110
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Symposium: Development in times of conflict: ethical pathways towards peace and justice: a selection of papers from the International Development Ethics Association (IDEA) 2022 Congress with The Universidad Autónoma LatinoAmericana (UNAULA) and The Red para la formación ética y ciudadana REDETICA, in Medellin, Colombia.

Security beyond the state: exploring potential development impacts of community policing reform in post-conflict and fragile environment

&
Pages 426-444 | Received 30 Nov 2022, Accepted 16 Aug 2023, Published online: 31 Aug 2023

References

  • Abbas, Muhammad, Raymond Shuey, and Vandra Harris. 2022. “From Fear to Cooperation: The Critical Role of Community Policing in Building Trust in the Postcolonial State of Pakistan.” In Policing the Global South, edited by Danielle Watson, Sara N. Amin, Wendell C. Wallace, Oluwagbenga M. Akinlabi, and Juan C. Ruiz-Vasquez, 227–241. London: Routledge.
  • Asad, Mohib. 2012. “The Criminal Justice System.” In Stabilising Pakistan Through Police Reform, edited by Hassan Abbas, 19–23. New York: Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/stabilizing-pakistan-through-police-reform
  • Baker, Bruce. 2008. “Community Policing in Freetown, Sierra Leone: Foreign Import or Local Solution?” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 2 (1): 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970701810864.
  • Brogden, Mike. 2005. “‘Horses for Courses’ and ‘Thin Blue Lines: Community Policing in Transitional Society’.” Police Quarterly 8 (1): 64–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611104267328.
  • Centre for Peace Development Initiatives Pakistan. n.d. First Information Report (FIR): A Guide for Citizens. Available at What_is_an_FIR.pdf (cpdi-pakistan.org).
  • Collier, Paul, Lani Elliot, Håvard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, Marta Reynal-Querol, and Nicholas Sambanis. 2003. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. A World Bank Policy Research Report. Washington, DC: World Bank and Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-5481-0.
  • COPS. 2012. “Community Policing Defined.” U.S. Department of Justice. https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/vets-to-cops/e030917193-CP-Defined.pdf.
  • Cordner, Gary. 2014. “Community Policing.” In The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing, edited by Michael D. Reisig, and Robert J. Kane, 148–171. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Crocker, David A. 2008. “Ethics of Global Development: Agency, Capability, and Deliberative Democracy.” In Ethics of Global Development: Agency, Capability, and Deliberative Democracy, xiii–xiii. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511492594.
  • Donais, Timothy. 2018. “Security Sector Reform and the Challenge of Vertical Integration.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 12 (1): 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2018.1426681.
  • Drydyk, Jay. 2019. “Accountability in Development: From Aid Effectiveness to Development Ethics.” Journal of Global Ethics 15 (2): 138–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449626.2019.1636116.
  • Ellison, Graham, and Nathan Pino. 2012. Globalization, Police Reform and Development: Doing it the Western way? London: Palgrave.
  • Goldsmith, Andrew. 2005. “Police Reform and the Problem of Trust.” Theoretical Criminology 9 (4): 443–470. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480605057727.
  • Goldsmith, Andrew, and Vandra Harris. 2012. “Trust, Trustworthiness and Trust-Building in International Policing Missions.” Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 45 (2): 231–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004865812443679.
  • Goldsmith, Andrew, and Vandra Harris. 2017. “International Policing Missions: Establishing Trustworthy Policing in Low-Trust Environments.” In Trust in International Police and Justice Cooperation, edited by Saskia Hufnagel, and Carole McCarthy, 51–73. London: Hart Publishing.
  • Goodhand, Jonathan. 2001. “Violent Conflict, Poverty and Chronic Poverty.” CPRC Working Paper 6. Manchester: Chronic Poverty Research Centre, University of Manchester. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1754535.
  • Goulet, Denis. 1997. “Development Ethics: A New Discipline.” International Journal of Social Economics 24 (11): 1160–1171. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710193543.
  • Gray, Felicity. 2022. “Protection as Connection: Feminist Relational Theory and Protecting Civilians from Violence in South Sudan.” Journal of Global Ethics 18 (1): 152–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449626.2022.2052152.
  • Greene, Jack R. 2000. “Community Policing in America: Changing the Nature, Structure, and Function of the Police.” Criminal Justice 3 (3): 299–370.
  • Guest, Gary, Emily E Namey, and Marilyn L Mitchell. 2012. Collecting Qualitative Data: A Field Manual for Applied Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Harris, Vandra. 2010. “Building on Sand? Australian Police Involvement in International Police Capacity Building.” Policing and Society 20 (1): 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439461003611492.
  • Harris, Vandra, and Swornima Tuladhar. 2019. “Humanitarian Localisation: Can We Put Values Into Practice?” In Ethics in a Crowded World: Globalisation, Human Movement and Professional Ethics (Research in Ethical Issues in Organizations), Vol. 22, edited by Vandra Harris, 33–55. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.
  • Hegre, Håvard, Håvard Mokleiv Nygård, and Ranveig Flaten Ræder. 2017. “Evaluating the Scope and Intensity of the Conflict Trap: A Dynamic Simulation Approach.” Journal of Peace Research 54 (2): 243–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343316684917.
  • Hitch, Georgia, and Nicholas McElroy. 2022. “Federal Budget 2022: Winners and Losers.” ABC News. 25 October 2022. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-25/federal-budget-2022-labor-government-winners-and-losers/101527460.
  • Jackson, Jonathan, Muhammad Asif, Ben Bradford, and Muhammad Z. Zakar. 2014. “Corruption and Police Legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan.” British Journal of Criminology 54 (6): 1067–1088. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu069.
  • Kagoro, Jude. 2019. “The Crime Preventers Scheme: A Community Policing Initiative for Regime Security in Uganda.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 13 (1): 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2018.1501982.
  • Lincoln, Yvonna S., Susan A. Lynham, and Egon G Guba. 2018. “Paradigmatic Controversies, Contradictions, and Emerging Confluences, Revisited.” In The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by Norman K. Denzin, and Yvonna S. Lincoln, 108–150. Los Angles/London/New Delhi/Singapore/Washington DC/Melbourne: Sage.
  • Mastrofski, Stephen D. 2006. “Community Policing: A Skeptical View.” In Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives, edited by David Weisburd, and Anthony Braga, 44–73. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mastrofski, Stephen D., James J. Willis, Tammy R. Kochel. 2007. “The Challenges of Implementing Community Policing in the United States.” Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 1 (2): 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pam026.
  • Mir, Nazir Ahmed. 2018. “Pashtun Nationalism in Search of Political Space and the State in Pakistan.” Strategic Analysis 42 (4): 443–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2018.1482629.
  • Mueller, Hannes, and Chanon Techasunthornwat. 2020. “Conflict and Poverty.” Policy Research Working Paper; No. 9455. World bank. Available at World Bank Document.
  • Murphy, Christopher. 2007. “The Cart Before the Horse: Community Oriented Versus Professional Models of International Police Reform.” In Crafting Transnational Policing: Police Capacity-Building and Global Policing Reform, edited by Andrew Goldsmith, and James Sheptycki, 243–261. Oxford, United Kingdom: Hart Publishing.
  • Murphy, Eamon, and Aazar Tamana. 2010. “State Terrorism and the Military in Pakistan.” In Contemporary State Terrorism: Theory and Practice, edited by Richard Jackson, Eamon Murphy, and Scott Poynting, 48–67. London: Routledge.
  • National Research Council. 2004. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
  • Okafor, Jude C., and Ernest Toochi Anichie. 2018. “Policing the Community or Community Policing: Implications for Community Development in Nigeria.” Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 8: 66–72.
  • Rohwerder, Brigitte. 2014, July 14. The Impact of Conflict on Poverty. Institute of Development Studies. Available at The Impact of Conflict on Poverty – Institute of Development Studies (ids.ac.uk).
  • Sedra, Mark. 2016. Security Sector Reform in Conflict-Affected Countries: The Evolution of a Model. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Sedra, Mark. 2018. “Adapting Security Sector Reform to Ground-Level Realities: The Transition to a Second-Generation Model.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 12 (1): 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2018.1426383.
  • Sen, Amartya. 2013. “Birth of a Discourse.” In Routledge Handbook of Human Security, edited by Mary Martin, and Taylor Owen, 17–27. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Sherwood, Juanita. 1999. “What is Community Development?” Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal 23: 7–8.
  • Skogan, Wesley G. 2019. “Community Policing.” In Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives, edited by David Weisburd, and Anthony Braga, 27–44. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Somerville, Peter. 2009. “Understanding Community Policing.” Policing: An International Journal 32 (2): 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510910958172.
  • Suddle, Muhammad S. 2003. Reforming Pakistan Police: An overview [Paper presentation]. 120th International Senior Seminar, United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention and Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. unafei.book.
  • Sunshine, Jason, and Tyler Tom R. 2003. “The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing.” Law & Society Review 37 (3): 513–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5893.3703002.
  • UK Home Office. 2023. Country Policy and Information Note Pakistan: Actors of protection. Accessed July 17, 2023. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1158905/PAK_CPIN_actors_of_protection.pdf.
  • UNDP. 2022. Pakistan. United Nations Development Program – Human Development Reports. Accessed on July 13, 2022. https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/PAK.
  • UNDP and OPHI. 2021. Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021: Unmasking Disparities by Ethnicity, Caste and Gender. United Nations Development Programme and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. Global MPI 2021 – Unmasking Disparities by Ethnicity, Caste and Gender | OPHI.
  • Von Billerbeck, Sarah BK. 2015. “Local Ownership and UN Peacebuilding: Discourse Versus Operationalization.” Global Governance 21 (2): 299–315. https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02102007.
  • Von Einsiedel, Sebastian L, James Cockayne Bosetti, Cale Salih, and Wilfred Wan. 2017. Civil War Trends and the Changing Nature of Armed Conflict (Occasional Paper 10). United Nations University Centre for Policy Research. Civil_war_trends_UPDATED.pdf (ecbproject.org).
  • World Bank. 2011. World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.