Assessment of the relationships among exhibition dimensions, expenditure, and evaluation: A study of five generations

References

• Abbey, J. (2015). Convention sales and services (9th ed.). Las Vegas, NV: Waterbury Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baloglu, S., & Love, C. (2001). Association meeting planners’ perceptions of five major convention cities: Results of the pre-test. Journal of Convention & Exhibition Management, 3(1), 21–30. doi:10.1300/J143v03n01_02
   Google Scholar
• Becton, J. B., Walker, H. J., & Jones-Farmer, A. (2014). Generational differences in workplace behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44(3), 175–189. doi:10.1111/jasp.12208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beldona, S., NUsair, K., & Demicco, F. (2009). Online travel purchase behavior of generational cohorts: A longitudinal study. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 18(4), 406–420. doi:10.1080/19368620902799627
   Google Scholar
• Boo, S., Koh, Y., & Jones, D. (2008). An exploration of attractiveness of convention cities based on visit behavior. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 9(4), 239–257. doi:10.1080/15470140802473622
   Google Scholar
• Breiter, D., & Milman, A. (2006). Attendees’ needs and service priorities in a large convention center: Application of the importance-performance theory. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1364–1370. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2005.09.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlotte Convention Center. (2019). Retrieved June 20, 2022, from http://www.charlotteconventionctr.com/.
   Google Scholar
• Charlotte Regional Visitors Authority. (2019). Retrieved June 18th, 2022, from http://www.crva.com.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, C. F. (2006). Applying the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach to convention site selection. Journal of Travel Research, 45(2), 167–174. doi:10.1177/0047287506291593
   Google Scholar
• Chiang, L., Manthiou, A., Tang, L., Shin, J., & Morrison, A. (2014). A comparative study of generational preferences for trip-planning resources: A case study of international tourists to Shanghai. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 15(1), 78–99. doi:10.1080/1528008X.2014.855536
   Google Scholar
• Cho, J. E., & Hu, H. (2009). The effect of service quality on trust and commitment varying across generations. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(4), 468–476. doi:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2009.00777.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, D., Holmes, K., Pforr, C., & Shanka, T. (2019). Implication of generational change: European river cruise and the emerging Gen X market. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 25(4), 418–431. doi:10.1177/1356766718814088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimock, M. (2019). Defining generations: Where Millennials end and generation Z begins. Retrieved July 12, 2020, from https://www.pewresearch.org.
   Google Scholar
• DiPietro, R. B., Breiter, D., Rompf, P., & Godlewska, M. (2008). An exploratory study of differences among meeting and exhibition planners in their destination selection criteria. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 9(4), 258–276. doi:10.1080/15470140802473689
   Google Scholar
• Fenich, G. G. (2001). Towards a conceptual framework for assessing community attractiveness for conventions. Journal of Convention & Exhibition Management, 3(1), 45–64. doi:10.1300/J143v03n01_04
   Google Scholar
• Fenich, G. G., Scott-Halsell, S., Ogbeide, G., & Hashimoto, K. (2014). What the Millennial generation from around the world prefers in their meetings, conventions, and events. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 15(3), 236–241. doi:10.1080/15470148.2014.929993
   Google Scholar
• Gardiner, S., Grace, D., & King, C. (2015). Is the Australian domestic holiday a thing of the past? Understanding baby boomer, Generation X and Generation Y perceptions and attitude to domestic and international holidays. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 21(4), 336–350. doi:10.1177/1356766715580188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardiner, S., Grace, D., & King, C. (2014). The Generation Effect: The Future of Domestic Tourism in Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 53(6), 705–720. doi:10.1177/0047287514530810
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Getz, D., O’ Neill, M., & Carlsen, J. (2001). Service quality evaluation at events through service mapping. Journal of Travel Research, 39(4), 380–390. doi:10.1177/004728750103900404
   Google Scholar
• Grado, S. C., Strauss, C. H., & Lord, B. E. (1998). Economic impacts of conferences and conventions. Journal of Convention & Exhibition Management, 1(1), 19–33. doi:10.1300/J143v01n01_03
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, H. (2016). How does meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions industry attract exhibitors? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(1), 73–93. doi:10.1080/10941665.2015.1016444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, X., Weber, K., & Bauer, T. (2013). Dimensions and perceptional differences of exhibition destination attractiveness: The case of china. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 37(4), 447–469. doi:10.1177/1096348012436382
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, M. (2005). Determinants of exhibition service quality as perceived by attendees. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 7(3-4), 85–98. doi:10.1300/J452v07n03_05
   Google Scholar
• Kang, M., Suh, S., & Jo, D. (2005). The competitiveness of international meeting destinations in Asia: Meeting planners’ versus buying centers’ perceptions. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 7(2), 57–85. doi:10.1300/J452v07n02_04
   Google Scholar
• Kasabov, E., & Hain, T. (2014). Cross-generational perceptions and reactions during service recovery. The Service Industries Journal, 34(1), 71–87. doi:10.1080/02642069.2013.763347
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley, S. W., & Turley, L. W. (2001). Consumer perceptions of service quality attributes at sporting events. Journal of Business Research, 54(2), 161–166. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00084-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K., & Severt, E. S. (2011). Visitor Satisfaction or Quality Comes First: Implications for Entertainment Management. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28(1), 81–96. doi:10.1080/10548408.2011.535445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K., & Jogaratnam, G. (2019). Analysis of the NASCAR Hall of Fame Exhibition Event: A generation-based market segmentation Approach. Event Management, 23(6), 913–926. doi:10.3727/152599518X15403853721312
   Google Scholar
• Kim, K., Sun, J., & Jogaratnam, G. (2019). An assessment of the Migrants’ Arirang Multicultural Festival in South Korea: A comparative study of migrant and local visitors. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 20(4), 325–350. doi:10.1080/15470148.2019.1652125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. S., Yoon, S., & Kim, Y. (2011). Competitive positioning among international convention cities in the East Asian Region. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 12(2), 86–105. doi:10.1080/15470148.2011.566760
   Google Scholar
• Leask, A., Fyall, A., & Barron, P. (2014). Generation Y: An agenda for future attraction research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(5), 462–471. doi:10.1002/jtr.1940
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, C., Lee, M., & Yoon, S. (2013). Estimating the economic impact of convention and exhibition businesses, using a regional Input-Output Model: A case study of the Daejeon convention center in South Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(4), 330–353. doi:10.1080/10941665.2012.658414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J., & Min, C. (2013). Examining the role of multidimensional value in convention attendee behavior. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 37(3), 402–425. doi:10.1177/1096348012436383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M. J., Lee, S., & Joo, Y. M. (2015). The effects of exhibition service quality on exhibitor satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24(7), 683–707. doi:10.1080/19368623.2014.934982
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M. J., Yeung, S., & Dewald, B. (2010). An exploratory study examining the determinants of attendance motivations as perceived by attendees at Hong Kong exhibitions. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 11(3), 195–208. doi:10.1080/15470148.2010.507135
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S. S., & Lee, C. H. (2014). An exploratory study of convention specific social media usage by attendees: Motivations and effect of generations on choice of convention information source and intention to use mobile application. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 15(2), 135–149. doi:10.1080/15470148.2013.862514
   Google Scholar
• Lin, C., & Lin, W. L. (2013). Exhibitor perspectives of exhibition service quality. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 14(4), 293–308. doi:10.1080/15470148.2013.837020
   Google Scholar
• Locke, M. (2010). A framework for conducting a situational analysis of the meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions sector. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 11(3), 209–233. doi:10.1080/15470148.2010.505473
   Google Scholar
• Mair, J., & Thompson, K. (2009). The UK association conference attendance decision-making process. Tourism Management, 30(3), 400–409. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier, T., Tavanti, M., Bombard, P., Gentile, M., & Bradford, B. (2015). Millennial generation perceptions of value-centered leadership principles. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 14(4), 382–397. doi:10.1080/15332845.2015.1008386
   Google Scholar
• McCabe, V. S. (2012). Developing and sustaining a quality workforce: Lessons from the convention and exhibition industry. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 13(2), 121–134. doi:10.1080/15470148.2012.673247
   Google Scholar
• McCartney, G. (2008). The CAT (casino tourism) and the MICE (meetings, incentives, conventions, exhibitions): Key development considerations for the convention and exhibition industry in Macao. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 9(4), 293–308. doi:10.1080/15470140802493380
   Google Scholar
• McHone, W. W., & Rungeling, B. (2000). Practical issues in measuring the impact of cultural tourist event in a major tourist destination. Journal of Travel Research, 38(3), 300–303. doi:10.1177/004728750003800313
   Google Scholar
• Merritt, R., Kline, C., Crawford, A., Viren, P., & Dilworth, G. (2018). Vacation activity preferences: An examination of generational differences across psychographic categories employing Plog’s model. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 36(4), 55–71. doi:10.18666/JPRA-2018-V36-I4-8891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NASCAR Hall of Fame. (2019). Retrieved June 20th, 2019, from www.nascarhall.com.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholas, A. J. (2009). Generational perceptions: Workers and consumers. Journal of Business and Economics Research, 7(10), 47–52.
   Google Scholar
• Ogbeide, G.-C., & Jackson-Macon, I. (2020). Generation Y and Z destination attractiveness attributes. Events and Tourism Review, 3(1), 13–26. doi:10.18060/24220
   Google Scholar
• Ogbeide, G. C. (2022). Generation Y and Z perceptions of hospitality self-service technology. Events and Tourism Review, 5(2), 30–38. doi:10.18060/26827
   Google Scholar
• Ogbeide, G. C., Fenich, G. G., Scott-Halsell, S., & Kesterson, K. (2013). Communication preferences for attracting the millennial generation to attend meetings. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 14(4), 331–344. doi:10.1080/15470148.2013.843480
   Google Scholar
• Oppermann, M. (1996). Convention destination image: Analysis of association meeting planners’perceptions. Tourism Management, 17(3), 175–182. doi:10.1016/0261-5177(96)00004-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlowski, M., Murphy, K. S., & Severt, D. (2017). Commitment and conflict in the restaurant industry: Perceptions from the Generation Y viewpoint. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 20(2), 218–237. doi:10.1080/15378020.2016.1206772
   Google Scholar
• Park, J., Wu, B., Shen, Y., Morrison, A. M., & Kong, Y. (2014). The great halls of China? Meeting planners’ perceptions of Beijing as an international convention destination. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 15(4), 244–270. doi:10.1080/15470148.2014.961669
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2019). Millennials stand out for their technology use, but older generations also embrace digital life. (September 9, (2019). https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/09/09/us-generations-technology-use/. Accessed November 16, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, L. S., & Callan, R. J. (2005). UK conference delegates’ cognizance of the importance of venue selection attributes. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 7(1), 77–95. doi:10.1300/J452v07n01_06
   Google Scholar
• Schullery, N. M. (2013). Workplace engagement and generational differences in values. Business Communication Quarterly, 76(2), 252–265. doi:10.1177/1080569913476543
   Google Scholar
• Scott, S., Ogbeide, G. C., & Fenich, G. G. (2020). Millennial subgroups’ attendance and participation in events. Event Management, 24(2), 361–373. doi:10.3727/152599518X15403853721286
   Google Scholar
• Severt, K., Fjelstul, J., & Breiter, D. (2013). Information communication technologies: Usages and preferences of generation Y students and meeting professionals. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 14(2), 124–143. doi:10.1080/15470148.2013.781487
   Google Scholar
• Severt, D., Wang, Y., Chen, P., & Breiter, D. (2007). Examining the motivation, perceived performance, and behavioral intentions of convention attendees: Evidence from a regional conference. Tourism Management, 28(2), 399–408. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim, S., Gehrt, K. C., & Siek, M. (2005). Attitude and behavior regarding pleasure travel among mature consumers. A socialization perspective. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 18(2), 69–81. doi:10.1300/J073v18n02_06
   Google Scholar
• Solnet, D., & Kralj, A. (2011). Generational differences in work attitudes: Evidence from the hospitality industry. FIU Review, 29(2), 37–54.
   Google Scholar
• Sox, C. B., Benjamin, S., Carpenter, J., & Strick, S. (2013). An exploratory study of meeting planners and conference attendees’ perceptions of sustainable issues in convention centers. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 14(2), 144–161. doi:10.1080/15470148.2013.787662
   Google Scholar
• Stoel, L., Wickliffe, V., & Lee, K. H. (2004). Attribute beliefs and spending as antecedents to shopping value. Journal of Business Research, 57(10), 1067–1073. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(03)00016-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanford, S., Montgomery, R., & Nelson, K. B. (2012). Factors that influence attendance, satisfaction, and loyalty for conventions. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 13(4), 290–318. doi:10.1080/15470148.2012.728975
   Google Scholar
• Wan, Y. K. P. (2011). Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of Macao as an attractive meeting and convention destination: Perspectives of key informants. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 12(2), 129–151. doi:10.1080/15470148.2011.565704
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., Lee, M. J., & Huh, C. (2017). Exploring Chinese outbound exhibitors’ motivational factors and characteristics to U.S. exhibition market. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(8), 850–862. doi:10.1080/10941665.2017.1343741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Y., & Huang, Y. (2013). The impact of food quality on foodservice satisfaction at international conferences. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 14(3), 252–269. doi:10.1080/15470148.2013.815593
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield, J., Dioko, L. D. A. N., Webber, D., & Zhang, L. (2014). Attracting convention and exhibition attendance to complex MICE venues: Emerging data from Macao. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(2), 169–179. doi:10.1002/jtr.1911
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, A., & Weber, K. (2005). Convention center facilities, attributes and services: The delegates’ perspectives. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 10(4), 399–410. doi:10.1080/10941660500363736
   Google Scholar
• Young, S. J., Sturts, J. R., Ross, C. M., & Kim, K. T. (2013). Generational differences and job satisfaction in leisure services. Managing Leisure, 18(2), 152–170. doi:10.1080/13606719.2013.752213
   Google Scholar
• Zhan, F., Luo, W., & Luo, J. (2020). Exhibition attachment: Effects on customer satisfaction, complaints and loyalty. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(6), 678–691. doi:10.1080/10941665.2020.1754261
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., Qu, H., & Ma, J. (2010). Examining the relationship of exhibition attendees’ satisfaction and expenditure: The case of two major exhibitions in China. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 11(2), 100–118. doi:10.1080/15470141003794972
   Google Scholar