References
- 1st Special Forces Command. 2021. A Vision for 2021 and Beyond. https://www.soc.mil/USASFC/Documents/1sfc-vision-2021-beyond.pdf.
- Atwell, Kyle. 2023. “Land Warfare in Europe, Part 2: Large-Scale Combat Operations in Ukraine.” Modern War Institute, March 20, 2023. https://mwi.usma.edu/land-warfare-in-europe-part-2-large-scale-combat-operations-in-ukraine/.
- Atwell, Kyle, and Paul Bailey. 2021. “Wanna Fight? Pushing Partners Aside in Afghanistan.” War on the Rocks, October 22, 2021. https://warontherocks.com/2021/10/we-wanted-to-fight-incentivizing-advising-over-fighting-in-afghanistan-and-beyond/.
- Atwell, Kyle, and Abigail Gage. 2021. “Back to the Future: Resetting Special Operations Forces for Great Power Competition.” Modern War Institute, July 2, 2021. https://mwi.usma.edu/back-to-the-future-resetting-special-operations-forces-for-great-power-competition/.
- Ball, Tim. 2021. “Talking the Talk: Language Capabilities for U.S. Army Special Forces.” War on the Rocks, May 26, 2021. https://warontherocks.com/2021/05/talking-the-talk-language-capabilities-for-u-s-army-special-forces/.
- Beauchamp, Zack. 2022. “Why the US Won’t Send Troops to Ukraine.” Vox, February 25, 2022. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/2/25/22949351/ukraine-russia-us-troops-no-fly-zone-nuclear-weapons.
- Berman, Eli. 2019. Proxy Wars: Suppressing Violence Through Local Agents. edited by David A. Lake. Cornell University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctvvndp0.
- Berman, Eli, Joseph H. Felter, and Jacob N. Shapiro. 2018. Small Wars, Big Data: The Information Revolution in Modern Conflict. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Biddle, Stephen, Jeffrey A. Friedman, and Jacob N. Shapiro. 2012. “Testing the Surge: Why Did Violence Decline in Iraq in 2007?” International Security 37 (1): 7–40. https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00087.
- Biddle, Stephen, Julia Macdonald, and Ryan Baker. 2017. “Small Footprint, Small Payoff: The Military Effectiveness of Security Force Assistance.” Journal of Strategic Studies 41 (1–2): 89–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2017.1307745.
- Blankenship, Brian, and Renanah Miles Joyce. 2020. “Purchasing power: US overseas defense spending and military statecraft.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 64, (3): 545–573.
- Bowen, Jeremy. 2022. “Joe Biden heads to Middle East amid faltering US sway.” BBC News, July 13, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-62133978.
- Byman, Daniel. 2018. “Why States are Turning to Proxy War.” National Interest, August 26, 2018. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/why-states-are-turning-proxy-war-29677.
- Chinchilla, Alexandra. 2022. “Security Assistance Worked in Ukraine.” Defense Post, March 14, 2022. https://www.thedefensepost.com/2022/03/14/security-assistance-ukraine/.
- Chinchilla, Alexandra, “Lessons from Ukraine for Security Force Assistance,” Lawfare, September 10, 2023, https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/lessons-from-ukraine-for-security-force-assistance
- Chinchilla, Alexandra, and Jesse Driscoll. 2021. “Side-Switching as State-Building: The Case of Russian-Speaking Militias in Eastern Ukraine.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 46 (5): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2021.2013760.
- Clack, Timothy. 2022. “Cultural Heritage on the Frontline: The Destruction of Peoples and Identities in War.” University of Oxford, October 4, 2022. https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-10-04-cultural-heritage-frontline-destruction-peoples-and-identities-war.
- Cooper, Zack, and Andrew Shearer. 2017. “Thinking Clearly About China’s Layered Indo-Pacific Strategy.” The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 73 (5): 305–311.
- Elias, Barbara. 2023. “Local Partners are Not Proxies: The Case for Rethinking Proxy War.” Irregular Warfare Initiative, April 20, 2023. https://irregularwarfare.org/articles/local-partners-are-not-proxies-the-case-for-rethinking-proxy-war/.
- Goldenberg, Ilan, Alice H. Friend, Stephen Tankel, and Nicholas Heras. 2016. Remodeling Partner Capacity: Maximizing the Effectiveness of U.S. Counterterrorism Security Assistance. https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/remodeling-partner-capacity.
