Thiosemicarbazone Schiff base ligands and their complexes with nickel, palladium and platinum show anticancer and antibacterial activities

References

• Arafath MA, Adam F, Ahamed MB, et al. Ni (II), Pd (II) and Pt (II) complexes with SNO-group thiosemicarbazone and DMSO: synthesis, characterization, DFT, molecular docking and cytotoxicity. J Mol Struc. 2023;1278:134887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arafath MA, Adam F, Razali MR, et al. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer studies of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with Schiff base derived from N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-nitrobenzaldehyde. J Mol Struc. 2017;1130:791–798.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff H. Mittheilungen aus dem Universitätslaboratorium in Pisa: eine neue Reihe organischer Basen. Justus Liebigs Ann Chem. 1864;131:118–119.
   Google Scholar
• Patai S. Chemistry of the carbon-nitrogen double bond. New York (NY): Wiley; 1970.
   Google Scholar
• Trost BM, Fleming I. Comprehensive organic synthesis: selectivity, strategy, and efficiency in modern organic chemistry. Vol. 8. [Place Unknown]: Elsevier; 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Whitesell JK. Comprehensive organic synthesis: In comprehensive organic synthesis. Oxford: Publisher unknown; 1991; p. 703–732.
   Google Scholar
• Vigato P A, Tamburini S. The challenge of cyclic and acyclic schiff bases and related derivatives. Coord Chem Rev. 2004;248:1717–2128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman W, Mock W, Cucurbituril SN. J American Chem Soc. 1981;103:7367–7368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanifehpour Y, Mirtamizdoust B, Khomami B, et al. Effects of halogen bonding in chemical activity of lead(II) electron pair: sonochemical synthesis, structural studies, and thermal analysis of novel lead(II) nano coordination polymer. Zeits für Anorgani Allgeme Chem. 2015;641:2466–2472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanifehpour Y, Mirtamizdoust B, Hatami M, et al. Synthesis and structural characterization of new bismuth(III) nano coordination polymer: a precursor to produce pure phase nano-sized bismuth(III) oxide. J Mol Struc. 2015;1091:43–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanifehpour Y, Mirtamizdoust B, Joo SW. Sonochemical synthesis and characterization of the new micro-hexagonal-rod lead(II)-azido coordination compound. J Inorg Organome Poly Mat. 2012;22:916–922.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanifehpour Y, Mirtamizdoust B, Morsali A, et al. Sonochemical syntheses of binuclear lead(II)-azido supramolecule with ligand 3, 4, 7, 8-tetramethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline as precursor for preparation of lead(II) oxide nanoparticles. Ultrason Sonochem. 2015;23:275–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh K, Barwa MS, Tyagi P. Synthesis and characterization of cobalt(II),: nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with Schiff base derived from 4-amino-3-mercapto-6-methyl-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazine. Europ J med Chem. 2007;42:394–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creaven BS, Duff B, Egan DA, et al. Anticancer and antifungal activity of copper(II) complexes of quinolin-2 (1H)-one-derived Schiff bases. Inorg Chimi Acta. 2010;363:4048–4058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong X, Wei HL, Liu WS, et al. The crystal structures of copper(II), manganese(II), and nickel(II) complexes of a (Z)-2-hydroxy-N′-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)benzohydrazide potential antitumor agents. Bioorg Medi Chem Lett. 2007;17:3774–3777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asiri AM, Khan SA. Synthesis and anti-bacterial activities of some novel Schiff bases derived from aminophenazone. Molecules. 2010;15:6850–6858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh K, Barwa MS, Tyagi P. Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with bidentate Schiff bases derived by heterocyclic ketone. Euro J Med Chem. 2006;41:147–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petering H, Buskirk H, Underwood G. The anti-tumor activity of 2-keto-3-ethoxybutyraldehyde bis (thiosemicarbazone) and related compounds. Cancer Res. 1964;24:367–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell MJ. Transition metal complexes of thiosemicarbazide and thiosemicarbazones. Coord Chem Rev. 1975;15:279–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandeya S, Dimmock J. Recent evaluations of thiosemicarbazones and semicarbazones and related compounds for antineoplastic and anticonvulsant activities. Pharmazie. 1993;48:659–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakash G, Manikandan R, Viswanathamurthi P, et al. Ruthenium(III) S-methyl isothiosemicarbazone Schiff base complexes bearing PPh3/AsPh3 coligand: synthesis, structure and biological investigations, including antioxidant, DNA and protein interaction, and in vitro anticancer activities. J Photochem Photobio B: Biology. 