Publication Cover
Black Theology
An International Journal
Volume 22, 2024 - Issue 1
39
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Interpreting the Concept of δοῦλος in 1 Timothy 6:1-2 in the Context of Socio-economic Slavery in Nigeria

Bibliography

  • Akpabio, Godswill. “Akwa Ibom: The Story of Uncommon Transformation.” 2011. http://www.pointblanknews.com/Speech/os5373.html.
  • Akpan, Uwem J. “Law and Public Governance in the Ibibio Traditional Society.” Research Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies 3, no. 2 (2017): 1–12.
  • Antwi, Emmanuel K. E. “Church Involvement in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: Its Biblical Antecedent vis-à-vis the Society’s Attitude to Wealth.” Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 44, no. 2 (2018): 10. doi:10.25159/2412-4265/3245.
  • Azarkievič, Jahor S. “Social Stratification According to Marx and Weber: Comparison of the Theories and Modern Relevance.” 2015. http://www.academia.edu/19721451/Social_Stratification_According_to_Marx_and_Weber_Comparison_of_the_Theories_and_Modern_Relevance.
  • Aziz, Abdul. ““The Operational Value of Human Capital Theory and Cultural Capital Theory in Social Stratification.” Citizenship, Social and Economics Education 14, no. 3 (2015): 230–224. doi:10.1177/2047173416629510.
  • Banana, Canaan. “The Biblical Basis for Liberation Struggles.” In The Gospel According to the Ghetto, ed. Canaan Banana, 42–55. Gweru, Zimbabwe: Mambo press, 1990.
  • Bartchy, S. Scott. “Slaves and Slavery in the Roman World.” In The World of the New Testament: Cultural, Social, and Historical Contexts, eds. Joel B Green, and Lee Martin McDonald, 169–178. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2013.
  • Bassey, Joseph R. “The British Palm Oil Trade, Judicial Development and Denial of Fundamental and Socio-economic Rights in Old Calabar, 1813-1906: A Study in Legal History of Nigeria.” The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies 5, no. 5 (2017): 80–92.
  • Beyer, Hermann W. “διάκονος.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Kittel, 261–280. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964.
  • Brown, Driver B. “עָ֫בֶד.” In Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database. Biblesoft, Inc., 2006.
  • Brown, Driver et al, “`abad.” In The NAS Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon. 2020. https://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/hebrew/nas/abad.html.
  • Calhoun-Brown, Allison. “The Image of God: Black Theology and Racial Empowerment in the African American Community.” Review of Religious Research 40, no. 3 (1999): 197–212.
  • Carmichael, Calum. “Jewish Slavery in Antiquity, by Catherine Hezser (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).” Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 26, no. 3 (2008): 222–224. doi:10.1353/sho.0.0187.
  • Clarke, Adam. “Commentary on 1 Timothy 6:1.” The Adam Clarke Commentary 1832. https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/acc/1-timothy-6.html.
  • Danker, Frederick W. Concise Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.
  • Date, Christopher M. “By Command of God Our Savior: A Defense of the Pauline Authorship of the Pastoral Epistles.” Diligence: Journal of the Liberty University Online Religion Capstone in Research and Scholarship 1, no. 1 (2016): Article 5. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/djrc/vol1/iss1/5 pp.12-16.
  • Donaldson, Adam. “Peasant and Slave Rebellions in the Roman Republic.” (PhD diss., Tucson, AZ, USA: Department of History, The University of Arizona, 2012).
  • Ekong, Ekaette U. “Coastal Trade in Awa, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria 1900–1970.” Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 4 (2014): 134–142.
  • Ela, Jean-Marc. African Cry. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1986.
  • Felix, S. J. The Pastoral Epistles: 1, 2 Timothy, Titus.” http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Paul-Pastorals.htm.
  • Gamauf, Richard. “Slaves Doing Business: The Role of Roman Law in the Economy of a Roman Household.” European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 16, no. 3 (2009): 331–346.
  • Grundman, W. “δοῦλος.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, eds. Gerhard Kittel, Gerhard Friedrich, and Geoffrey W. Bromiley, 182–189. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1985.
  • Harill, Albert J. “Slavery.” In Dictionary of New Testament Background, eds. Craig A. Evans, and Stanley E. Porter, 1124–1127. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2000.
  • Hatch, E., and H. A. Redpath. Concordance to the Septuagint. Graz: Akademische Druck-U. Verlagsanstalt, 1954.
  • Heidebrecht, Doug. “Reading 1 Timothy 2:9-15 in Its Literary Context.” Direction 33, no. 2 (2004): 171–184.
  • Hezser, Catherine. Jewish Slavery in Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Hincks, E. Y. “The Authorship of the Pastoral Epistles.” Journal of Biblical Literature 16, no. 1 (1897): 94–117.
  • Hodgman, Charles A. “Servant.” In Wycliffe Dictionary of Theology, eds. Everett F. Harrison, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Carl F. Henry, 480–481. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 2004.
  • Hopkins, Keith. Conquerors and Slaves: Sociological Studies in Roman History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
  • Ikunga, Solomon A. ““The Impact of Missionaries on Slavery and Slave Trade to the Development of Oron People – Nigeria 1800–2000: A Historical Imperative.” International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences & Work Place Ergonomics in Africa 11, no. 6 (2018): 15–22.
  • Joubert, Stephan J. “Managing the Household Paul as Paterfamiliars of the Christian Household group in Corinth.” In Modeling Early Christianity: Social-Scientific Studies of the New Testament in Its Context, ed. Philip Esler, 213–222. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.
  • Kirby, Peter. “1 Timothy.” Early Christian Writings (2017. http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/1timothy.html.
  • Koester, Helmut. History and Literature of Early Christianity. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2000.
  • Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. Paul's Epistles to the Colossians and Thessalonians. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2008.
  • Livesey, Chris. Social Inequality-Theoretical Perspectives: Weber. A-Level Sociology Teaching Notes. http://www.sociology.org.uk/notes/siweber.pdf.
  • Martin, Ralph. The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians, an Introduction and Commentary. Grand: Eerdmans, 1959.
  • Maylam, Paul. “Explaining the Apartheid City: 20 Years of South African Urban Historiography.” Journal of Southern African Studies 21, no. 1 (1995 & 2007): 19–38.
  • Meager, David. “Slavery in Bible Times.” Cross†Way Issue Autumn 102 (2006. http://archive.churchsociety.org/crossway/documents/Cway_102_Slavery1.pdf.
  • Mofokeng, T. “Black Christians, the Bible and Liberation.” Journal of Black Theology 2 (1988): 34–42.
  • Mosala, Itumeleng J. Biblical Hermeneutics and Black Theology in South Africa. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989.
  • Nireh, Benjamin A. “Africa in the New Testament.” In Interpreting the New Testament in Africa, eds. Mary N. Getui, Knut Holtner, and Victor Zinkuratire, 68–82. Nairobi: Acton Publishers, 2001.
  • Nolan, Albert. God in South Africa: The Challenge of the Gospel. Grand Rapids: Erdmann. Gweru, Zimbabwe: Mambo Press, 1988.
  • Offiong, Daniel A. “The Status of Slaves in Igbo and Ibibio of Nigeria.” Phylon (1960-) 46, no. 1 (1985): 49–57.
  • Offiong, Daniel. Witchcraft, Sorcery, Magic & Social order Among the Ibibio of Nigeria. Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers, 1991.
  • Ottuh, John A. “The Church and Community Development in Nigeria: The Church in Etinan as an Illustration.” Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 6 (2014): 1–8.
  • Pandey, Rajendra. “Max Weber's Theory of Social Stratification: Controversies, Contexts and Correctives.” Sociological Bulletin 32, no. 2 (1983): 171–203. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23619228.
  • Parsons, T. “Equality and Inequality in Modern Society, or Social Stratification Revisited.” Sociological Inquiry 40, no. 2 (1970): 13–72.
  • Patterson, Orlando. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press, 1982.
  • Pervo, Richard I. “Romancing an Oft-Neglected Stone: The Pastoral Epistles and The Epistolary Novel.” Journal of Higher Criticism 1 (1994): 25–47.
  • Pollock, John. George Whitefield and the Great Awakening. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1972.
  • Porter, Stanley E. “Pauline Authorship and the Pastoral Epistles: Implications for Canon.” Bulletin for Biblical Research 5 (1995): 105–123.
  • Raboteau, Albert J. Slave Religion: The Invisible institution in the Antebellum South. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
  • Ramelli, Ilaria. Social Justice and the Legitimacy of Slavery: The Role of Philosophical Asceticism from Ancient Judaism to Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
  • Ratele, Kopano, and Leswin Laubscher. “Making White Lives: Neglected Meanings of Whiteness from Apartheid South Africa.” Psychology in Society 40 (2010): 83–99.
  • Rengstorf, Karl H. “δοῦλος.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Kittel, 261–280. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964.
  • Rumscheidt, Martin. Feminist Biblical Interpretation: A Compendium of Critical Commentary on the Books of the Bible and Related Literature. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2012.
  • Schoffeleers, Matthew. “Black and African Theology in Southern Africa: A Controversy Re-Examined.” Journal of Religion in Africa 18, no. 2 (1988): 99–124.
  • Shaner, Katherine A. Enslaved Leadership in Early Christianity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • Simon, Kevin W. “The Truth Shall Set You Free: The Bible, the Revolution, and the Debate Over Slavery in the American South.” (master’s thesis, Lynchburg, Virginia: Liberty University, 2012).
  • Thayer, J. “Οἰκονόμος”, Thayer's Greek Lexicon, Electronic Database. Biblesoft Inc., 2011.
  • Thayer and Smith. “Greek Lexicon Entry for Therapon.” The NAS New Testament Greek Lexicon. 1999. https://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/therapon.html.
  • Thayer's Greek Lexicon, “Strongs NT 1401: δοῦλος”, Electronic Database. 2011. Biblesoft Inc.
  • Thune, Robert H. Deacons: A Theological Study, 2007. http://bobthune.s3.amazonaws.com/Deacons_%20A_Theological_Study.pdf.
  • Trench, R. “despotés: lord, master.” HELPS Word-studies 2018. http://biblehub.com/greek/1203.htm.
  • Tshuma, Ephraim. “Liberation as a Paradigm for Full Humanity in Africa.” Perichoresis 14, no. 1 (2016): 3–20. doi:10.1515/perc-2016-0001.
  • Urbach, Ephraim E. “The Laws Regarding Slavery as a Source for Social History of the Period of the Second Temple, the Mishnah and Talmud.” In Papers of the Institute of Jewish Studies, ed. J. G. Weiss, 1–94. Jerusalem: University College London, 1964.
  • West, Gerald. “Biblical Hermeneutics in Africa.” 2008. http://www.chora-strangers.org/files/chora/west2008_Parratt.pdf.
  • Whitefield, George. Three Letters from the Reverend Mr. G. Whitefield. Philadelphia: Franklin, 1740.
  • Whitefield, George. The Works of the Reverend George Whitefield, M.A. Late of Pembroke-College, Oxford, And Chaplain to the Rt. Hon. The Countess of Huntingdon Containing All His Sermons and Tracts, vol. 2. Edinburg: Kincaid and Bell, 1771.
  • Youngblood, Ronald F. Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson Inc., 1995.
  • Zeitlin, Solomon. “Slavery During the Second Commonwealth and the Tannaitic Period.” Jewish Quarterly Review 53, (1962-3): 194–197.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.