108
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The effect of impregnation with fire retardant on the properties of particleboard bonded with PF/pMDI adhesive

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 530-540 | Received 22 Jun 2023, Accepted 29 Sep 2023, Published online: 09 Oct 2023

References

  • Angelini, S., et al., 2019. Lignosulfonates as fire retardants in wood flour-based particleboards. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2019, 6178163.
  • Ayrilmis, N., et al., 2009. Wettability of fire retardant treated laminated veneer lumber (LVL) manufactured from veneers dried at different temperatures. BioResources, 4 (4), 1536–1544.
  • Baharoğlu, M., et al., 2014. Effect of paraffin application technique on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 21 (2), 191–195.
  • Bao, S., et al., 2003. Solid state two-dimensional NMR studies of polymeric diphenyl-methane diisocyanate (pMDI) reaction in wood. Forest Products Journal, 53 (6), 63–71.
  • Beech, J.C., 1975. The thickness swelling of wood particleboard. Holzforschung, 29 (1), 11–18.
  • Bekhta, P., et al., 2016. Effect of different fire retardants on birch plywood properties. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae Zvolen, 58 (1), 59–66.
  • Bekhta, P., et al., 2021. Properties of eco-friendly particleboards bonded with lignosulfonate-urea-formaldehyde adhesives and pMDI as a crosslinker. Materials, 14 (17), 4875.
  • Bryn, O., et al., 2016. The effect of diffusive impregnation of birch veneers with fire retardant on plywood properties. BioResources, 11 (4), 9112–9125.
  • Camino, G., and Costa, L., 1988. Performance and mechanisms of fire retardants in polymers—a review. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 20 (3-4), 271–294.
  • Chen, H., et al., 2019. Lignin containing cellulose nanofibril application in pMDI wood adhesives for drastically improved gap-filling properties with robust bondline interfaces. Chemical Engineering Journal, 360 (15), 393–401.
  • Chrobak, J., Iłowska, J., and Chrobok, A., 2022. Formaldehyde-free resins for the wood-based panel industry: alternatives to formaldehyde and novel hardeners. Molecules, 27 (15), 4862.
  • Ciglian, D., and Reinprecht, L., 2022. The effect of inorganic preservatives in the Norway spruce wood on its wettability and adhesion with PUR glue. Applied Sciences, 12 (11), 5642.
  • Du, C.G., and Song, J.G., 2014. Study on the fire retardant treatment technologies of bamboo particleboard. In: A.K. Bhatnagar, ed. Advanced materials research. Stafa, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 273–277.
  • Dukarska, D., et al., 2017. Construction particleboards made from rapeseed straw glued with hybrid pMDI/PF resin. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 75, 175–184.
  • Dukarska, D., et al., 2021. Characteristics of straw particles of selected grain species purposed for the production of lignocellulose particleboards. Particulate Science and Technology, 39 (2), 213–222.
  • Dukarska, D., et al., 2022. Characterisation of wood particles used in the particle board production as a function of their moisture content. Materials, 15 (1), 48.
  • Dukarska, D., Buszka, K., and Modzelewska, I., 2018. Kraft scrap paper pulp as a substitute of wood chips in manufacture of particleboards resinated with hybrid pf/pMDI resin, Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnología, 20, 161–170.
  • Dziurka, D., 2013. pMDI jako środek wiążący w przemyśle tworzyw drewnopochodnych. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu, Poznań.
  • Dziurka, D., et al., 2017. Effects of a method of introducing a fire retardant on bond quality of experimental plywood. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Forestry and Wood Technology, 99, 32–36.
  • Dziurka, D., Lecka, J., and Jablonski, M., 2007. Properties of plywood resinated with UF and MUPF resins modified with PMDI. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Forestry and Wood Technology, 61, 194–199.
  • Dziurka, D., and Mirski, R., 2010. UF-pMDI hybrid resins for waterproof particleboards manufactured at a shortened pressing time. Drvna Industria, 61 (4), 245–249.
  • Dziurka, D., and Mirski, R., 2013. Lightweight boards from wood and rape straw particles. Drewno, 56 (190), 19–31.
  • EN 1087, 1999. Particleboard – determination of moisture resistance – Boil test. 1999.
  • EN 13501-1, 2019. Fire classification of construction products and building elements – Part 1: classification using data from reaction to fire tests. Brussels: 2019.
  • EN 13823, 2022. Reaction to fire tests for building products - building products excluding floorings exposed to the thermal attack by a single burning item. Brussels: 2022.
  • EN 310, 1994. Wood-based panels. Determination of modulus of elasticity in bending and of bending strength. Brussels: 1994.
  • EN 312, 2005. Particleboards – specifications. Brussels: 2005.
  • EN 317, 1993. Particleboards and fibreboards - Determination of swelling in thickness after immersion in water. Brussels: 1993.
  • EN 319, 1993. Particleboards and fibreboards - determination of tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the board. Brussels: 1993.
  • EN 323, 1999. Wood-based panels - determination of density. Brussels: 1999.
  • EN ISO 11925-2, 2020. Reaction to fire tests — ignitability of products subjected to direct impingement of flame — Part 2: single-flame source test. Brussels: 2020.
  • EN ISO 18122, 2022. Solid biofuels. Determination of ash content. Brussels: 2022.
  • Frazier, C.E., 2003. Isocyanate wood binders. In: A. Pizzi and K.L. Mittal, eds. Handbook of adhesive technology. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis, 681–694.
  • Gaul, J.M., Nguyen, T., and Babiec, J.S., 1984. Novel isocyanate binder systems for composite wood panels. Journal of Elastomers & Plastics, 16 (3), 206–228.
  • Geffertova, J., and Geffert, A., 2011. Energy potential of the chosen wastes with biomass content. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae Zvolen, 53, 93–99.
  • George, G., et al., 2013. Dielectric behaviour of PP/jute yarn commingled composites: effect of fibre content, chemical treatments, temperature and moisture. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 47, 12–21.
  • Grexa, O., Horváthová, E., and Lehocký, P., 1999. Flame retardant treated plywood. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 64 (3), 529–533.
  • Grześkowiak, WŁ, 2012. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the fire retardant mixture containing potassium carbonate using a cone calorimeter. Fire and Materials, 36 (1), 75–83.
  • Hua, L.S., et al., 2022. Particleboard from agricultural biomass and recycled wood waste: a review. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 20, 4630–4658.
  • Hýsek, Š, et al., 2019. Fire-resistant sandwich-structured composite material based on alternative materials and its physical and mechanical properties. Materials, 12 (9), 1432.
  • Iswanto, A.H., et al., 2019. Effect of several exterior adhesive types on dimensional stability of bamboo oriented particleboard. Korean Journal of Materials Research, 29 (5), 277–281.
  • Jayamani, E., et al., 2020. Dielectric properties of natural borneo woods: Keranji, Kayu Malam, and Kumpang. BioResources, 15 (4), 7815–7827.
  • Kajita, H., Mukudai, J., and Yano, H., 1991. Durability evaluation of particleboards by accelerated aging tests. Wood Science and Technology, 25, 239–249.
  • Kawalerczyk, J., et al., 2019a. The effect of veneer impregnation with a mixture of potassium carbonate and urea on the properties of manufactured plywood. Drewno, 62 (203), 107–116.
  • Kawalerczyk, J., et al., 2019b. The effect of phenol-formaldehyde adhesive modification with fire retardant on the properties of birch plywood. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology, 106, 107–113.
  • Kawalerczyk, J., et al., 2022a. APTES-modified nanocellulose as the formaldehyde scavenger for UF adhesive-bonded particleboard and strawboard. Polymers, 14 (22), 5037.
  • Kawalerczyk, J., et al., 2022b. Nanomaterials to improve fire properties in wood and wood-based composite panels. In: H.R. Taghiyari, J.J. Morrell, and A. Husen, eds. Emerging nanomaterials: opportunities and challenges in forestry sectors. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 65–96.
  • Kelly, M.W., 1977. Critical literature review of relationships between processing parameters and physical properties of particleboard. In: General Technical Report FPL-10, USDA Forest Service.
  • Kowaluk, G., et al., 2020. Functional assessment of particleboards made of apple and plum orchard pruning. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 11, 2877–2886.
  • Kumar, R.N., and Pizzi, A., 2019. Environmental aspects of adhesives–emission of formaldehyde, adhesives for wood and lignocellulosic materials. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Scrivener Publishing, 293–312.
  • Laufenberg, T., Levan, S.L., and Bruci, V., 1986. Investigation of fire-retardant treatments for flakeboards. Drvna Industrija, 36 (3-4), 65–70.
  • Lee, B.-H., et al., 2011. Evaluating the flammability of wood-based panels and gypsum particleboard using a cone calorimeter. Construction and Building Materials, 25 (7), 3044–3050.
  • Lei, H., Pizzi, A., and Du, G., 2006. Coreacting PMUF/isocyanate resins for wood panel adhesives. Holz Als Roh-Und Werkstoff, 64, 117–120.
  • Łukawski, D., et al., 2019. The influence of surface modification of wood particles with carbon nanotubes on properties of particleboard glued with phenol-formaldehyde resin. Drewno, 62 (203), 93–105.
  • Lykidis, C., et al., 2012. Potential for utilizing waste corrugated paper containers into wood composites using UF and PMDI resin systems. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70, 811–818.
  • Mamatha, B.S., et al., 2017. Development of fire retardant wood composite using amino resin. In: K.K. Pandey, V. Ramakantha, S.S. Chauhan and A.N. Arun Kumar, eds. Wood is good: current trends and future prospects in wood utilization. Singapore: Springer, 353–361.
  • Mancel, V., et al., 2022. Fire resistance evaluation of new wooden composites containing waste rubber from automobiles. Polymers, 14 (20), 4465.
  • Mansouri, H.R., Pizzi, A., and Leban, J.-M., 2006. Improved water resistance of UF adhesives for plywood by small pMDI additions. Holz Als Roh-Und Werkstoff, 64, 218–220.
  • Maraghi, M.M.R., Tabei, A., and Madanipoor, M., 2018. Effect of board density, resin percentage and pressing temprature on particleboard properties made from mixing of poplar wood slab, citrus branches and twigs of beech. Wood Research, 63 (4), 669–682.
  • Mazela, B., Batista, A., and Grześkowiak, W., 2020. Expandable graphite as a fire retardant for cellulosic materials—A review. Forests, 11 (7), 755.
  • Mazela, B., Broda, M., and Perdoch, W., 2014. Fire resistance of wood treated with potassium carbonate and silanes. In: Proceedings of 45th International Research Group on Wood Protection Annual Meeting. St George, 8–16.
  • Medved, S., et al., 2019. Investigation of fire-retardant additive on particleboard properties. In: Proceedings of the International Panel Products Symposium, 141–148.
  • Mirski, R., et al., 2020. Effects of chip type on the properties of chip–sawdust boards glued with polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate. Materials, 13 (6), 1329.
  • Mirski, R., Banaszak, A., and Kerber, J., 2015. Properties of OSB glued with PMDI-modified PF resin. Intercathedra, 31 (4), 59–64.
  • Nagieb, Z.A., Nassar, M.A., and El-Meligy, M.G., 2011. Effect of addition of boric acid and borax on fire-retardant and mechanical properties of urea formaldehyde saw dust composites. International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 2011, 146763.
  • Nam, S., et al., 2012. Effect of urea additive on the thermal decomposition kinetics of flame retardant greige cotton nonwoven fabric. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97 (5), 738–746.
  • Nemli, G., and Demirel, S., 2007. Relationship between the density profile and the technological properties of the particleboard composite. Journal of Composite Materials, 41 (15), 1793–1802.
  • Oezcifci, A., and Okçu, O., 2008. The influence of the impregnating chemicals on the bonding strength of impregnated wood materials. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 107 (5), 2871–2876.
  • Orémusová, E., Tereňová, L., and Réh, R., 2014. