Publication Cover
Neuropsychoanalysis
An Interdisciplinary Journal for Psychoanalysis and the Neurosciences
Volume 25, 2023 - Issue 1
2,530
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The GeoCat 1.3, a simple tool for the measurement of Freudian primary and secondary process thinking

ORCID Icon &
Pages 5-15 | Received 07 Sep 2022, Accepted 03 Jan 2023, Published online: 06 Feb 2023

References

  • Bazan, A. (2007a). Des fantômes dans la voix. Une hypothèse neuropsychanalytique sur la structure de l’inconscient [Phantoms in the voice: A neuropsychoanalytic hypothesis on the structure of the unconscious]. Liber.
  • Bazan, A. (2007b). An attempt towards an integrative comparison of psychoanalytical and sensorimotor control theories of action. In P. Haggard, Y. Rossetti, & M. Kawato (Eds.), Attention and performance XXII (pp. 319–338). Oxford University Press.
  • Bazan, A. (2012). From sensorimotor inhibition to Freudian repression: Insights from psychosis applied to neurosis. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 452. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00452
  • Bazan, A. (submitted). Primary and secondary process mentation: The pertinence of the Freudian model for modern science.
  • Bazan, A., Jorge Mendes, S., Antoine-Moussiaux, J., & Prys, D. (2019). Empirical evidence for psychic transparency in pregnancy. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 36(3), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.1037/pap0000212
  • Bazan, A., & Snodgrass, M. (2012). On unconscious inhibition: Instantiating repression in the brain. In A. Fotopoulou, D. W. Pfaff, & E. M. Conway (Eds.), From the couch to the lab: Trends in psychodynamic neuroscience (pp. 307–337). Oxford University Press.
  • Bazan, A., Van Draege, K., De Kock, L., Brakel, L. A. W., Geerardyn, F., & Shevrin, H. (2013). Empirical evidence for Freud's theory of primary process mentation in acute psychosis. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 30(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027139
  • Bergeret, J. (2004). Psychologie pathologique, théorique et clinique [Theory and technique of psychopathology] (9th ed.). Masson. (Original work published 1972)
  • Brakel, L. A. W. (2009). Philosophy, psychoanalysis and the a-rational mind. Oxford University Press.
  • Brakel, L. A. W. (2017). The primary process: Bridges to interdisciplinary studies of mind. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 34, 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/07351690.2018.1430964
  • Brakel, L. A. W., Kleinsorge, S., Snodgrass, M., & Shevrin, H. (2000). The primary process and the unconscious: Experimental evidence supporting two psychoanalytic presuppositions. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 81(3), 553–569. https://doi.org/10.1516/0020757001599951
  • Brakel, L. A. W., & Shevrin H. (2003). Freud’s dual process theory and the place of the a-rational. Continuing commentary on Stanovich & West (2000). Individual differences in reasoning: implications for the rationality debate. Behavioral and Brain Science, 26, 527–534.
  • Brakel, L. A. W., & Shevrin, H. (2005). Anxiety, attributional thinking and primary process. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 86(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1516/4CWJ-Q8R2-UDLP-HD5A
  • Brakel, L. A. W., Shevrin, H., & Villa, K. K. (2002). The priority of primary process categorizing: Experimental evidence supporting a psychoanalytic developmental hypothesis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 50(2), 483–505. https://doi.org/10.1177/00030651020500020701
  • Brelet-Foulard, F., & Chabert, C. (2003). Nouveau Manuel du TAT – Approche psychanalytique. Dunod. (Original work published 1990)
  • Bydlowski, M. (2001). Le regard intérieur de la femme enceinte, transparence psychique et représentation de l’objet interne. Devenir, 13(2), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.3917/dev.012.0041
  • Carhart-Harris, R., & Friston, K. (2010). The default-mode, ego-functions and free-energy: A neurobiological account of Freudian ideas. Brain, 133(4), 1265–1283. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq010
  • Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Friston, K. J. (2012). Free-energy and Freud: An update. In A. Fotopoulou, D. Pfaff, & M. Conway (Eds.), From the couch to the lab: Trends in psychodynamic neuroscience (pp. 219–229). Oxford University Press.
  • Chabert, C. (2012). Le Rorschach en clinique adulte: Interprétation psychanalytique. 3ème ed., 296 pages. Dunod.
  • Collignon, G., Evrard, R., Adam, V., & Bazan, A. (2022). Aphantasie et hypnose : Une étude exploratoire. L'Évolution psychiatrique, 87(4), 765–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2022.07.007
  • Corrales-Cricboom, M.-C. (2021). L'obsessionnalité: un excès de processus primaires ou de processus secondaires? Une étude empirique [Unpublished master's thesis]. Université libre de Bruxelles.
  • Cutler, S., & Brakel, L. A. W. (2014). The primary processes: A preliminary exploration of a-rational mentation from an evolutionary viewpoint. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 34(8), 792–809. https://doi.org/10.1080/07351690.2014.968022
  • De Gélas, M. (2015). Processus primaires et clinique de l’anxiété : une étude au croisement des sciences cognitives et de la psychanalyse [Unpublished master's thesis]. Université libre de Bruxelles.
  • De Gélas, M., Parrent, A., & Bazan, A. (2017). Les processus primaires et secondaires selon Freud : Actualité et pertinence du concept et de sa mesure pour la clinique. In Analysis, 1, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inan.2016.12.008
  • Delannoy, A. (2017). Le Rorschach en clinique de la psychose : Le rôle suppléant du délire sur les processus de pensée [Unpublished master's thesis]. Université libre de Bruxelles.
  • De Smedt, K. (2014). L’émergence du processus secondaire dans le discours du sujet psychotique [Unpublished master's thesis]. Université libre de Bruxelles.
  • Fenichel, O. (1945). The psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. Norton.
  • Finn, M., Goldman, J., Lyon, G., & Nash, M. (2017). Is primary-process cognition a feature of hypnosis? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 65(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2017.1246848
  • Freud, A. (1936). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. International Universities Press. 1966.
  • Freud, S. (1915). The unconscious. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XIV, pp. 159–215). Hogarth Press.
  • Freud, S. (1926). Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XX, pp. 77–175). Hogarth Press.
  • Freud, S. (1955). The interpretation of dreams. J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.). Basic Books. (Original work published 1900)
  • Freud, S. (1960). Jokes and their relation to the unconscious. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. VIII). Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1905)
  • Freud, S. (1966). Project for a scientific psychology. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. I, pp. 281–392). Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1895)
  • Freud, S. (1978). The psychopathology of everyday life. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. VI, pp. 1–279). Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1901)
  • Garlick, D., Gant, D., Brakel, L. A. W., & Blaisdell, A. (2011). Attributional and relational processing in pigeons. Frontiers in Comparative Psychology, 2, 14–45. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00014
  • Gill, M. (1967). Collected Papers of David Rapaport. Basic Books, New York.
  • Goddefroy, G. (2014). Le lieu sécurisé comme facteur d’émergence de processus secondaires chez la personne psychotique [Unpublished master's thesis]. Université libre de Bruxelles.
  • Grünbaum, A. (1984). The foundations of psychoanalysis: A philosophical critique. University of California Press.
  • Guillen, Q., & Vidaluc, L. (2020). L’étude des processus secondaires dans l’anorexie mentale restrictive et des processus primaires dans l’anorexie mentale avec accès hyperphagiques/ purgatif et dans la boulimie [Unpublished master's thesis]. Université libre de Bruxelles.
  • Holt, R. (1967). The development of the primary process: A structural view. In R. Holt (Ed.), Motives and thought: Essays in honor of David Rapaport (pp. 345–383). International Universities Press.
  • Holt, R. R. (2009). Primary process thinking: Theory, measurement, and research, Volume I. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson Press.
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Macmillan.
  • Kapsambelis, V. (2005). L’humour des patients schizophrènes. Revue de psychothérapie psychanalytique de groupe, 1(44), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.3917/rppg.044.0063
  • Lacan, J. (1979). The seminar of Jacques Lacan, book XI: The four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis (J.-A. Miller, Ed.; A. Sheridan, Trans.). Penguin. (Original work published 1964 [1973])
  • Lamot, L. (2014). Etude des processus primaires et secondaires au sein d’une population en attente d’un diagnostic VIH [Unpublished dissertation]. Université Libre de Bruxelles.
  • Laplanche, J., & Pontalis, J.-B. (2009). Vocabulaire de la psychanalyse. Presses Universitaires de France. (Original work published 1967)
  • Matte Blanco, I. (1975). The unconscious as infinite sets. An essay in bi-logic (1st ed.). Karnac Books, Ltd.
  • Medin, D. L., Goldstone, R. L., & Gentner, D. (1990). Similarity involving attributes and relations: Judgments of similarity and difference are not inverses. American Psychological Society, 1(1), 64–69.
  • Medin, D. L., Goldstone, R. L., & Gentner, D. (1993). Respects for similarity. Psychological Review, 100(2), 254–278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb0006
  • Modell, A. H. (2014). The evolutionary significance of the primary process—The Freudian concept and its revision. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 34(8), 810–816. https://doi.org/10.1080/07351690.2014.968023
  • Motley, M. T., & Baars, B. J. (1976). Laboratory induction of verbal slips: A new method for psycholinguistic research. Communication Quarterly, 24(2), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463377609369216
  • Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. Oxford.
  • Parrent, A. (2011). De l’étayage du discours aux processus secondaires chez des individus psychotiques : Une étude empirique [Unpublished master's thesis]. Université libre de Bruxelles.
  • Rapaport, D. (1951). Towards a theory of thinking. In D. Rapoport (Ed.), Organization and pathology of thought: Selected sources. Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/10584-028
  • Renier, L. (2012). Inhibition, GeoCat et Anxiété : Pont entre neuropsychologie et psychanalyse par l'étude du lien entre processus secondaire et fonctions exécutives [Unpublished master's thesis]. Université libre de Bruxelles.
  • Richelle, J., Debroux, P., De Nooze, L., Malempré, M., De Jonghe, M., & Migeal, C. (2009). Manuel du test de Rorschach: Approche formelle et psychodynamique. Ouvertures Psychologiques, Louvain-la-Neuve.
  • Russ, S. W. (2020). Mind wandering, fantasy, and pretend play: A natural combination. In D. David, D. D. Preiss, D. Cosmelli, & J. Kaufman (Eds.), Creativity and the wandering mind – explorations in creativity research spontaneous and controlled cognition (pp. 231–248). Academic Press.
  • Saraga, D., & Gasser, J. (2005). Épreuve de réalité et psychose chez Freud. La fin de la psychose – l’heure d’un dernier « retour » ? Psychothérapies, 25(25), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.3917/psys.052.0109
  • Smith, E., & Medin, D. (1981). Categories and concepts. Harvard University Press.
  • Thieffry, L., Olyff, G., Pioda, L., Detandt, S., & Bazan, A. (submitted). Running away from phonological ambiguity, we stumble upon our words. Laboratory induced slips show differences between highly and lowly defensive people.
  • Vanheule, S., Roelstraete, B., Geerardyn, F., Murphy, C., Bazan, A., & Brakel, L. A. W. (2011). Construct validation and internal consistency of the geometric categorization task (GEOCAT) for measuring primary and secondary processes. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 28(2), 209–228. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022392