57
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Intergroup Relations and Muslims’ Mental Health in Western Societies: Australia as a Case Study

, &
Pages 160-193 | Published online: 14 Jun 2010

REFERENCES

  • Adams , M. 2009 . “ Muslims in Canada: Findings from the 2007 Environics Survey ” . Retrieved October 5, 2009, from http://www.policyresearch.gc.ca/page.asp?pagenm=2009-2008_06
  • Ali , S. R. 2006 . “ Psychology and Sunni Muslims ” . In The psychologies in religion: Working with the religious client , Edited by: Dowd , E. T. and Nielsen , S. L. 221 – 236 . New York : Springer .
  • Allen , C. and Nielsen , J. S. 2002 . Summary report on Islamophobia in the EU since 11 September 2001 Retrieved March 31, 2008, from http://www.raxen.eumc.eu.int/1/webmill.php?s_id=32813&dlocale=677894680&lin=detail&s_displayed=677894680
  • Allport , G. W. 1954 . The nature of prejudice , Cambridge, MA : Addison-Wesley .
  • Amer , M. M. and Hood , R. W. Jr. 2007 . Introduction to thematic issues on Islamic religiosity: Measures and mental health . Journal of Muslim Mental Health , 2 : 109 – 111 .
  • Amer , M. M. and Hovey , J. D. 2007 . Socio-demographic differences in acculturation and mental health for a sample of 2nd generation/early immigrant Arab Americans . Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health , 9 : 335 – 347 .
  • Amir , Y. 1969 . Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations . Psychological Bulletin , 71 : 319 – 342 .
  • Annan , K. 2004, December 7 . Confronting Islamophobia: Education for tolerance and understanding , [United Nations Press Release, SG/SM 9637, HR/4892, PI/1627] . Retrieved March 31, 2008, from http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/sgsm9637.doc.htm
  • Asmar , C. 2005 . Internationalising students: Reassessing diasporic and local student difference . Studies in Higher Education , 30 : 291 – 309 .
  • Asmar , C. , Proude , E. and Inge , L. 2004 . “Unwelcome sisters?” An analysis of findings from a study of how Muslim women (and Muslim men) experience university . Australian Journal of Education , 48 : 47 – 63 .
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics . 2006 . 2006 Census data Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://www.abs.gov.au/
  • Australian Education International . 2005 . 2005 International student enrolments Retrieved April 15, 2008, from http://aei.dest.gov.au/AEI/MIP/Statistics/StudentEnrolmentAndVisaStatistics/Recent.htm
  • Australian Education International . 2009 . Export income to Australia from education services in 2008 Retrieved May 20, 2009, from http://www.aei.dest.gov.au/AEI/PublicationsAndResearch/Default.htm
  • Awad , G. H. and Ladhani , S. 2007 . Review of counselling and psychotherapy with Arabs and Muslims: A culturally sensitive approach . Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , 13 : 374 – 375 .
  • Battye , J. M. and Mak , A. S. 2008 . “ Intercultural communication barriers, contact dimensions and attitude towards international students ” . In Proceedings of the 43rd Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference Edited by: Voudouris , N. and Mrowinski , V. 21 – 25 . Melbourne, Australia: Australian Psychological Society.
  • Bean , R. 2008 . “ Developing cultural competence: Challenges and strategic directions ” . In The 2008 Embracing Diversity Symposium: The practice of inclusion Retrieved November 19, 2008, from http://www.multilink.org.au/documents/embracing-diversity-symposium/embracing_diversity_keynote_2008.pdf
  • Berry , J. W. 1990 . “ Psychology of acculturation: Understanding individuals moving between cultures ” . In Applied cross-cultural psychology , Edited by: Brislin , R. W. 232 – 253 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Berry , J. W. 1999 . Intercultural relations in plural societies . Canadian Psychology , 40 : 12 – 21 .
  • Berry , J. W. 2001 . A psychology of immigration . Journal of Social Issues , 57 : 615 – 631 .
  • Berry , J. W. 2005 . Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 29 : 697 – 712 .
