovation to Militarization, edited by N. Karampekios, I. Oikonomou, and E. Carayannis, 15–43. Cham: Springer.
  • Karampekios, Nikolaos, and Iraklis Oikonomou. 2018. The Emergence of EU Defense Research Policy: From Innovation to Militarization, edited by Elias G. Carayannis. Cham: Springer.
  • Kevin, Featherstone, and Claudio M. Radaelli, edited by 2003. The Politics of Europeanization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • King, David R., and John D. Driessnack. 2007. “Analysis of Competition in the Defense Industrial Base: An F-22 Case Study.” Contemporary Economic Policy 25 (1): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2006.00019.x.
  • Koltay, Gabor, and Szabolcs Lorincz. 2021. “Competition.” In Policy Brief 02. Brussels: European Commission. https://competition-policy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12/Competition%20Policy%20Brief%202-2021_Industry%20concentration%20and%20competition%20policy.pdf.
  • Koppa, Marilena. 2022. “The Iraq War: Addressing European Fragmentation.” In The Evolution of the Common Security and Defence Policy: Critical Junctures and the Quest for EU Strategic Autonomy, edited by Koppa, Marilena, 83–103. St Antony’s Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99158-6_7.
  • Lavallée, Chantal. 2011. “The European Commission’s Position in the Field of Security and Defence: An Unconventional Actor at a Meeting Point.” Perspectives on European Politics & Society 12 (4): 371–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/15705854.2011.622955.
  • Lavallée, Chantal. 2012. “Le marché européen de défense : un nouvel espace de luttes.” Études internationales 43 (4): 573–590. https://doi.org/10.7202/1013345ar.
  • Mackenzie, Christina. 2022. “Seven European Nations Have Increased Defense Budgets in One Month. Who Will Be Next?” Breaking Defense. https://breakingdefense.com/2022/03/seven-european-nations-have-increased-defense-budgets-in-one-month-who-will-be-next/.
  • Markowski, Stefan, and Robert Wylie. 2007. “The Emergence of European Defence and Defence Industry Policies.” Security Challenges 3 (2): 31–51.
  • Martins, Bruno Oliveira, and Jocelyn Mawdsley. 2021. “Sociotechnical Imaginaries of EU Defence: The Past and the Future in the European Defence Fund.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 59 (6): 1458–1474. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13197.
  • Meijer, Hugo L.E. 2010. “Post-Cold War Trends in the European Defence Industry: Implications for Transatlantic Industrial Relations.” Journal of Contemporary European Studies 18 (1): 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782801003638745.
  • Meijer, Hugo L.E., and Marco Wyss, edited by 2018. The Handbook of European Defence Policies and Armed Forces. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Menon, Anand. 2011. “Power, Institutions and the CSDP: The Promise of Institutional Theory.” Journal of Common Market Studies 49 (1): 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02130.x.
  • Merand, Frederic. 2008. European Defence Policy: Beyond the Nation State. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Muller, Patrick. 2013. “The Europeanization of France’s Foreign Policy Towards the Middle East Conflict – from Leadership to EU-Accommodation.” European Security 22 (1): 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2012.698266.
  • Peter, Dombrowski, and Andrew L. Ross. 2008. “The Revolution in Military Affairs, Transformation and the Defence Industry.” Security Challenges 4 (4): 13–38.
  • Radaelli, Claudio M. 2002. “Policy Transfer in the European Union: Institutional Isomorphism as a Source of Legitimacy.” Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions 13 (1): 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.00122.
  • Rieker, Pernille. 2006. “From Common Defence to Comprehensive Security: Towards the Europeanization of French Foreign and Security Policy?” Security Dialogue 37 (4): 509–528. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010606072507.
  • Sabatino, Ester. 2022. “The European Defence Fund: A Step Towards a Single Market for Defence?” Journal of European Integration 44 (1): 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2021.2011264.
  • Saeed, Maryam K., Ho Vivian, and Kevin F. Erickson. 2020. “Consolidation in Dialysis Markets-Causes, Consequences, and the Role of Policy.” Seminars in Dialysis 33 (1): 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/sdi.12855.
  • Sweeney, Simon, and Neil Winn. 2020. “EU Security and Defence Cooperation in Times of Dissent: Analysing PESCO, the European Defence Fund and the European Intervention Initiative (EI2) in the Shadow of Brexit.” Defence Studies 20 (3): 224–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/14702436.2020.1778472.