- Gomez, Don, and Tucker Chase. 2022. “Going Viral: Preparing Ground Forces for Combat in the Information Age.” Irregular Warfare Initiative, September 1, 2022. https://irregularwarfare.org/articles/going-viral-preparing-ground-forces-for-combat-in-the-information-age/.
- Hamasaeed, Sarhang, and Garrett Nada. 2020. “Iraq Timeline: Since the 2003 War.” United States Institute for Peace, May 29, 2020. https://www.usip.org/iraq-timeline-2003-war.
- Jebb, Benjamin, and Kyle Atwell. 2022. “Transmitting Values: Can US Security Force Assistance Export Democratic Norms?” Modern War Institute, December 2, 2022. https://mwi.usma.edu/transmitting-values-can-us-security-force-assistance-export-democratic-norms/.
- Jebb, Benjamin, and Laura Jones. 2022. “Little Blue Men in the South China Sea: Unmasking China’s Maritime Militia.” Modern War Institute. May 6, 2022. https://mwi.usma.edu/little-blue-men-in-the-south-china-sea-unmasking-chinas-maritime-militia.
- Johnston, Bryce, and Kevin Shinnick. 2022. “The Lieutenant and the Interagency: Linking Tactics to Strategy in Integrated Deterrence.” Modern War Institute, February 17, 2022. https://mwi.usma.edu/the-lieutenant-and-the-interagency-linking-tactics-to-strategy-in-integrated-deterrence/.
- Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2006. “The Logic of Violence in Civil War.” In Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511818462.
- Kania, Elsa. 2016. “The Pla’s Latest Strategic Thinking on the Three Warfares.” Jamestown Foundation, August 22, 2016. https://www.google.com/url?q=https://jamestown.org/program/the-plas-latest-strategic-thinking-on-the-three-warfares/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1682475980225855&usg=AOvVaw3MmBWcseaz6R2d_qdBV4zX.
- Karlin, Mara E. 2018. Building Militaries in Fragile States: Challenges for the United States. University of Pennsylvania Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16t6drn.
- Kashkett, S. 2017. “Special Operations and Diplomacy: A Unique Nexus.” Foreign Service Journal 6: 1–10. https://afsa.org/special-operations-and-diplomacy-unique-nexus.
- Kim, Young M. 2020. “New Evidence Shows How Russia’s Election Interference Has Gotten More Brazen.” Brennan Center for Justice, March 5, 2020. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/new-evidence-shows-how-russias-election-interference-has-gotten-more.
- Kishkovsky, Sophia. 2021. “UNESCO Report Reveals Extent of Russian Threat to Crimean Heritage.” Art Newspaper, September 16, 2021. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2021/09/16/unesco-report-reveals-extent-of-russian-threat-to-crimean-heritage.
- Kofman, Michael. 2016. “Russian Hybrid Warfare and Other Dark Arts.” War on the Rocks, March 11, 2016. https://warontherocks.com/2016/03/russian-hybrid-warfare-and-other-dark-arts/.
- Koven, Barnett S., and Chris Mason. 2021. “Back to the Future: Getting Special Forces Ready for Great-Power Competition.” War on the Rocks, May 4, 2021. https://warontherocks.com/2021/05/back-to-the-future-getting-special-forces-ready-for-great-power-competition/.
- Krieg, Andreas, and Jean-Marc Rickli. 2019. Surrogate Warfare: The Transformation of War in the Twenty-First Century. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
- Lange, Nico. 2023. “How to Beat Russia: What Armed Forces in NATO Should Learn from Ukraine’s Homeland Defense.” February GLOBSEC.
- Maizland, Lindsay. 2023. “The Taliban in Afghanistan.” Council on Foreign Relations, January 19, 2023. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/taliban-afghanistan#:~:text=By%20August%202021%2C%20the%20Taliban,peace%20agreement%20with%20the%20group.
- Marco, Anthony. 2023. “Forces of Destabilization: Countering Wagner Group in the Sahel.” Irregular Warfare Initiative, April 4, 2023. https://irregularwarfare.org/articles/forces-of-destabilization-countering-wagner-group-in-the-sahel/.
- Marten, Kimberly. 2019. “Russia’s Use of Semi-State Security Forces: The Case of the Wagner Group.” Post-Soviet Affairs 35 (3): 181–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586x.2019.1591142.
- McGurk, Marshall. 2021. More Than Just Friends: The Strategic Advantage of Enduring Relationships. Modern War Institute. June 29, 2021. https://mwi.usma.edu/more-than-just-friends-the-strategic-advantage-of-enduring-relationships/.
- McInnis, Kathleen J., and Nathan J. Lucas. 2015. What is “Building Partner Capacity?” Issues for Congress. CRS Report No. R44313. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/R44313.pdf.
- Metz, Rachel Tecott. 2023. “The Cult of the Persuasive: Why U.S. Security Assistance Fails.” International Security 47 (3): 95–135. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00453.
- Moghadam, Assaf, Vladimir Rauta, and Michel Wyss. 2023. Routledge Handbook of Proxy Wars. London: Routledge.
- Mott, William H. 2002. United States Military Assistance: An Empirical Perspective. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group.
- Negatu, Gabriel. 2022. “The US Risks Losing Its Influence in the Horn of Africa. Here’s How to Get It Back.” New Atlanticist, January 11, 2022. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-us-risks-losing-its-influence-in-the-horn-of-africa-heres-how-to-get-it-back/.
- Noonan, Michael P. 2021. “Not Just for SOF Anymore: Envisioning Irregular Warfare as a Joint Force Priority.” Modern War Institute, April 21, 2021. https://mwi.usma.edu/not-just-for-sof-anymore-envisioning-irregular-warfare-as-a-joint-force-priority/.
- Paul, Christopher, Colin P. Clarke, Beth Grill, Stephanie Young, Jennifer D. P. Moroney, Joe Hogler, and Christine Leah. 2013. What Works Best When Building Partner Capacity and Under What Circumstances?. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
- Qobil, Rustam. 2010. “The Sexually Abused Dancing Boys of Afghanistan.” BBC News, September 8, 2010. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-11217772.
- Salo, Edward. 2022. “Assimilating Heritage in Irregular Warfare: Ukraine 2014 Through 2021.” Eunomia Journal. https://www.civilaffairsassoc.org/post/assimilating-heritage-in-irregular-warfare-ukraine-2014-through-2021.
- Schroden, Jonathan. 2021. “Lessons from the Collapse of Afghanistan’s Security Forces.” CTC Sentinel 14 (8): 45–61. https://ctc.westpoint.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/CTC-SENTINEL-082021.pdf.
- Sherr, James. 2017. The Militarization of Russian Policy. Washington, DC: Transatlantic Academy. https://euagenda.eu/upload/publications/untitled-135828-ea.pdf.
- Shevchenko, Vitaly. 2014. “‘Little Green Men’ or ‘Russian Invaders’?” BBC News, March 11, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26532154.
- Sinnott, Shawna, and Kyle Atwell. 2020. “Does Building Partner Military Capacity Work?” Modern War Institute, June 19, 2020. https://mwi.usma.edu/building-partner-military-capacity-work/.
- Sutton, Benjamin. 2018. “A Large, Chinese-Funded Art Museum Opened in Senegal.” Artsy, December 7, 2018. https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-large-chinese-funded-art-museum-opened-senegal.
- Tankel, Stephen. 2017. With Us and Against Us: How America’s Partners Help and Hinder the War On Terror. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Tecott, Rachel. 2021. “All Rapport, No Results: What Afghanistan’s Collapse Reveals About the Flaws in US Security Force Assistance.” August 26, 2021. Modern War Institute.
- The U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense. 2020. Summary of the Irregular Warfare Annex to the National Defense Strategy. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1112946.pdf.
- The U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense. 2021. Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 President’s Budget Justification for Security Cooperation Program and Activity Funding. https://open.defense.gov/Portals/23/Documents/Security_Cooperation/Budget_Justification_FY2022.pdf.
- The U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense. 2022. National Defense Strategy. https://media.defense.gov/2022/Oct/27/2003103845/-1/-1/1/2022-NATIONAL-DEFENSE-STRATEGY-NPR-MDR.PDF.
- Ware, Jacob. 2023. “The Enduring Importance of Tactical Counterterrorism for Strategic Competition.” Irregular Warfare Initiative, March 31, 2023. https://irregularwarfare.org/articles/strongthe-enduring-importance-of-tactical-counterterrorism-for-strategic-competition-strong/.
- Wilson, Gregory. 2006. “Anatomy of a Successful COIN Operation: OEF Philippines and the Indirect Approach-Operation Enduring Freedom-Philippines Offers a Template for How to Succeed in Counterinsurgency.” Military Review 86 (6): 2–12. https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20061231_art001.pdf.
- Wolfley, Kyle. 2021. “The Shape of Things to Come: Why the Pentagon Must Embrace Soft Power to Compete with China.” Modern War Institute, March 30, 2021. https://mwi.usma.edu/the-shape-of-things-to-come-why-the-pentagon-must-embrace-soft-power-to-compete-with-china/.