  • Berry , J. W. 2006 . Mutual attitudes among immigrants and ethnocultural groups in Canada . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 30 ( 6 ) : 719 – 734 .
  • Berry , J. W. , Kalin , R. and Taylor , D. M. 1977 . Multiculturalism and ethnic attitudes in Canada , Ottawa, , Canada : Ministry of Supply and Services .
  • Berry , J. W. , Phinney , J. S. , Sam , D. L. and Vedder , P. , eds. 2006 . Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation across national contexts , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Berry , J. W. and Sam , D. L. 2003 . Accuracy in scientific discourse . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 44 : 65 – 68 .
  • Bochner , S. , ed. 1982 . The social psychology of cross-cultural relations , Oxford, , England : Pergamon Press .
  • Bochner , S. 1986 . Coping with unfamiliar cultures: Adjustment or culture learning? . Australian Journal of Psychology , 38 : 347 – 358 .
  • Brown , R. and Hewstone , M. 2005 . “ An integrative theory of intergroup contact ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Zanna , M. P. Vol. 37 , 255 – 343 . San Diego, CA : Elsevier .
  • Chossudovsky , M. 2008, September 18 . “ Global financial meltdown. Centre for Research on Globalization ” . Retrieved December 24, 2008, from http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=10268
  • Constantine , M. G. , Okazaki , S. and Utsey , S. O. 2004 . Self-concealment, social self-efficacy, acculturative stress, and depression in African, Asian, and Latin American international college students . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 74 : 230 – 241 .
  • Council on American-Islamic Relations . 2008 . “ CAIR thanks Fox for Simpsons episode challenging Islamophobia ” . Retrieved December 26, 2008, from http://www.cair.com/ArticleDetails.aspx?mid1=777&&ArticleID=25611&&name=n&&currPage=16
  • Cregan , J. 2007, December 22 . “ Fears of another race riot over Islamic school ” . Macquarie National News . Retrieved June 6, 2008, from http://www.livenews.com.au/Articles/2007/12/22/Fears_of_another_race_riot_over_Islamic_school
  • Cregan , J. and Varcoe , N. 2007, December 19 . “ Pig's eye: Protests over Islamic school continue ” . Macquarie National News . Retrieved June 6, 2008, from http://www.livenews.com.au/Articles/2007/12/19/Pigs_eye_Protests_over_Islamic_school_continue
  • Daneshpour , M. 1998 . Muslim families and family therapy . Journal of Marital and Family Therapy , 24 : 355 – 368 .
  • Dao , T. K. , Lee , D. and Chang , H. L. 2007 . Acculturation level, perceived English fluency, perceived social support level, and depression among Taiwanese international students . College Student Journal , 41 : 287 – 295 .
  • DeLongis , A. , Folkman , S. and Lazarus , R. S. 1988 . The impact of daily stress on health and mood: Psychological and social resources as mediators . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 486 – 495 .
  • Department of Immigration and Citizenship . n.d. . Living in Harmony Retrieved November 25, 2008, from http://www.harmony.gov.au/
  • Dixon , J. A. and Durheim , L. L. 2003 . Contact and the ecology of racial division: Some varieties of information segregation . British Journal of Social Psychology , 42 : 1 – 23 .
  • Douki , S. , Zineb , S. B. , Nacef , F. and Halbreich , U. 2007 . Women's mental health in the Muslim world: Cultural, religious, and social issues . Journal of Affective Disorders , 102 ( 1–3 ) : 177 – 189 .
  • Dover , H. , Miner , M. and Dowson , M. 2007 . The nature and structure of Muslim religious reflection . Journal of Muslim Mental Health , 2 : 189 – 210 .
  • Dunn , K. M. , Forrest , J. , Burnley , I. and McDonald , A. 2004 . Constructing racism in Australia . Australian Journal of Social Issues , 39 : 409 – 430 .
  • Dunn , K. M. , Klocker , N. and Salabay , T. 2007 . Contemporary racism and Islamaphobia in Australia: Racializing religion . Ethnicities , 7 : 564 – 589 .