2014;138:63–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leovac VM, Jovanović LS, Jevtović VS, et al. Transition metal complexes with thiosemicarbazide-based ligand – Part LV: synthesis and X-ray structural study of novel Ni(II) complexes with pyridoxal semicarbazone and pyridoxal thiosemicarbazone. Polyhedron. 2007;26:2971–2978.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Amiery AA, Al-Majedy YK, Ibrahim HH, et al. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and theoretical studies of the thiosemicarbazone derivative Schiff base 2-(2-imino-1-methylimidazolidin-4-ylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (IMHC). Org Med Chem Lett. 2012;2:4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohamed GG, Omar M, Ibrahim AA. Biological activity studies on metal complexes of novel tridentate schiff base ligand. spectroscopic and thermal characterization. Europ J Med Chem. 2009;44:4801–4812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arion V, Revenco M, Gradinaru J, et al. Mixed macrocyclic coordination compounds containing thiosemicarbazide and crown-ether moieties (synthesis, structure and properties). Rev Inorg Chem. 2001;21:1–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leovac V, Češljević V. Coordination chemistry of isothiosemicarbazide and its derivatives. Serbia: Faculty of Science, Novi Sad Serbian; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Chandra S, Sangeetika X. EPR, magnetic and spectral studies of copper (II) and nickel(II) complexes of schiff base macrocyclic ligand derived from thiosemicarbazide and glyoxal. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Mol Biomol Spectr. 2004;60:147–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh NK, Srivastava A, Sodhi A, et al. In vitro and in vivo antitumour studies of a new thiosemicarbazide derivative and its complexes with 3d-metal ions. Tran Met Chem. 2000;25:133–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerbeleu NV, Arion VB, Burgess JP. Template synthesis of macrocyclic compounds. [Place Unknown]: Wiley; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Li Y, Shi W, Ma J, et al. A novel optical probe for Hg2+ in aqueous media based on mono-thiosemicarbazone Schiff base. J Photochem Photobiol A. 2017;338:1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini-Yazdi SA, Hosseinpour S, Khandar AA, et al. Copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes with two new bis (thiosemicarbazone) ligands: synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystal structures and their electrochemistry behavior. Inorg Chim Acta. 2015;427:124–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blower PJ, Castle TC, Cowley AR, et al. Structural trends in copper(II) bis (thiosemicarbazone) radiopharmaceuticals. Dalt Trans. 2003;23:4416–4425.
   Google Scholar
• Jasinski JP, Bianchani JR, Cueva J, et al. Spectral and structural studies of the copper(II) complexes of 3, 4-hexanedione Bis(3-azacyclothiosemicarbazones). Zeitsch für Anorga Allgeme Chem. 2003;629:202–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilyj JK, Harmer JR, Bernhardt PV. Formation and reactivity of copper acetylacetone bis (thiosemicarbazone) complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem. 2018;2018(43):4731–4741.
   Google Scholar
• Lobana TS, Sharma R, Bawa G, et al. Bonding and structure trends of thiosemicarbazone derivatives of metals an overview. Coord Chem Rev. 2009;253:977–1055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chebanu V, Samus N. Study of iron(III), chromium(III) and cobalt(III) complexes with semicarbazones of 5CL-salicylaldehyde and 5BR-salicylaldehyde. Zh Neorg Khim. 1976;21:3280–3284.
   Google Scholar
• Padhye S, and Kauffman GB. Transition metal complexes of semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones. Coord Chem Rev.1985;63:127–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damit NS, Hamid MH, Rahman NS, et al. Synthesis, structural characterisation and antibacterial activities of lead(II) and some transition metal complexes derived from quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone. Inorga Chimi Acta. 2021;527:120557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilyj JK, Silajew NV, Hanson G R, et al. Trivalent copper stabilised by acetylacetone dithiocarbazate Schiff base ligands: structural, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. Dalton Trans. 2019;48(41):15501–15514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gingras B, Somorjai R, Bayley C. The preparation of some thiosemicarbazones and their copper complexes. Canad J Chem. 1961;39:973–985.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patil M, Shah J. Synthesis and physicochemical studies on Ni(II) complex of 2-hydroxy-acetophenonethiosemicarbazone and its square-planar adducts with nitrogen donors. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Chemical Sciences; India: Springer. 1980;89(4):387–390.
   Google Scholar
• Dave L, Thampy S. Pyridine adduct of nickel(II) thiosemicarbazones. J Indian Chem Soc. 1981;58:538.
   Google Scholar
• West DX, Padhye SB, Sonawane PB. Structural and physical correlations in the biological properties of transition metal heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone and S-alkyldithiocarbazate complexes. In Complex chemistry. Berlin(Heidelberg):: Springer; 1991. p. 1–50.
   Google Scholar
• West DX, Liberta AE, Padhye SB, et al. Thiosemicarbazone complexes of copper(II): structural and biological studies. Coord Chem Rev. 1993;123:49–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quiroga AG, Pérez JM, López-Solera I, et al. Novel tetranuclear orthometalated complexes of Pd(II) and Pt(II) derived from p-isopropylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone with cytotoxic activity in cis-DDP resistant tumor cell lines. Interaction of these complexes with DNA. J Med Chem. 1998;41:1399–1408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas J, Garcıa-Tasende M, Sordo J. Main group metal complexes of semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones. A structural review. Coord Chem Rev. 2000;209:197–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas J, Garcıa-Tasende M, Sordo J. Structural aspects of the coordination chemistry of organothallium(III) and organomercury(II) derivatives. Coord Chem Rev. 1999;193:283–359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberta AE, West DX. Antifungal and antitumor activity of heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones and their metal complexes: current status. Biometals. 1992;5:121–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali MA, Majumder S-u-H, Butcher RJ, et al. The preparation and characterization of bis-chelated nickel(II) complexes of the 6-methylpyridine-2-carboxaldehyde Schiff bases of S-alkyldithiocarbazates and the X-ray crystal structure of the bis {S-methyl-β-N-(6-methylpyrid-2-yl)-methylenedithio carbazato}nickel(II) complex. Polyhedron. 1997;16:2749–2754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra S, Jain D, Sharma AK, et al. Coordination modes of a Schiff base pentadentate derivative of 4-aminoantipyrine with cobalt(II),: nickel(II) and copper(II) metal ions: synthesis, spectroscopic and antimicrobial studies. Molecules. 2009;14:174–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas A, Das LK, Drew MG, et al. Synthesis, crystal structures, magnetic properties and catecholase activity of double phenoxido-bridged penta-coordinated dinuclear nickel(II) complexes derived from reduced Schiff-base ligands: mechanistic inference of catecholase activity. Inorga Chem. 2012;51:7993–8001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galal SA, Hegab KH, Kassab AS, et al. New transition metal ion complexes with benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid hydrazides with antitumor activity. Europ J Med Chem. 2009;44:1500–1508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinda R, Schmiesing CS, Sinn E, et al. Mixed-ligand nickel(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes: synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation. Polyhedron. 2013;50:354–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini-Yazdi S A, Mirzaahmadi A, Khandar AA, et al. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biological activities of new water-soluble copper(II), zinc(II), and nickel(II) complexes with sulfonato-substituted Schiff base ligand. Inorga Chimi Acta. 2017;458:171–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suni V, Kurup MRP, Nethaji M. Structural and spectral investigations on some new Ni(II) complexes of di-2-pyridyl ketone N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazone. Polyhedron. 2007;26:3097–3102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leovac V, Ribár B, Argay G, et al. Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of the first phosphorus-bonded thiosemicarbazone complex [2-(diphenylphosphino)benzalde hydethiosemicarbazonato(1-)]pyridine-nickel(II)-nitrate. J Coord Chem. 1996;39:11–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza P, Navarro P, Matesanz AI, et al. Ni(II) complexes of methyl (2-pyridyl)-ketone thiosemicarbazone. crystal structure of isothio-cyanato(methyl(2-pyridyl)ketonethiosemicarbazon ATO)nickel(II). J Coord Chem. 1999;48:79–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreekanth A, Suni V, John RP, et al. Bis(μ-phenyl 2-pyridyl ketone N4, N4-butane-1, 4-diylthiosemicarbazonato)bis[chlorocopper(II)]. Acta Crystallographica Section C: Cryst Struc Commun. 2005;61:m284–m286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West DX, Lockwood MA, Liberta AE, et al. Spectral nature, antifungal activity and molecular structure of metal complexes of acetylpyrazine 4N-substituted thiosemicarbazones. Trans Metal Chem. 1993;18:221–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobana TS, Kumari P, Hundal G, et al. Metal derivatives of N1-substituted thiosemicarbazones: synthesis, structures and spectroscopy of nickel(II) and cobalt(III) complexes. Inorga Chimi Acta. 2013;394:605–615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soriano-Garcia M, Toscano R, Valdes-Martinez J. Structure of ammine [salicyaldehyde4-phenylthiosemicarbazonato(2–)]nickel(II),[Ni(C14H11N3OS)(NH3)]. Acta Crystallographica Section C: Cryst Struc Commun. 1985;41:498–500.
   Google Scholar
• Valdes-Martinez J, Hernández-Ortega S, Bautista Jimenez V. Ammine [2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde 4-piperidylthiosemicarbazonato] nickel(II). Acta Crystallo Sec E: Struc Reports Online. 2002;58:m710–m711.
   Google Scholar
• Arafath MA, Al-Suede FS, Adam F, et al. Schiff base-nickel, palladium, and platinum complexes derived from N-cyclohexyl hydrazine carbothioamide and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde: selective antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects against colorectal carcinoma. Drug Dev Res. 2019;80:778–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbari A, Ghateazadeh H, Takjoo R, et al. Synthesis & crystal structures of four new biochemical active Ni(II) complexes of thiosemicarbazone and isothiosemicarbazone-based ligands: In vitro antimicrobial study. J Mol Struc. 2019;1181:287–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar LV, Sunitha S, Nath GR. Antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer studies of nickel complex of Vanillin-4-Methyl-4-Phenyl-3-Thiosemicarbazone. Mater Today Proc. 2021;41:669–675.
   Google Scholar
• Sardroud SJ, Hosseini-Yazdi SA, Mahdavi M, et al. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation of anticancer activity of a new water-soluble thiosemicarbazone ligand and its complexes. Polyhedron. 2020;175:114218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savir S, Liew JW, Vythilingam I, et al. Nickel (II) complexes with polyhydroxybenzaldehyde and O, N, S tridentate Thiosemicarbazone ligands: synthesis, cytotoxicity, antimalarial activity, and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struc. 2021;1242:130815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone N, Stock R. Complications following permanent prostate brachytherapy. Eur Urol. 2002;41:427–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bermejo E, Carballo R, Castiñeiras A, et al. Synthesis, structural characteristics and biological activities of complexes of ZnII, CdII, HgII, PdII, and PtII with 2-acetylpyridine 4-methylthiosemicarbazone. Europ J Inorga Chem. 1999;1999:965–973.
   Google Scholar
• Biyala MK, Sharma K, Swami M, et al. Spectral and biocidal studies of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes with monobasic bidentate Schiff bases. Trans Metal Chem. 2008;33:377–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontek R, Matawska-Wasowska K, Kalinowska-Lis U, et al. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of new trans-palladium(II) complex in human cells in vitro. Acta Pol Pharm. 2011;68:127–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kizilcikli I, Kurt Y, Akkurt B, et al. Antimicrobial activity of a series of thiosemicarbazones and their ZnII and PdII complexes. Folia Microbiol. 2007;52:15–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta B, Shaikh J. Synthesis, characterisation, X-ray diffraction and antimicrobial studies of Pd(II), Rh(III) and Ru(III) complexes of thiosemicarbazones. J Ind Counc Chem. 2009;26:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Prabhakaran R, Renukadevi S, Karvembu R, et al. Structural and biological studies of mononuclear palladium(II) complexes containing N-substituted thiosemicarbazones. Europ J Med Chem. 2008;43:268–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahadevappa DS, Gowda BT, Murthy ASA. Some thiosemicarbazide complexes of Pt(II) & Pd(II). Indian J Chem. 1976;14A:985–987.
   Google Scholar
• Ilies D-C, Pahontu E, Shova S, et al. Synthesis, characterization and crystal structures of nickel(II), palladium(II) and copper(II) complexes with 2-furaldehyde-4-phenylthiosemicarbazone. Polyhedron. 2013;51:307–315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso R, Bermejo E, Custiñeiras A, et al. Structural characterization of the pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydethiosemicarbazonc and its cyclometallathiosemicarbazones with nickel(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II). Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 1997;623:818–824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suresh C, Deshpande A, Tavale S, et al. Crystal structure of bis-(thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde-4-phenyl-thiosemicarbazonato)-palladium(II). J Crystallo Spect Research. 1991;21:485–487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav PN, Demertzis MA, Kovala-Demertzi D, et al. Palladium(II) complexes of 4-formylantipyrine N(3)-substituted thiosemi carbazones: first example of X-ray crystal structure and description of bonding properties. Inorga Chimica Acta. 2003;349:30–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vila JM, Pereira T, Amoedo A, et al. The key role of sulfur in thiosemicarbazone compounds. crystal and molecular structure of [Pd{4-MeOC6H4C(Me) = NN = C(S)NHPh}2]. J Organom Chem. 2001;623:176–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matesanz AI, Perles J, Souza P. New palladium and platinum complexes with bioactive 3, 5-diacetyl-1, 2, 4-triazol bis (4-cyclohexyl thiosemicarbazone) ligand: chemistry, antiproliferative activity and preliminary toxicity studies. Dalton Tran. 2012;41:12538–12547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stringer T, Hendricks DT, Guzgay H, et al. Synthesis and characterization of multimeric salicylaldimine thiosemicarbazones and their Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes. Polyhedron. 2012;31:486–493.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokina T, Sheludyakova L, Eremina YA, et al. Complexes of Cu(I) and Pd(II) with (+)camphor and (–)-cavrone thiosemicarbazones: synthesis, structure, and cytotoxicity of the Pd(II) complex. Russian J General Chem. 2017;87:2332–2342.
   Google Scholar
• Munikumari G, Konakanchi R, Nishtala VB, et al. Palladium(II) complexes of 5-substituted isatin thiosemicarbazones: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, biological evaluation and in silico docking studies. Synth Commun. 2019;49:146–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haribabu J, Balachandran C, Tamizh MM, et al. Unprecedented formation of palladium(II)-pyrazole based thiourea from chromone thiosemicarbazone and [PdCl2(PPh3)2]: interaction with biomolecules and apoptosis through mitochondrial signaling pathway. J Inorga Biochem. 2020;205:110988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung P, Huentupil Y, Rabanal W, et al. Synthesis, characterization, X-ray structure, electrochemistry, photocatalytic activity and DFT studies of heterotrinuclear Ni(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes containing a formylferrocene thiosemicarbazone ligand. Appl Organome Chem. 2020;34(12):e5974.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsayed SA, Badr HE, di Biase A, et al. Synthesis, characterization of ruthenium(II), nickel(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II) triphenylphosphine-based complexes bearing an ONS-donor chelating agent: interaction with biomolecules, antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxic, apoptotic activity and cell cycle analysis. J Ino Biochem. 2021;223:111549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovala-Demertzi D, Demertzis MA, Filiou E, et al. Platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes with 2-acetyl pyridine 4N-ethyl thiosemicarbazone able to overcome the cisplatin resistance. Structure, antibacterial activity and DNA strand breakage. Biometals. 2003;16:411–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovala-Demertzi D, Yadav PN, Demertzis MA, et al. Synthesis, crystal structure, spectral properties and cytotoxic activity of platinum(II) complexes of 2-acetyl pyridine and pyridine-2-carbaldehyde N(4)-ethyl-thiosemicarbazones. J Inorg Biochem. 2000;78:347–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anacona JR, Bastardo E, Camus J. Manganese(II) and palladium(II) complexes containing a new macrocyclic Schiff base ligand: antibacterial properties. Trans Metal Chem. 1999;24:478–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khokhar FM, Jahangir TM, Khuhawar MY, et al. High performance liquid chromatographic separation of platinum (II), gold (III), vanadium (IV), vanadium (V), molybdenum (VI) and analysis of cisplatin as platinum (II) in cis-plasol injection, urine, and blood serum using pyridoxal-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone as complexing reagent. J Liq Chromatogra Rela Tech. 2020;43:29–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanjwani SN, Zhu R, Khuhawar MY, et al. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of platinum in blood and urine samples of cancer patients after administration of cisplatin drug using solvent extraction and N, N′-bis (salicylidene)-1, 2-propanediamine as complexation reagent. J Pharma Biomed Analy. 2006;40(4):833–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg KI, Valdes-Martınez J, Espinosa-Pérez G, et al. Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of 6-methyl-2-acetylpyridine 3-hexamethyleneiminylthiosemicarbazones: a structural and spectral study. Polyhedron. 1999;18:1177–1182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovala-Demertzi D, Demertzis MA, Miller J, et al. Platinum(II) complexes with 2-acetyl pyridine thiosemicarbazone: synthesis, crystal structure, spectral properties, antimicrobial and antitumour activity. J Inorga Biochem. 2001;86:555–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vázquez-Garcıa D, Fernández A, Fernández JJ, et al. New cyclometallated platinum(II) compounds with thiosemicarbazones: crystal and molecular structure of [Pt{4-MeC6H3C(Me) = NN =C(S)NH2}(PPh3)]. J Organome Chem. 2000;595:199–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You D, Ko J, Choi M. Cycloplatinated complexes of Thiosemicarbazones. Synthesis and crystal structure of [Ph2PC6H4CHNNC(S)HCH3PtCl]. Bulletin-Korean Chemical Society. 1997;18:305–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papathanasis L, Demertzis MA, Yadav PN, et al. Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of 2-hydroxy acetophenone N(4)-ethylthiosemicarbazone–crystal structure and description of bonding properties. Inorga Chimi Acta. 2004;357:4113–4120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali AA, Nimir H, Aktas C, et al. Organoplatinum(II) complexes with 2-acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone: synthesis, characterization, crystal structures, and in vitro antitumor activity. Organometallics. 2012;31:2256–2262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavares T, Paschoal D, Motta E, et al. Platinum(II) and palladium(II) aryl-thiosemicarbazone complexes: synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity. J Coord Chem. 2014;67:956–968.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bessega T, Chaves OA, Martins F M, et al. Coordination of Zn(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) with ligands derived from diformylpyridine and thiosemicarbazide: synthesis, structural characterization. DNA/BSA binding properties and molecular docking analysis. Inorga Chimica Acta. 2019;496:119049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbugua SN, Njenga LW, Odhiambo RA, et al. Synthesis, characterization, and DNA-binding kinetics of new Pd(II) and Pt(II) Thiosemicarbazone complexes: spectral, structural, and anticancer evaluation. J Chem. 2020;2020:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3863269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunfeld E, Ramirez A, Hunter M, et al. Women’s knowledge and beliefs regarding breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2002;86:1373–1378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel R, DeSantis C, Virgo K, et al. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62:220–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuthbertson C. Transforming subjectivities: global mental health, biopolitics, & depression in Chile [Dissertation], Illinois:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Pereira DM, Simões AE, Gomes SE, et al. MEK5/ERK5 signaling inhibition increases colon cancer cell sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil through a p53-dependent mechanism. Oncotarget. 2016;7(23):34322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schoch S, Gajewski S, Rothfuß J, et al. Comparative study of the mode of action of clinically approved platinum-based chemotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(18):6928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forero-Torres A, Saleh MN, Galleshaw JA, et al. Pilot trial of preoperative (Neoadjuvant) Letrozole in combination with Bevacizumab in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed estrogen receptor – or progesterone receptor – positive breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2010;10(4):275–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casciato DA. Manual of clinical oncology: cancer chemotherapeutic agents. 6th edn. Philadelphia (PA): Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; 2009; p. 46–99.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell NP. Multi-platinum anti-cancer agents. Substitution-inert compounds for tumor selectivity and new targets. Chem Soc Rev. 2015;44(24):8773–8785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalaivani P, Prabhakaran R, Ramachandran E, et al. Influence of terminal substitution on structural, DNA, protein binding, anticancer and antibacterial activities of palladium (II) complexes containing 3-methoxy salicylaldehyde-4(N) substituted thiosemicarbazones. Dalton Trans. 2012;41(8):2486–2499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Singh SK, Chandra M, et al. DNA-binding behavior of ruthenium(II) complexes containing both group 15 donors and 2, 2′: 6′, 2 ″-terpyridine. J Inorga. Biochem. 2005;99:458–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockman RW, Thomson JR, Bell MJ, et al. Observations on the antileukemic activity of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone and thiocarbohydrazone. Cancer Res. 1956;16:167–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali MA, Livingstone S. Metal complexes of sulphur-nitrogen chelating agents. Coord Chem Rev. 1974;13:101–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleare M. Transition metal complexes in cancer chemotherapy. Coord Chem Rev. 1974;12:349–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg B, Vancamp L, Trosko JE, Mansour VH. Platinum compounds: a new class of potent antitumour agents. Nature. 1969;222(5191):385–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg B, VanCamp L. The successful regression of large solid sarcoma 180 tumors by platinum compounds. Cancer Res. 1970;30:1799–1802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham RD, Williams DR. The synthesis and screening for anti-bacterial,-cancer,-fungicidal and-viral activities of some complexes of palladium and nickel. J Inorga Nuclear Chem. 1979;41:1245–1249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padhye S, Afrasiabi Z, Sinn E, et al. Antitumor metallothiosemicarbazonates: structure and antitumor activity of palladium complex of phenanthrenequinone thiosemicarbazone. Inorga Chem. 2005;44:1154–1156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovala-Demertzi D, Boccarelli A, Demertzis M, et al. In vitro antitumor activity of 2-acetyl pyridine 4N-ethyl thiosemicarbazone and its platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes. Chemotherapy. 2007;53:148–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haribabu J, Tamizh MM, Balachandran C, et al. Synthesis, structures and mechanistic pathways of anticancer activity of palladium(II) complexes with indole-3-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazones. New J Chem. 2018;42:10818–10832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall IH, Miller MC, West DX. Antineoplastic and cytotoxic activities of nickel(II) complexes of Thiosemicarbazones. Met-Based Drugs. 1997;4:581534.
   Google Scholar
• Afrasiabi Z, Sinn E, Chen J, et al. Appended 1, 2-naphthoquinones as anticancer agents 1: synthesis, structural, spectral and antitumor activities of ortho-naphthaquinone thiosemicarbazone and its transition metal complexes. Inorga Chimica Acta. 2004;357:271–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afrasiabi Z, Sinn E, Lin W, et al. Nickel(II) complexes of naphthaquinone thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone: synthesis, structure, spectroscopy, and biological activity. J Inorga Biochem. 2005;99:1526–1531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B-d, Yang Z-Y, Lü M-h, et al. Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxic activity and DNA binding Ni(II) complex with the 6-hydroxy chromone-3-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. J Organome Chem. 2009;694:4069–4075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haribabu J, Jeyalakshmi K, Arun Y, et al. Synthesis, DNA/protein binding, molecular docking, DNA cleavage and in vitro anticancer activity of nickel(II) bis (thiosemicarbazone) complexes. RSC Adv. 2015;5:46031–46049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munikumari G, Konakanchi R, Nishtala VB, et al. Palladium (II) complexes of 5-substituted isatin thiosemicarbazones: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, biological evaluation and in silico docking studies. Synth Commun. 2019;2;49(1):146–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakshmipraba J, Arunachalam S, Solomon RV, et al. Surfactant–copper(II) Schiff base complexes: synthesis, structural investigation, DNA interaction, docking studies, and cytotoxic activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2015;33(4):877–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shivakumar K, Shashidhar Vithal RP, Halli M. Synthesis, spectral characterization and biological activity of benzofuran Schiff bases with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes. J Coord Chem. 2008;61:2274–2287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunashal RD, Satyanarayana D. One pot synthesis of 3-(substituted phenoxymethyl)-6-phenyl/substituted phenoxymethyl-1, 2, 4-triazolo [3, 4-b][1, 3, 4] thiadiazole derivatives as antimicrobial agents. Int J Pharm Biol Sci. 2012;3:83–192.
   Google Scholar
• Tarafder MTH, Ali MA, Wee DJ, et al. Complexes of a tridentate ONS Schiff base. Synthesis and biological properties. Trans Metal Chem. 2000;25:456–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dharmaraj N, Viswanathamurthi P, Natarajan K. Ruthenium(II) complexes containing bidentate Schiff bases and their antifungal activity. Trans Metal Chem. 2001;26:105–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routier S, Vezin H, Lamour E, et al. DNA cleavage by hydroxy-salicylidene-ethylendiamine-iron complexes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1999;27:4160–4166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh N, Tripathi P, Bharty M, et al. Ni(II) and Mn(II) complexes of NNS tridentate ligand N′-[(2-methoxyphenyl) carbonothioyl] pyridine-2-carbohydrazide (H2mcph): synthesis, spectral and structural characterization. Polyhedron. 2010;2:1939–1945.
   Google Scholar
• Walcourt A, Loyevsky M, Lovejoy DB, et al. Novel aroylhydrazone and thiosemicarbazone iron chelators with anti-malarial activity against chloroquine-resistant and-sensitive parasites. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004;36:401–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arafath MA, Adam F, Hassan MZ. Synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystal structure and antibacterial activity of nickel, palladium and platinum complexes with Schiff base derived from N-cyclohexylhydrazinecarbothioamide and 5-(tert-butyl)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Phosphorus, Sulfur Silicon Relat Elem. 2021;196(6):530–537.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basuli F, Peng SM, Bhattacharya S. Unusual coordination mode of thiosemicarbazone ligands. A search for the origin. Inorga Chem. 2000;39:1120–1127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty J, Copper- PR. cobalt-and zinc(II) complexes with monofunctional bidentate Schiff base and monodentate neutral ligands. J Indian Chem Soci. 1996;73:191–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klement R, Stock F, Elias H, et al. Copper(II) complexes with derivatives of salen and tetrahydrosalen: a spectroscopic, electrochemical and structural study. Polyhedron. 1999;18:3617–3628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Yw H, Liu G, et al. The cytotoxicity and mechanisms of 1, 2-naphthoquinone thiosemicarbazone and its metal derivatives against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004;197:40–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quiroga AG, Ranninger CN. Contribution to the SAR field of metallated and coordination complexes: studies of the palladium and platinum derivatives with selected thiosemicarbazones as antitumoral drugs. Coord Chem Rev. 2004;248:119–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S, Bharti N, Mohapatra PP. Chemistry and biology of synthetic and naturally occurring antiamoebic agents†. Chem Rev. 2009;109:1900–1947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ejiah FN, Fasina TM, Familoni OB, et al. Substituent effect on spectral and antimicrobial activity of Schiff bases derived from aminobenzoic acids. Advan Biolog Chem. 2013;3(5):475. https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/5269.
   Google Scholar
• Siddiqui ZN, Farooq F, Musthafa TNM, et al. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of novel halopyrazole derivatives. J Saudi Chem Soci. 2013;17:237–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasuga NC, Sekino K, Ishikawa M, et al. Synthesis, structural characterization and antimicrobial activities of 12 zinc(II) complexes with four thiosemicarbazone and two semicarbazone ligands. J Inorga. Biochem. 2003;96:298–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarafder M, Chew KB, Crouse KA, et al. Synthesis and characterization of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes of bidentate NS isomeric Schiff bases derived from S-methyldithiocarbazate (SMDTC): bioactivity of the bidentate NS isomeric Schiff bases, some of their Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes and the X-ray structure of the bis [S-methyl-β-N-(2-furyl-methyl)methylenedithiocarbazato]zinc(II)complex. Polyhedron. 2002;21:2683–2690.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta B, Shaikh J. Synthesis, characterisation, X-ray diffraction and antimicrobial studies of Pd(II), Rh(III) and Ru(III) complexes of thiosemicarbazones. J Ind Counc Chem. 2009;26:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Tyagi M, Chandra S. Synthesis,: characterization and biocidal properties of platinum metal complexes derived from 2, 6-diacetylpyridine (bis thiosemicarbazone). Open J Inorga Chem. 2012;2:41–48.
   Google Scholar
• Khan SA, Asiri AM, Al-Amry K, et al. Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical studies, and in vitro antibacterial activity of novel thiosemicarbazone and its Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) complexes. Scientific World J. 2014;9:592375.
   Google Scholar
• El-Sawaf AK, El-Essawy F, Nassar AA, et al. Synthesis, spectral, thermal and antimicrobial studies on cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper (II), zinc(II) and palladium(II) complexes containing thiosemicarbazone ligand. J Mol Struc. 2018;1157:381–394.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovala-Demertzi D, Miller JR, Kourkoumelis N, et al. Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of pyridine-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone with potential biological activity. synthesis, structure and spectral properties. Extended network via hydrogen bond linkages of [Pd(PyTsc)Cl]. Polyhedron. 1999;18:1005–1013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leovac VM, Jovanović LS, Divjaković V, et al. Transition metal complexes with thiosemicarbazide-based ligands. Part LIV. Nickel(II) complexes with pyridoxal semi-(PLSC) and thiosemicarbazone (PLTSC). Crystal and molecular structure of [Ni(PLSC)(H2O)3](NO3)2 and [Ni(PLTSC-H)py]NO3. Polyhedron. 2007;26:49–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussein MA, Guan TS, Haque RA, et al. Synthesis and characterization of thiosemicarbazonato molybdenum(VI) complexes: In vitro DNA binding, cleavage, and antitumor activities. Polyhedron. 2015;85:93–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebolledo AP, de Lima GM, Gambi LN, et al. Tin(IV) complexes of 2-benzoylpyridine N(4)-phenyl-thiosemicarbazone: spectral characterization, structural studies and antifungal activity. Appl Organome. Chem. 2003;17:945–951.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iskander MF, El-Sayed L, Salem NM, et al. Synthesis, characterization and magnetochemical studies of dicopper(II) complexes derived from bis(N-salicylidene) dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides. J Coord Chem. 2005;58:125–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendes IC, Moreira JP, Mangrich AS, et al. Coordination to copper(II) strongly enhances the in vitro antimicrobial activity of pyridine-derived N(4)-tolyl thiosemicarbazones. Polyhedron. 2007;26:3263–3270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polo-Cerón D. Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with new tridentate NNS thiosemicarbazones: synthesis, characterisation, DNA interaction, and antibacterial activity. Bioin Chem Appli. 2019;2019:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3520837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar