Beyond zeros and ones – analog computing in the twenty-first century

References

• Hardesty L. Analog computing return – new analog compiler could help enable simulation of whole organs and even organisms, MIT News Office; June 20, 2016. Available from: https://news.mit.edu/2016/analog-computing-organs-organisms-0620
   Google Scholar
• Platt C. The unbelievable zombie comeback of analog computing; March 30th, 2023. Available from: https://www.wired.com/story/unbelievable-zombie-comeback-analog-computing/
   Google Scholar
• UK Parliament Post. Energy consumption of ICT. In: POSTNOTE; Sep 2022. Number 677. Available from: https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/POST-PN-0677/POST-PN-0677.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Amdahl GM. Validity of the single processor approach to achieving large-scale computing capabilities. AFIPS Conf Proc. 1967;30:483–485. doi: 10.1145/1465482.1465560
   Google Scholar
• Gustafson JL. Reevaluating Amdahl's law. Commun ACM. 1988;31(5):532–533. doi: 10.1145/42411.42415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson W. Mechanical integration of linear differential equations of the second order with variable coefficients. Proc R Soc. 1876;24(167):269–270.
   Google Scholar
• Ulmann B. Analog computing. 2nd ed. DeGruyter; 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Pallás-Areny R, Webster JG. Analog signal processing. John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• John B, Spink C, Braunschweig M, et al. A stent graft occlusion detection: pressure sensing implant device with inductive power and data telemetry. In: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.2018.8351667
   Google Scholar
• Ranjan R, Kyrmanidis A, Hellweg W, et al. Integrated circuit with memristor emulator array and neuron circuits for neuromorphic pattern recognition. In: IEEE, Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) 39th International Conference; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann K-P, Abu-Saleh L, Cardona-Audí J, et al. Implantable myoelectric assistance system for the intuitive control of a bionic hand prosthesis. Orthop Tech/Orthopädie Technik. 2015;5:36–40.
   Google Scholar
• Ambrogio S, Narayanan P, Okazaki A, et al. An analog-AI chip for energy-efficient speech recognition and transcription. Nature. 2023;720:768–775. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06337-5
   Google Scholar
• Kendall J, Pantone R, Manickavasagam K, et al. Training end-to-end analog neural networks with equilibrium propagation; 2020. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2006.01981s
   Google Scholar
• Laydevant J, Ernoult M, Querlioz D, et al. Training dynamical binary neural networks with equilibrium propagation. In: 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops; 2021 Jun 19–25. doi: 10.1109/CVPRW53098.2021.00522
   Google Scholar
• Cowan GER. A VLSI analog computer/math co-processor for a digital computer. Columbia University; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Guo N, Huang Y, Mai T, et al. Energy-efficient hybrid analog/digital approximate computation in continuous time. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits. 2016;51(7):1514–1524. doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2016.2543729
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milios J, Clauvelin N. A programmable analog computer on a chip. In: Embedded World Conference; Nuremberg, Germany; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Milios J, Clauvelin N. Analog computer on a chip – compiling solutions. In: Embedded World Conference; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Köppel S, Krause A, Ulmann B. Analog computing for molecular dynamics. Int J Unconv Comput. 2022;17(4):259–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köppel S, Ulmann B, Heimann L, et al. About using analog computers in today's largest computational challenges. Adv Radio Sci. 2021;19:105–116. doi: 10.5194/ars-19-105-2021. Available from: https://ars.copernicus.org/articles/19/105/2021/
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khairul Bashar M, Mallick A, Truesdell DS, et al. Experimental demonstration of a reconfigurable coupled oscillator platform to solve the Max-cut problem. IEEE J Explor Solid-State Comput Devices Circuits. 2020;6:116–121. doi: 10.1109/JESSCDC.6570653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou J, Bramhavar S, Ghosh S, et al. Analog coupled oscillator based weighted Ising machine. Sci Rep Nat Res. 2019;15:14786. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49699-5
   Google Scholar
• Graber M, Hofmann K. A versatile & adjustable 400 node CMOS oscillator based Ising machine to investigate and optimize the internal computing principle. In: IEEE 35th International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC).doi: 10.1109/SOCC56010.2022.9908118
   Google Scholar
• Moy W, Ahmed I, Chio P-W, et al. A 1968-node coupled ring oscillator circuit for combinatorial optimization problem solving. Nat Electron. 2022;5:310–317. doi: 10.1038/s41928-022-00749-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Roychowdhury J. OIM: oscillator-based Ising machines for solving combinatorial optimisation problems. Lect. Notes Comput Sci. 2019;11493:232–256. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-19311-9_19
   Google Scholar
• Kalinin KP, Mourgia-Alexandris G, Ballani H, et al. Analog iterative machine (AIM): using light to solve quadratic optimization problems with mixed variables. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.12594.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Achour S, Rinard M. Noise-aware dynamical system compilation for analog devices with Legno. In: ASPLOS '20; Lausanne, Switzerland; March 2020. p. 149–166. doi: 10.1145/3373376.3378449
   Google Scholar
• Evans LC. An introduction to stochastic differential equations. American Mathematical Society; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann A. Regelungstechnische Beiträge zur Böenlastabminderung bei Flugzeugen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von geringen Flächenbelastungen und hohen Streckungen, Dissertation, Fakultät V – Verkehrs- und Maschinensysteme, Technische Universität Berlin; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Killat D, Köppel S, Ulmann B, et al. Solving partial differential equations with Monte Carlo/random walk on an analog-digital hybrid computer, VDE Verlag, MST Kongress 2023. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.05598.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Seo J-S, Saikia J, Meng J, et al. Digital versus analog artificial intelligence accelerators – advances, trends, and emerging designs. IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine. 2022;14:65–79. doi: 10.1109/MSSC.2022.3182935
   Google Scholar
• Ulmann B. Analog and hybrid computer programming. 2nd ed. DeGruyter; 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Waltman GL. Black magic and gremlins: analog flight simulation at NASA's flight research center. NASA History Division; 2000. (Monographs in aerospace history; vol. 20).
   Google Scholar