References
- Al-Zaman, Md. S., & Ahona, T. A. (2022). Users’ reactions to rape news shared on social media: An analysis of five Facebook reaction buttons. Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 10(1), 51–73. doi:10.15206/AJPOR.2022.10.1.51
- Barnes, L., & Edmonds, E. (2015). If it bleeds, it leads? Changing death coverage in the New Zealand Herald. Pacific Journalism Review, 21(2), 162. doi:10.24135/pjr.v21i2.126
- Barth, F. D. (2021) Reddit’s Herman Cain Covid ‘award’ is a depressing sign of our times. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/reddit-s-herman-cain-covid-award-depressing-sign-our-times-ncna1280616.
- Bishop, J. (2014). Representations of ‘trolls’ in mass media communication: A review of media-texts and moral panics relating to ‘internet trolling’. International Journal of Web Based Communities, 10(1), 7. doi:10.1504/IJWBC.2014.058384
- Brown, W. J., & Basil, M. D. (2010). Parasocial interaction and identification: Social change processes for effective Health interventions. Health Communication, 25(6–7), 601–602. doi:10.1080/10410236.2010.496830
- Brubaker, J. R., Hayes, G. R., & Dourish, P. (2013). Beyond the grave: Facebook as a site for the expansion of death and mourning. The Information Society, 29(3), 152–163. doi:10.1080/01972243.2013.777300
- Burns, R., & Crawford, C. (1999). School shootings, the media, and public fear: Ingredients for a moral panic. Crime, Law, & Social Change, 32(2), 147–168. doi:10.1023/A:1008338323953
- Driver, G. (2021) No laughing matter: Why it’s time to cancel Facebook’s haha reaction. Available at: https://thespinoff.co.nz/media/15-12-2021/no-laughing-matter-why-its-time-to-cancel-facebooks-haha-reaction.
- Freeman, C., Alhoori, H., & Shahzad, M. (2020). Measuring the diversity of Facebook reactions to research. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 4(GROUP), 1–17. doi:10.1145/3375192
- Frost, K., Frank, E., & Maibach, E. (1997). Relative risk in the news media: A quantification of misrepresentation. American Journal of Public Health, 87(5), 842–845. doi:10.2105/AJPH.87.5.842
- Ghaffar, H. A. (2018) Why I hate the laughing face reaction on Facebook, and other “laughable” ways of showing indifference and insensitivity. Available at: https://medium.com/@hudaghaffar/why-i-hate-the-laughing-face-reaction-on-facebook-cab5f09d90f1.
- Green, M. (2018) No comment! Why more news sites are dumping their comment sections. KQED. Available at: https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/29720/no-comment-why-a-growing-number-of-news-sites-are-dumping-their-comment-sections.
- Guynn, J. (2020) Need a hug during the coronavirus pandemic? Facebook is giving you one to share. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/04/17/facebook-messenger-coronavirus-new-hug-emoji-reaction-support-family-friends/5147510002/.
- Hanusch, F. (2008). Graphic death in the news media: Present or absent? Mortality, 13(4), 301–317. doi:10.1080/13576270802383840
- Hay, C., Meldrum, R., & Mann, K. (2010). Traditional bullying, cyber bullying, and deviance: A general strain theory approach. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 26(2), 130–147. doi:10.1177/1043986209359557
- Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 14(3), 206–221. doi:10.1080/13811118.2010.494133
- John, A., Glendenning, A. C., Marchant, A., Montgomery, P., Stewart, A., Wood, S., Lloyd, K., & Hawton, K. (2018). Self-harm, suicidal behaviours, and cyberbullying in children and young people: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(4), e129. doi:10.2196/jmir.9044
- Kaiser Family Foundation (2021) KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor: Media and Misinformation. Available at: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-media-and-misinformation/?utm_campaign=KFF-2021-polling-surveys&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=2&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9GML9cqLSoctrRMrrtNNrXq7pHcdJtchRMPpEVvhNpUhvrxck8FY39teBeSQ_kHSbHgigk9jCDSX-u5SVPsycQDwAkQQ&utm_content=2&utm_source=hs_email.
- Kearney, M. D., Chiang, S. C., & Massey, P. M. (2020). The Twitter origins and evolution of the COVID-19 “plandemic” conspiracy theory. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-42
- Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., & Schroeder, A. N., et al. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. doi:10.1037/a0035618
- Kuo, P. C., Alvarado, F. H. C., & Chen, Y.-S. (2018) Facebook reaction-based emotion classifier as cue for sarcasm detection. arXiv:1805.06510. arXiv. Available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.06510 (accessed 13 May 2022).
- Maier, S. R., Slovic, P., & Mayorga, M. (2017). Reader reaction to news of mass suffering: Assessing the influence of story form and emotional response. Journalism, 18(8), 1011–1029. doi:10.1177/1464884916663597
- Manfredi, M., Adorni, R., & Proverbio, A. M. (2014). Why do we laugh at misfortunes? An electrophysiological exploration of comic situation processing. Neuropsychologia, 61, 324–334. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.06.029
- March, E., & Marrington, J. (2019). A qualitative analysis of internet trolling. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 22(3), 192–197. doi:10.1089/cyber.2018.0210
- Marti-Garcia, C., Garcia-Caro, M. P., & Cruz-Quintana, F., et al. (2016). Emotional responses to images of death: A new category of emotional processing? OMEGA - Journal of Death & Dying, 72(3), 191–209. doi:10.1177/0030222815610955
- Merrill, J. B., & Oremus, W. (2021) Five points for anger, one for a ‘like’: How Facebook’s formula fostered rage and misinformation. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/10/26/facebook-angry-emoji-algorithm/.
- Moeller, S. D. (2002). Compassion fatigue. New York: Routledge.
- Neimeyer, R. A., Wittkowski, J., & Moser, R. P. (2004). Psychological research on death attitudes: An overview and evaluation. Death Studies, 28(4), 309–340. doi:10.1080/07481180490432324
- Nikora, L. W., Te Awekotuku, N., & Rua, M., et al. (2010). Tangihanga: The ultimate form of māori cultural expression-overview of a research programme. Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga.
- Pennington, N. (2013). You don’t De-friend the dead: An analysis of grief communication by college students through Facebook profiles. Death Studies, 37(7), 617–635. doi:10.1080/07481187.2012.673536
- Pew Research Center (2020) Majorities think the news media have done a good job overall covering COVID-19 but have exaggerated the risks. Available at: https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2020/03/18/u-s-public-sees-multiple-threats-from-the-coronavirus-and-concerns-are-growing/.
- Phillips, W. (2011) LOLing at Tragedy: Facebook Trolls, Memorial Pages and Resistance to Grief Online. First Monday. Available at: https://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/fm/article/download/3168/3115.
- Rosenblatt, P. C. 2007. Culture and socialization in death, grief, and mourning. In. D. Balk, C. Wogrin, G. Thornton (Eds.), Handbook of thanatology: The essential body of knowledge for the study of death, dying, and bereavement (p. 6). New York: Routledge.
- Suler, J. R., & Phillips, W. L. (1998). The bad boys of cyberspace: Deviant behavior in a multimedia chat community. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 275–294. doi:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.275
- Tian, L., Yan, Y., & Huebner, E. S. (2018). Effects of cyberbullying and cybervictimization on early adolescents’ mental Health: Differential mediating roles of perceived peer relationship stress. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 21(7), 429–436. doi:10.1089/cyber.2017.0735
- Walter, T. (2005). Three ways to arrange a funeral: Mortuary variation in the modern west. Mortality, 10(3), 173–192. doi:10.1080/13576270500178369
- Walter, T. (2015). New mourners, old mourners: Online memorial culture as a chapter in the history of mourning. New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 21(1–2), 10–24. doi:10.1080/13614568.2014.983555
- Walter, T., Littlewood, J., & Pickreing, M. (1995). Death in the news: The public invigilation of private emotion. Sociology, 29(4), 579–596. doi:10.1177/0038038595029004002
- Walters, D. (2018) The laughing face on Facebook is an A-hole. Available at: https://www.inlander.com/spokane/the-laughing-face-on-facebook-is-an-a-hole/Content?oid=9259590.
- Zuckerberg, M. (2014) Watch the full video of the second Q&A with Mark here. Available at: https://fb.watch/deAvkhDdK6/.