Native speakerism and the Japanese ideal of English language teaching: globalisation, ideology, and practice

References

• Breckenridge, Y., & Erling, E. J. (2011). The native speaker English teacher and the politics of globalization in Japan. In P. Seargeant (Ed.), English in Japan in the Era of globalization (pp. 80–100). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230306196_5
   Google Scholar
• Burgess, C. (2010, March 23). Higher education: opening up or closing in? The Japan Times. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2010/03/23/issues/higher-education-opening-up-or-closing-in/#.W3tkfugzZdo
   Google Scholar
• Butler, Y. G. (2007). Factors associated with the notion that native speakers are the ideal language teachers: An examination of elementary school teachers in Japan. JALT Journal, 29(1), 7–40. https://doi.org/10.37546/JALTJJ29.1-1
   Google Scholar
• Canagarajah, A. S. (1999). Resisting linguistic imperialism in English teaching. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cater, M. A. (2018). Parallel native-speakerisms? Eikaiwa learner perceptions of teachers of Japanese. In P. Clements, A. Krause, & P. Bennett (Eds.), Language teaching in a global age: Shaping the classroom, shaping the world (pp. 100–104). JALT.
   Google Scholar
• Crump, A. (2007). Examining the Role of Assistant Language Teachers on the JET Programme within the Context of Nihonjinron and Kokusaika: Perspectives from ALTs (Doctoral dissertation, McGill University).
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, J. M. (2018). Why the dichotomy ‘L1 versus LX user’is better than ‘native versus non-native speaker’. Applied Linguistics, 39(2), 236–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duff, P. A., & Uchida, Y. (1997). The negotiation of teachers’ sociocultural identities and practices in postsecondary EFL classrooms. Tesol Quarterly, 31(3), 451–486. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erling, E. J. (2017). Being ‘the villain’: Globalization and the ‘native-speaker’ English- language teacher. In M. Borjian (Ed.), Language and globalization: An autoethnographic approach (pp. 90–102). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fujita-Round, S., & Maher, J. (2008). Language education policy in Japan. In T. L. McCarty, & S. May (Eds.), Language policy and political issues in education (pp. 491–505). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Furukawa, G. (2015). “Cool” English: Stylized native-speaker English in Japanese television shows. Multilingua, 34(2), 265–291. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2014-1010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway, N., & Rose, H. (2015). Introducing global englishes. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Glasgow, G. P., Ng, P. C., Matikainen, T., & Machida, T. (2020). Challenging and interrogating native speakerism in an elementary school professional development programme in Japan. In: Houghton, S.A., Bouchard, J. (Eds.), Native-Speakerism. Intercultural Communication and Language Education (pp. 189–212). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5671-5_9
   Google Scholar
• Hino, N. (2021). Language education from a post-native-speakerist perspective: The case of English as an international language. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 25(2), 528–545. https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-2-528-545
   Google Scholar
• Holiday, A. (2020). Foreword. In R. J. Lowe (Ed.), Uncovering ideology in English language teaching: Identifying the ‘native speaker’ frame (pp. vii–vix). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Holliday, A. (2006). Native-speakerism. ELT Journal, 60(4), 385–387. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccl030
   Google Scholar
• Holliday, A. (2015). Native-speakerism: Taking the concept forward and achieving cultural belief. In A. Swan, P. Aboshiha, & A. Holliday (Eds.), (En)Countering native-speakerism (pp. 11–25). Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Holliday, A. R. (2005). The struggle to teach English as an international language. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hooper, D. (2018). Too close for comfort: Eikaiwa and stigma in Japanese ELT. Speakeasy Journal, 30, 32–38.
   Google Scholar
• Houghton, S. A., & Rivers, D. J. (2013). Introduction: Redefining native- speakerism. In S. A. Houghton, & D. J. Rivers (Eds.), Native-speakerism in Japan: Intergroup dynamics in foreign language education (pp. 1–14). Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Houghton, S. A., Rivers, D. J., & Hashimoto, K. (2018). Beyond native-speakerism: Current explorations and future visions. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hyltenstam, K., Barting, I., & Fant, L. (2018). Introduction. In K. Hyltenstam, I. Bartning, & L. Fant (Eds.), High-Level language proficiency in second language and multilingual contexts (pp. 1–15). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Inoue, N., & Anderson, V. (2023). Encountering and contesting native-speakerism in Japanese universities. Higher Education Research & Development, 42(6), 1438–1452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JET Programme. (n.d.). Introduction. http://jetprogramme.org/en/ about-jet/
   Google Scholar
• Jones, B. A. (2019). The role of English education in Japan. Memoirs of Learning Utility Center for Konan University Students, 4(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.14990/00003355
   Google Scholar
• Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification, and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk, & H. G. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures (pp. 11–30). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kavanagh, B. (2016). Native speakerism and English language education in Japan. Bulletin of the Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, 2, 201–209.
   Google Scholar
• Kubota, R. (1998). Ideologies of English in Japan. World Englishes, 17(3), 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-971X.00105
   Google Scholar
• Kubota, R. (2002). The impact of globalization on language teaching in Japan. In D. Block, & D. Cameron (Eds.), Globalization and language teaching (pp. 13–28). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kubota, R. (2011). Learning a foreign language as leisure and consumption: Enjoyment, desire, and the business of eikaiwa. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 14(4), 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2011.573069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubota, R. (2023). Introduction to language learning, teaching, and reclamation in Japan: Diversity, inequalities, and identities. In Mielick, M., Kubota, R., Lawrence, L. (Eds.), Discourses of identity: Language learning, teaching, and reclamation perspectives in Japan (pp. 1–14). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
   Google Scholar
• Kusaka, L. L. (2016). Native-Speakerism in Japan: Intergroup dynamics in foreign language education. Gengo to bunka: Aichidaigaku gogaku kyōiku kenkyūshitsu kiyō, 61(34), 215–223.
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence, L. (2016). Responsibility without power: Native-speaker experiences of team teaching in Japanese secondary schools. In Copland, F., Garton, S., & Mann, S. (Eds.), LETs and NESTs: voices, Views and Vignettes (pp. 20–36). British Council.
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence, L. (2020). The discursive construction of “native” and “Non-native” speaker English teacher identities in Japan. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 8(1), 111–125.
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence, L., & Nagashima, Y. (2020). The intersectionality of gender, sexuality, race, and native-speakerness. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 19(1), 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2019.1672173
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe, R. J. (2020). Uncovering ideology in English language teaching. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lowe, R. J., & Kiczkowiak, M. (2016). Native-speakerism and the complexity of personal experience: A duoethnographic study. Cogent Education, 3(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1264171
   Google Scholar
• Matikainen, T. (2020). Moving past native-speakerism in English language teaching (ELT) in Japan. Keio SFC Journal, 19(2), 102–113.
   Google Scholar
• McVeigh, B. (2002). Japanese higher education as myth. M.E. Sharpe.
   Google Scholar
• MEXT. (2003). MEXT action plan 2003. http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/ html/hpac200201/hpac200201_2_015.html
   Google Scholar
• MEXT. (2018a). Heisei 30 nendo eigo kyoiku jisshi jokyo chosa (shogakko) no kekka gaiyo [Survey on the current state of English language education (elementary school) 2018 ]. https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20200710- mxt_kyoiku01-100000661_3.pdf
   Google Scholar
• MEXT. (2018b). Heisei 30 nendo eigo kyoiku jisshi jokyo chosa (chugakko) no kekka gaiyo [Survey on the current state of English language education (junior high school) 2018]. https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20200710- mxt_kyoiku01-100000661_4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• MEXT. (2018c). Heisei 30 nendo eigo kyoiku jisshi jokyo chosa (kotogakko) no kekka gaiyo [Survey on the current state of English language education (senior high school) 2018]. https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20200710- mxt_kyoiku01-100000661_4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Morikawa, T. (2019). Native-speakerism or English as a lingua franca?: On the future direction of English as a foreign language education in Japan. Komaba Journal of English Education, 25–25.
   Google Scholar
• Morikawa, T., & Parba, J. (2022). Diversification, desire, and hierarchization of unequal englishes on online eikaiwa. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2080833
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow, P. R. (2004). English in Japan: the world Englishes perspective. JALT Journal, 26(1), 79–100.
   Google Scholar
• Nagatomo, D. H. (2016). Identity, gender and teaching English in Japan. Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Norton, B. (1997). Language, identity, and the ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly, 31(3), 409–429. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587831
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Phillipson, R. (2008). Lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? English in European integration and globalisation. World Englishes, 27(2), 250–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillipson, R. (2011). English: from British empire to corporate empire. Sociolinguistic Studies, 5(3), 441–464.
   Google Scholar
• Proshina, Z. G., & Nelson, C. L. (2020). Varieties of English and Kachru’s expanding circle. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 24(3), 523–550. https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-3-523-550
   Google Scholar
• Quirk, R. (1990). Language varieties and standard language. English Today, 6(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078400004454
   Google Scholar
• Reesor, M. (2003). Japanese attitudes to English: Towards an explanation of poor performance. NUCB Journal of Language Culture and Communication, 5(2), 57–65.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. W. (2013). Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Rivers, D. J. (2020). Contributions of national identity and personality to foreign language communication and contact attitudes in Japan. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 19(6), 379–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2019.1696684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivers, D. J., & Ross, A. S. (2013). Idealized English teachers: The implicit influence of race in Japan. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 12(5), 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2013.835575
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roloff-Rothman, J. (2012). Looking for common ground: An investigation of motivational strategies valued by ALTs and JTEs. Accents Asia, 5(2), 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, H., & Conama, J. B. (2018). Linguistic imperialism: Still a valid construct in relation to language policy for Irish sign language. Language Policy, 17(3), 385–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-017-9446-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuell, C. (2020). What Do We know about team teaching problems affecting ALTs ability to teach? OnCUE Journal, 13(1), 3–14.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, E. W. (2020). English around the world. Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Seargeant, P. (2009). The idea of English in Japan: Ideology and the evolution of a global language. Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Shiroza, S. (2020). Changing language, continuing discourse: A shift toward ELF and persistent native-speakerism in Japan’s ELT policy. In Giri, R.A., Sharma, A., D'Angelo, J. (Eds.), Functional variations in English. Multilingual Education, vol 37 (pp. 277–293). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52225-4_18
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. D. (2021). Social reproduction as language policy: The neoliberal Co-option of English in global Japan. Educational Policy, 36(7), 1652–1678. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904821999840
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M. D. (2022). The neoliberal structures of English in Japanese higher education: Applying Bernstein’s pedagogic device. Current Issues in Language Planning. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2022.2102330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M. D., & Kim, D. H. (2015). English & linguistic imperialism: A Korean perspective in the age of globalization. The Mirae Journal of English Language & Literature, 20(2), 331–350.
   Google Scholar
• Spolsky, B. (2004). Language policy. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sponseller, A. C. (2017). Role perceptions of JTEs and ALTs engaged in team teaching in Japan. Hiroshima Journal of School Education, 23, 123–130.
   Google Scholar
• Sugimori, K. (2016). Reviewing the past ten years of my teaching and research and future goals: From TESOL to discrimination. Journal of Global Media Studies, 17(18), 141–149.
   Google Scholar
• Tajino, A., & Tajino, Y. (2000). Native and non-native: What can they offer? Lessons from team-teaching in Japan. ELT Journal, 54(1), 3–11.
   Google Scholar
• Tsuneyoshi, R. (2013). Communicative English in Japan and ‘native speakers of English’. In S. A. Houghton, & D. J. Rivers (Eds.), Native-speakerism in Japan: Intergroup dynamics in foreign language education (pp. 119–131). Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Walkinshaw, I., & Oanh, D. H. (2014). Native and Non-native English language teachers: Student perceptions in Vietnam and Japan. SAGE Open, https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014534451
   Google Scholar