  • Esses , V. M. , Dovidio , J. F. , Jackson , L. M. and Armstrong , I. L. 2001 . The immigration dilemma: The role of perceived group competition, ethnic predjudice, and national identity . Journal of Social Issues , 57(3) : 389 – 412 .
  • Esses , V. M. , Jackson , L. M. and Armstrong , T. L. 1998 . Intergroup competition and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration: An instrumental model . Journal of Social Issues , 54 : 699 – 724 .
  • European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia . 2006 . Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia Retrieved March 31, 2008, from http://fra.europa.eu/fra/material/pub/muslim/Manifestations_EN.pdf
  • Fernando , S. 1993 . Racism and xenophobia . Innovation in Social Sciences Research , 6 : 9 – 19 .
  • Finchilescu , G. , Tredoux , C. , Mynhardt , J. , Pillay , J. and Muianga , L. 2007 . Accounting for lack of inter-racial mixing amongst South African university students . South African Journal of Psychology , 37 : 720 – 737 .
  • Folkman , S. and Lazarus , R. S. 1988 . Coping as a mediator of emotion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 466 – 475 .
  • Folkman , S. , Lazarus , R. S. , Gruen , R. J. and DeLongis , A. 1986 . Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 50 : 571 – 579 .
  • Fritz , M. V. , Chin , D. and DeMarinis , V. 2008 . Stressors, anxiety, acculturation and adjustment among international and North American students . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 32(3) : 244 – 259 .
  • Furnham , A. and Bochner , S. 1982 . “ Social difficulty in a foreign culture: An empirical analysis of culture shock ” . In Cultures in contact: Studies in cross cultural interaction , Edited by: Bochner , S. 161 – 198 . New York : Pergamon Press .
  • Furnham , A. and Shiekh , S. 1993 . Gender, generational and social support correlates of mental health in Asian immigrants . International Journal of Social Psychiatry , 39 : 22 – 33 .
  • Galchenko , I. and van de Vijver , F. J. R. 2007 . The role of perceived cultural distance in the acculturation of exchange students in Russia . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 31 : 181 – 197 .
  • Ho , E. 2006 . “ Contemporary migration and settlement of Chinese migrants in New Zealand ” . In Experiences of transnational Chinese migrants in the Asia-Pacific , Edited by: Hibbins , D. Ip, R. and Chui , W. H. 41 – 57 . Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science .
  • Ho , E. , Au , S. , Bedford , C. and Cooper , J. 2002, November . Mental health issues for Asians in New Zealand: A literature review , Migration Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Waikato . Retrieved April 1, 2008, from http://www.mhc.govt.nz/publications/documents/show/50-mental-health-issues-for-asians-in-new-zealand-a-literature-review-november-2002-pdf-702kb
  • Ho , E. , Holmes , P. and Cooper , J. 2004 . Review and evaluation of international literature on managing cultural diversity in the classroom , Wellington : Ministry of Education and Education New Zealand .
  • Hopkins , N. , Greenwood , R. M. and Birchall , M. 2007 . Minorities understandings of the dynamics to inter-group contact encounters: British Muslims’ (sometimes ambivalent) experiences of representing their group to others . South African Journal of Psychology , 37 : 679 – 701 .
  • Islam , M. R. and Jahjah , M. 2001 . Predictors of young Australians’ attitudes toward aboriginals, Asians and Arabs . Social Behavior and Personality , 29 : 569 – 579 .
  • Issues Deliberation Australia/America . 2007, March 4 . Australia Deliberates: Muslims and non-Muslims in Australia (final report) Retrieved April 1, 2008, from http://www.ida.org.au/content.php?p=dpprelease
  • Jasinskaja-Lahti , I. , Liebkind , K. , Horenczyk , G. and Schmitz , P. 2003 . The interactive nature of acculturation: Perceived discrimination, acculturation attitudes and stress among young ethnic repatriates in Finland, Israel and Germany . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 27 : 79 – 97 .
  • Jasinskaja-Lahti , I. , Liebkind , K. , Jaakkola , M. and Reuter , A. 2006 . Perceived discrimination, social support networks, and psychological well-being among three immigrant groups . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 37 : 293 – 311 .
  • Jiali Ye , M. 2005 . Acculturative stress and use of the Internet among East Asian international students in the United States . Cyber Psychology and Behavior , 8 : 154 – 161 .
  • Jung , E. , Hecht , M. L. and Wadsworth , B. C. 2007 . The role of identity in international students’ psychological well-being in the United States: A model of depression level, identity gaps, discrimination, and acculturation . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 31 : 605 – 624 .
  • Kabir , N. 2007 . Muslims in Australia: The double edge of terrorism . Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 33 : 1277 – 1297 .
  • Kevin , M. D. , Natascha , K. and Tanya , S. 2007 . Contemporary racism and Islamaphobia in Australia: Racializing religion . Ethnicities , 7 : 564 – 589 .
  • Khawaja , N. G. 2007 . An investigation of the psychological distress of Muslim migrants in Australia . Journal of Muslim Mental Health , 2 : 39 – 56 .
  • Khawaja , N. G. and Lathopolous , P. 2008 . “ On the frontline: A qualitative study of mental health practice with culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) clients ” . In Combined Abstracts of 2008 Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference , Edited by: Voudovris , N. and Mrowinski , V. 154 Melbourne, Australia : Austraian Psychological Society .
  • Khawaja , N. G. and Rabello , M. 2007 . “ Multicultural competencies: A national survey of the Australian mental health professionals ” . In Combined Abstracts of 2007 Australian Psychology Conference. 42nd Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference , 297 – 298 . Melbourne, Australia : Australian Psychological Society .
  • Lambert-Patel , A. and Bright , Y. 2008, April 28 . “ Camden decision was racist: People of Greenacre speak out ” . Macquarie National News . Retrieved 6 June, 2008, from http://www.livenews.com.au/Articles/2008/05/28/Camden_decision_was_racist_People_of_Greenacre_tell_LIVENEWScomau
  • Lazarus , R. S. and Folkman , S. 1984 . Stress, appraisal, and coping , New York : Springer .
  • Lewis , S. 2006, February 24 . Costello urges migrant loyalty . The Australian , Retrieved April 1, 2008, from http://ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=200602241002713312&site=ehost-live
  • Lucchinelli , N. 2008, October 22 . Islamic school plan rejected again . ABC News , Retrieved December 3, 2008, from http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/22/2397732.htm
  • Mak , A. S. 2007 . “ Cross-cultural training for orientation student leaders ” . In Proceedings of the 42nd Australian Psychology Society Annual Conference , Edited by: Moore , K. 252 – 256 . Melbourne, Australia : Australian Psychological Society .
  • Mak , A. S. and Barker , M. C. 2004 . “ A social cognitive learning program for facilitating intercultural relations ” . In Progress in Asian social psychology , Edited by: Kashima , Y. , Endo , Y. , Kashima , E. S. , Leung , C. and McClure , J. Vol. 4 , 157 – 179 . Seoul : Kyoyook-Kwahak-Sa .
  • Mak , A. S. and Barker , M. C. 2006 . “ Social integration: Strategies to foster migrants’ effective participation in a group ” . In Prevention, protection and promotion: Proceedings of the 2nd International Asian Health and Wellbeing Conference , Edited by: Tse , S. , Hoque , M. E. , Rasanathan , K. , Chatterji , M. , Wee , R. , Garg , S. and Ratnasabapathy , Y. 147 – 155 . Auckland, New Zealand : University of Auckland .
  • Mak , A. S. and Barker , M. C. 2008 . “ Sociocultural competency training for migrants in a job placement program ” . In Proceedings of the 43rd Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference , Edited by: Voudouris , N. and Mrowinski , V. 199 – 203 . Melbourne, Australia : Australian Psychological Society .
  • Mak , A. S. , Barker , M. C. , Logan , G. and Millman , L. 1999 . “ Benefits of cultural diversity for international and local students: Contributions from an experiential social learning program ” . In International education: The professional edge , Edited by: Davis , D. and Olsen , A. 63 – 76 . Sydney : IDP Education Australia .
  • Mak , A. S. and Buckingham , K. 2007 . Beyond communication courses: Are there benefits in adding skills-based EXCELL™ Sociocultural Training? . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 31 : 277 – 291 .
  • Mak , A. S. , DePercy , M. and Kennedy , M. Experiential learning in multicultural classes for internationalising the student experience . Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Experiential Learning , Sydney, Australia : University of Technology, Sydney .
  • Mak , A. S. and Neil , A. L. 2006 . “ How does social contact with locals impact on mental health: Chinese background international students in Australia ” . In Prevention, protection and promotion: Proceedings of the 2nd International Asian Health and Wellbeing Conference , Edited by: Tse , S. , Hoque , M. E. , Rasanathan , K. , Chatterji , M. , Wee , R. , Garg , S. and Ratnasabapathy , Y. 124 – 132 . Melbourne, Australia : Australian Psychological Society .
  • Mak , A. S. and Nesdale , D. 2001 . Migrant distress: The role of perceived racial discrimination and coping resources . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 31 : 2632 – 2647 .
  • Mak , A. S. , Westwood , M. J. and Ishiyama , F. I. 1994 . Developing role-based social competencies for career search and development in Hong Kong immigrants . Journal of Career Development , 20 : 171 – 183 .
  • Mak , A. S. , Westwood , M. J. , Ishiyama , F. I. and Barker , M. C. 1999 . Optimising conditions for learning sociocultural competencies for success . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 23 : 77 – 90 .
  • Maley , P. 2008, December 22 . AFP faces greater scrutiny after bungled Haneef case . The Australian , Retrieved December 24, 2008, from http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,24897,24832002-601,00.html
  • Mark , D. 2005, April 10 . Muslims suffer rise in racism—Terror revisits Bali . The Australian , Retrieved March 1, 2008, from http://ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=200510051008077210&site=ehost-live
  • Maslen , G. 2001 . Racism in Australia . Times Higher Education Supplement , 1505 : 8
  • Mercer , P. 2008 . Muslim school plan provokes anger in Australia . Voice of America News , Retrieved December 3, 2008, from http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-12-03-voa7.cfm
  • “Mido blames FA for Islamophobic abuse.” . 2008 . FourFourTwo , Retrieved December 8, 2008, from http://au.fourfourtwo.com/news/90488,mido-blames-fa-for-islamophobic-abuse.aspx
  • Neil , A. L. and Mak , A. S. 2007 . “ Intercultural social factors in Asian-born international student's depressive symptoms ” . In Progress in Asian social psychology , Edited by: Liu , J. H. , Ward , C. , Bernardo , A. B. I. , Karasawa , M. and Fischer , R. Vol. 6 , 185 – 204 . Seoul : Kyoyook-Kwahak-Sa .
  • Noble , G. 2005 . The discomfort of strangers: Racism, incivility and ontological security in a relaxed and comfortable nation . Journal of Intercultural Studies , 26 ( 1–2 ) : 107 – 120 .
  • Pettigrew , T. F. 1998 . Intergroup contact theory . Annual Review of Psychology , 49 : 65 – 85 .
  • Pettigrew , T. F. 2008 . Future directions for intergroup contact theory and research . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 32 : 187 – 199 .
  • Pettigrew , T. F. , Christ , O. , Wagner , U. and Stellmacher , J. 2007 . Direct and indirect intergroup contact effects on prejudice: A normative interpretation . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 31 ( 4 ) : 411 – 425 .
  • Pettigrew , T. F. and Tropp , L. R. 2006 . A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 90 : 1 – 33 .
  • Pettigrew , T. F. and Tropp , L. R. 2008 . How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators . European Journal of Social Psychology , 38 : 922 – 934 .
  • Pew Research Center . 2006 . “ Conflicting views in a divided world—The great divide: How Westerners and Muslims view each other ” . Retrieved October 5, 2009, from http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/DividedWorld2006.pdf
  • Phinney , J. S. , Horenezyk , G. , Liebkind , K. and Vedder , P. 2001 . Ethnic identity, immigration, and well-being: An interactional perspective . Journal of Social Issues , 57 : 493 – 510 .
  • Pierce , J. 2008 . Muslims say protests over planned school are un-Australian . The Courier Mail , Retrieved December 7, 2008, from http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24741720-3102,00.html?referrer=email
  • Pollak , R. 2006 . The rumble down under . Nation , 282 : 20 – 21 . Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/issue/january-9-2006
  • Poynting , S. 2006 . What caused the Cronulla riot? . Race and Class , 48 ( 1 ) : 85 – 92 .
  • Poynting , S. and Mason , V. 2006 . “Tolerance, freedom, justice and peace”?: Britain, Australia and anti-Muslim racism since 11 September 2001 . Journal of Intercultural Studies , 27 : 365 – 391 .
  • Poynting , S. and Mason , V. 2007 . The resistible rise of Islamophobia . Journal of Sociology , 43 : 61 – 86 .
  • Poynting , S. and Noble , G. 2004 . Living with racism: The experience and reporting by Arab and Muslim Australians of discrimination, abuse and violence since 11 September 2001: Report to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission , Centre for Cultural Research, University of Western Sydney . Retrieved March 1, 2008, from http://www.humanrights.gov.au/racial_discrimination/isma/research/index.html
  • Price , M. 2006 . Costello steps up row over migrant values . The Australian , Retrieved March 1, 2008, from http://ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=200602271006544216&site=ehost-live
  • Quintec . 2008 . Cultural competence evidence Retrieved November 19, 2008, from http://www.londondeanery.ac.uk/var/equality-diversity/cultural-competence/files/cultural-competence-evidence.pdf
  • Rahman , O. and Rollock , D. 2004 . Acculturation, competence, and mental health among South Asian students in the United States . Journal of Multicultural Counselling and Development , 32 : 130 – 142 .
  • Rice , P. L. 1999 . Stress and health , 3rd ed. , Pacific Grove, CA : Brooks/Cole .
  • Rosenthal , D. , Bell , R. , Demetriou , A. and Efklides , A. 1989 . From collectivism to individualism? The acculturation of Greek immigrants in Australia . International Journal of Psychology , 24 : 57 – 71 .
  • Rudmin , F. W. 2003 . Critical history of the acculturation psychology of assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization . Review of General Psychology , 7 : 3 – 37 .
  • Rudmin , F. W. and Ahmadzadeh , V. 2001 . Psychometric critique of acculturation psychology: The case of Iranian migrants in Norway . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 42 : 41 – 56 .
  • Saeed , A. 2003 . Islam in Australia , New South Wales, , Australia : Allen & Unwin .
  • Sam , D. L. and Berry , J. W. 1995 . Acculturative stress and young immigrants in Norway . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 36 : 10 – 24 .
  • Sam , D. L. and Berry , J. W. , eds. 2006 . The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology , 1st ed. , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Searle , W. and Ward , C. 1990 . The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 14 : 449 – 464 .
  • Spencer-Oatey , H. and Zhaoning , X. 2006 . Chinese students’ psychological and sociocultural adjustments to Britain: An empirical study . Language, Culture and Curriculum , 19 : 37 – 53 .
  • Stanhope , J. 2005 . Muslim advisory council named Retrieved November 25, 2008, from http://www.chiefminister.act.gov.au/media.php?v=4011&m=51&s=34
  • Stephan , W. G. , Diaz-Loving , R. and Duran , A. 2000 . Integrated threat theory and intercultural attitudes: Mexico and the United States . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 31 : 240 – 249 .
  • Stephan , W. G. , Renfro , C. L. , Esses , V. M. , Stephan , C. W. and Martin , T. 2005 . The effects of feeling threatened on attitudes toward immigrants . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 29 : 1 – 19 .
  • Stephan , W. G. and Stephan , C. W. 1985 . Intergroup anxiety . Journal of Social Issues , 41 : 157 – 175 .
  • Stephan , W. G. and Stephan , C. W. 1996 . Intergroup relations , Madison, WI : Brown & Benchmark .
  • Stratton , D. 2008 . “ Intimate portrait of terror ” . In The Australian Retrieved December 6, 2008, from http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24600672-15803,00.html
  • Tajfel , H. and Turner , J. 1979 . “ An integrative theory of intergroup conflict ” . In The social psychology of intergroup relations , Edited by: Austin , W. G. and Worchel , S. 33 – 48 . Monterey, CA : Brooks/Cole .
  • Tajfel , H. and Turner , J. 1986 . “ The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour ” . In The social psychology of intergroup relations , Edited by: Austin , W. G. and Worchel , S. 7 – 24 . Chicago : Nelson-Hall .
  • Tredoux , C. and Finchilescu , G. 2007 . The contact hypothesis and intergroup relations 50 years on: Introduction to the special issue . South African Journal of Psychology , 37 : 667 – 678 .
  • Triandis , H. C. , Kashima , Y. , Shimada , E. and Villareal , M. 1986 . Acculturation indices as a means of confirming cultural differences . International Journal of Psychology , 21 : 43 – 70 .
  • Van Oudenhoven , J. P. , Ward , C. and Masgoret , A. M. 2006 . Patterns of relations between immigrants and host societies . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 30 : 637 – 651 .
  • “Vandals desecrate Muslim military graves in Northern France.” . 2008 . Voice of America News Retrieved April 7, 2008, from http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2008-04/2008-04-06-voa17.cfm
  • Vedder , P. , Sam , D. L. , van de Vijver , F. J. R. and Phinney , J. S. 2006 . “ Vietnamese and Turkish Immigrant Youth: Acculturation and Adaptation in Two Ethnocultural Groups ” . In Immigrant youth in cultural transition , Edited by: Berry , J. W. , Phinney , J. S. , Sam , D. L. and Vedder , P. 185 – 209 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Ward , C. 1996 . “ Acculturation ” . In Handbook of intercultural training , Edited by: Landis , D. and Bhagat , R. S. 124 – 147 . Thousand Oakes, CA : Sage .
  • Ward , C. , Bochner , S. and Furnham , A. , eds. 2001 . The psychology of culture shock , New York : Routledge .
  • Ward , C. and Kennedy , A. 1993 . Acculturation and cross-cultural adaptation of British residents in Hong Kong . Journal of Social Psychology , 133 : 395 – 397 .
  • Ward , C. and Kennedy , A. 1999 . The measurement of sociocultural adaptation . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 23 : 659 – 677 .
  • Ward , C. and Rana-Deuba , A. 2000 . Home and host culture influences on sojourner adjustment . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 24 : 291 – 306 .
  • Westwood , M. J. , Mak , A. S. , Barker , M. and Ishiyama , F. I. 2000 . Group procedures and applications for developing sociocultural competencies among immigrants . International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling , 22 : 317 – 330 .
  • “Why future Muslim migration to Australia must be halted urgently.” . 2005, Spring . National Observer 6 – 8 . Retrieved July 1, 2008, from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy1.canberra.edu.au/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=113&sid=0ecdbcef-a08b-4685-a9bd-9cb23198eb04%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=18587932#db=aph&AN=18587932
  • Wise , A. and Ali , J. 2008 . “ Muslim-Australians and local government: Grassroots strategies to improve relations between Muslim and non-Muslim-Australians ” . Macquarie University: Centre for Research on Social Inclusion . Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/multicultural/grassroots/full-report.pdf
  • Zick , A. , Wagner , U. , van Dick , R. and Petzel , T. 2001 . Acculturation and prejudice in Germany: Majority and minority perspectives . Journal of Social Issues , 57 : 541

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.