526
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

A patch filling method for thematic map refinement: a case study on forest cover mapping in the Greater Mekong Subregion and Malaysia

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, &
Article: 2252225 | Received 30 Mar 2023, Accepted 22 Aug 2023, Published online: 05 Sep 2023

References

  • Anderson, W., and T. Johnson. 2016. “Evaluating Global Land Degradation Using Ground-Based Measurements and Remote Sensing.” In Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement-A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development, 85–21. Springer press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19168-3_5.
  • Andrew, M. E., M. A. Wulder, and T. A. Nelson. 2014. “Potential Contributions of Remote Sensing to Ecosystem Service Assessments.” Progress in Physical Geography 38 (3): 328–353. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133314528942.
  • Asner, G. P. 2001. “Cloud Cover in Landsat Observations of the Brazilian Amazon.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 22 (18): 3855–3862. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160010006926.
  • Bonan, G. B. 2008. “Forests and Climate Change: Forcings, Feedbacks, and the Climate Benefits of Forests.” Science 320 (5882): 1444–1449. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155121.
  • Bond, I. 2009. “Incentives to Sustain Forest Ecosystem Services: A Review and Lessons for REDD.” International Institute for Environment and Development 1–44.
  • Chen, J., A. Liao, X. Cao, and L. Chen, X. , C. He, et al. 2015. “Global Land Cover Mapping at 30 M Resolution: A POK-based Operational Approach.” Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing 103: 7–27. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.09.002.
  • Costenbader, J., J. Broadhead, Y. Yasmi, and P. B. Durst. 2015. Drivers Affecting Forest Change in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): An Overview. Rome: FAO.
  • De Bruyn, M., B. Stelbrink, R. J. Morley, R. Hall, G. R. Carvalho, C. H. Cannon, G. van den Bergh, et al. 2014. “Borneo and Indochina are Major Evolutionary Hotspots for Southeast Asian Biodiversity.” Systematic Biology 63 (6): 879–901. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu047.
  • Dong, J., X. Xiao, B. Chen, N. Torbick, C. Jin, G. Zhang, and C. Biradar. 2013. “Mapping Deciduous Rubber Plantations Through Integration of PALSAR and Multi-Temporal Landsat Imagery.” Remote Sensing of Environment 134:392–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.03.014.
  • Drusch, M., U. Del Bello, S. Carlier, O. Colin, V. Fernandez, F. Gascon, B. Hoersch, et al. 2012. “Sentinel-2: Esa’s Optical High-Resolution Mission for GMES Operational Services.” Remote Sensing of Environment 120:25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.026.
  • Estoque, R. C., M. Ooba, V. Avitabile, Y. Hijioka, R. DasGupta, T. Togawa, and Y. Murayama. 2019. “The Future of Southeast Asia’s Forests.” Nature Communications 10 (1): 1829. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09646-4.
  • Ganguly, S., M. A. Friedl, B. Tan, X. Zhang, and M. Verma. 2010. “Land Surface Phenology from MODIS: Characterization of the Collection 5 Global Land Cover Dynamics Product.” Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (8): 1805–1816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.04.005.
  • Giri, C., E. Ochieng, L. L. Tieszen, Z. Zhu, A. Singh, T. Loveland, J. Masek, and N. Duke. 2011. “Status and Distribution of Mangrove Forests of the World Using Earth Observation Satellite Data.” Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (1): 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x.
  • Gómez, C., J. C. White, and M. A. Wulder. 2016. “Optical Remotely Sensed Time Series Data for Land Cover Classification: A Review.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 116:55–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.008.
  • Gong, P., H. Liu, M. Zhang, C. Li, J. Wang, H. Huang, N. Clinton, et al. 2019. “Stable Classification with Limited Sample: Transferring a 30-M Resolution Sample Set Collected in 2015 to Mapping 10-M Resolution Global Land Cover in 2017.” Science Bulletin 64 (6): 370–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.03.002.
  • Griffiths, P., C. Nendel, and P. Hostert. 2019. “Intra-Annual Reflectance Composites from Sentinel-2 and Landsat for National-Scale Crop and Land Cover Mapping.” Remote Sensing of Environment 220:135–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.10.031.
  • Hansen, M. C., S. V. Stehman, P. V. Potapov, T. R. Loveland, J. R. Townshend, R. S. DeFries, K. W. Pittman, et al. 2008. “Humid Tropical Forest Clearing from 2000 to 2005 Quantified by Using Multitemporal and Multiresolution Remotely Sensed Data.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (27): 9439–9444. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804042105.
  • Han, Z., and W. Song. 2022. “Interannual Trends of Vegetation and Responses to Climate Change and Human Activities in the Great Mekong Subregion.” Global Ecology and Conservation 38:e02215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02215.
  • He, B., X. Wu, K. Liu, Y. Yao, W. Chen, and W. Zhao. 2022. “Trends in Forest Greening and Its Spatial Correlation with Bioclimatic and Environmental Factors in the Greater Mekong Subregion from 2001 to 2020.” Remote Sensing 14 (23): 5982. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235982.
  • Huete, A. R., and S. R. Saleska. 2010. “Remote Sensing of Tropical Forest Phenology: Issues and Controversies.” International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, Kyoto Japan 38:539–542.
  • Hughes, A. C. 2017. “Understanding the Drivers of Southeast Asian Biodiversity Loss.” Ecosphere 8 (1): e01624. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1624.
  • Jones, I. J., A. J. MacDonald, S. R. Hopkins, A. J. Lund, Z. Y. Liu, N. I. Fawzi, M. P. Purba, et al. 2020. “Improving Rural Health Care Reduces Illegal Logging and Conserves Carbon in a Tropical Forest.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (45): 28515–28524. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009240117.
  • Ju, J., D. P. Roy, Y. Shuai, and C. Schaaf. 2010. “Development of an Approach for Generation of Temporally Complete Daily Nadir MODIS Reflectance Time Series.” Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.05.022.
  • Kayiranga, A., B. Chen, H. Zhang, W. Nthangeni, S. Measho, and F. Ndayisaba. 2021. “Spatially Explicit and Multiscale Ecosystem Shift Probabilities and Risk Severity Assessments in the Greater Mekong Subregion Over Three Decades.” Science of the Total Environment 798:149281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149281.
  • Leinenkugel, P., M. L. Wolters, N. Oppelt, and C. Kuenzer. 2015. “Tree Cover and Forest Cover Dynamics in the Mekong Basin from 2001 to 2011.” Remote Sensing of Environment 158:376–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.021.
  • Li, P., Z. Feng, and C. Xiao. 2018. “Acquisition Probability Differences in Cloud Coverage of the Available Landsat Observations Over Mainland Southeast Asia from 1986 to 2015.” International Journal of Digital Earth 11 (5): 437–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2017.1327619.
  • Li, Z. Y., Y. Pang, and C. Q. Huang. 2012. “Introduction of Forest Cover and Carbon Mapping in the Greater Mekong Subregion and Malaysia Project.” Proceedings on 33rd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Pattaya, Thailand, November 26-30.
  • MacDicken, K. G., P. Sola, J. E. Hall, C. Sabogal, M. Tadoum, and C. de Wasseige. 2015. “Global Progress Toward Sustainable Forest Management.” Forest Ecology and Management 352:47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.02.005.
  • Maskell, G., A. Chemura, H. Nguyen, C. Gornott, and P. Mondal. 2021. “Integration of Sentinel Optical and Radar Data for Mapping Smallholder Coffee Production Systems in Vietnam.” Remote Sensing of Environment 266:112709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112709.
  • Mayes, M. T., J. F. Mustard, and J. M. Melillo. 2015. “Forest Cover Change in Miombo Woodlands: Modeling Land Cover of African Dry Tropical Forests with Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis.” Remote Sensing of Environment 165:203–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.05.006.
  • Meng, S. L., Y. Pang, C. Q. Huang, and Z. Y. Li. 2023. “A Multi-Factor Weighting Method for Improved Clear View Compositing Using All Available Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 Images in Google Earth Engine.” Journal of Remote Sensing.
  • Michon, G., H. De Foresta, P. Levang, and F. Verdeaux. 2007. “Domestic Forests: A New Paradigm for Integrating Local communities’ Forestry into Tropical Forest Science.” Ecology and Society 12 (2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02058-120201.
  • Miettinen, J., H. J. Stibig, and F. Achard. 2014. “Remote Sensing of Forest Degradation in Southeast Asia-Aiming for a Regional View Through 5-30 M Satellite Data.” Global Ecology and Conservation 2:24–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2014.07.007.
  • Pang, Y., K. B. Huang, and Z. Y. Li. 2011. “Forest Aboveground Biomass Analysis Using Remote Sensing in the Greater Mekong Subregion.” Resources Science 33 (10): 1863–1869.
  • Poortinga, A., K. Tenneson, A. Shapiro, Q. Nquyen, K. San Aung, F. Chishtie, and D. Saah. 2019. “Mapping Plantations in Myanmar by Fusing Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 Data Along with Systematic Error Quantification.” Remote Sensing 11 (7): 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070831.
  • Potapov, P. V., M. C. Hansen, A. Pickens, A. Hernandez-Serna, A. Tyukavina, S. Turubanova, V. Zalles, et al. 2022. “The Global 2000-2020 Land Cover and Land Use Change Dataset Derived from the Landsat Archive: First Results.” Frontiers in Remote Sensing 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.856903.
  • Potapov, P. V., S. A. Turubanova, M. C. Hansen, B. Adusei, M. Broich, A. Altstatt, L. Mane, and C. O. Justice. 2012. “Quantifying Forest Cover Loss in Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2000-2010, with Landsat ETM+ Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 122:106–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.027.
  • Prentice, I. C., G. D. Farquhar, M. J. R. Fasham, M. L. Goulden, M. Heimann, V. J. Jaramillo, H. S. Kheshgi, et al. 2001. “The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide.” Climate change 2001: the scientific basis, Intergovernmental panel on climate change hal-03333974.
  • Pungkul, S., C. Suraswasdi, and V. Phonekeo. 2014. “Implementation of Forest Cover and Carbon Mapping in the Greater Mekong Subregion and Malaysia Project-A Case Study of Thailand.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 18 (1): 012141. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/18/1/012141.
  • Rowcroft, P. 2008. “Frontiers of Change: The Reasons Behind Land-Use Change in the Mekong Basin.” AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 37 (3): 213–218. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447(2008)37[213:FOCTRB]2.0.CO;2.
  • Roy, D. P., J. Ju, K. Kline, P. L. Scaramuzza, V. Kovalskyy, M. Hansen, T. R. Loveland, E. Vermote, and C. Zhang. 2010. “Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD): Landsat ETM+ Composited Mosaics of the Conterminous United States.” Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (1): 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.011.
  • Sarzynski, T., X. Giam, L. Carrasco, and J. S. H. Lee. 2020. “Combining Radar and Optical Imagery to Map Oil Palm Plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia, Using the Google Earth Engine.” Remote Sensing 12 (7): 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071220.
  • Senga, K. 2004. Greater Mekong Subregion Atlas of the Environment. Metro Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
  • Smith, T. F., D. C. Thomsen, S. Gould, K. Schmitt, and B. Schlegel. 2013. “Cumulative Pressures on Sustainable Livelihoods: Coastal Adaptation in the Mekong Delta.” Sustainability 5 (1): 228–241. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5010228.
  • Sodhi, N. S., L. P. Koh, R. Clements, T. C. Wanger, J. K. Hill, K. C. Hamer, Y. Clough, T. Tscharntke, M. R. C. Posa, and T. M. Lee. 2010. “Conserving Southeast Asian Forest Biodiversity in Human-Modified Landscapes.” Biological Conservation 143 (10): 2375–2384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.029.
  • Stibig, H. J., F. Achard, S. Carboni, R. Raši, and J. Miettinen. 2014. “Change in Tropical Forest Cover of Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2010.” Biogeosciences 11 (2): 247–258. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-247-2014.
  • Stibig, H. J., F. Stolle, R. Dennis, and C. Feldkötter. 2007. “Forest Cover Change in Southeast Asia-The Regional Pattern.” JRC Scientific and Technical Reports 22896.
  • Townshend, J. R., J. G. Masek, C. Huang, E. F. Vermote, F. Gao, S. Channan, J. Sexton, et al. 2012. “Global Characterization and Monitoring of Forest Cover Using Landsat Data: Opportunities and Challenges.” International Journal of Digital Earth 5 (5): 373–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2012.713190.
  • Wells, K., E. K. Kalko, M. B. Lakim, and M. Pfeiffer. 2007. “Effects of Rain Forest Logging on Species Richness and Assemblage Composition of Small Mammals in Southeast Asia.” Journal of Biogeography 34 (6): 1087–1099. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01677.x.
  • White, J. C., M. A. Wulder, G. W. Hobart, J. E. Luther, T. Hermosilla, P. Griffiths, N. C. Coops, et al. 2014. “Pixel-Based Image Compositing for Large-Area Dense Time Series Applications and Science.” Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 40 (3): 192–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2014.945827.
  • Wilcove, D. S., X. Giam, D. P. Edwards, B. Fisher, and L. P. Koh. 2013. “Navjot’s Nightmare Revisited: Logging, Agriculture, and Biodiversity in Southeast Asia.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28 (9): 531–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2013.04.005.
  • Woodcock, C. E., R. Allen, M. Anderson, A. Belward, R. Bindschadler, W. Cohen, F. Gao, et al. 2008. “Free Access to Landsat Imagery.” Science 320 (5879): 1011–1011. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.320.5879.1011a.
  • Wulder, M. A., N. C. Coops, D. P. Roy, J. C. White, and T. Hermosilla. 2018. “Land Cover 2.0.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 39 (12): 4254–4284. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1452075.
  • Wulder, M. A., J. G. Masek, W. B. Cohen, T. R. Loveland, and C. E. Woodcock. 2012. “Opening the Archive: How Free Data Has Enabled the Science and Monitoring Promise of Landsat.” Remote Sensing of Environment 122:2–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.010.
  • Zhang, X., L. Liu, X. Chen, Y. Gao, S. Xie, and J. Mi. 2021. “GLC_FCS30: Global Land-Cover Product with Fine Classification System at 30 M Using Time-Series Landsat Imagery.” Earth System Science Data 13 (6): 2753–2776. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2753-2021.
  • Zhu, Z., C. E. Woodcock, C. Holden, and Z. Yang. 2015. “Generating Synthetic Landsat Images Based on All Available Landsat Data: Predicting Landsat Surface Reflectance at Any Given Time.” Remote Sensing of Environment 162:67–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.009.
  • Zhu, Z., M. A. Wulder, D. P. Roy, C. E. Woodcock, M. C. Hansen, V. C. Radeloff, S. P. Healey, et al. 2019. “Benefits of the Free and Open Landsat Data Policy.” Remote Sensing of Environment 224:382–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.02.016.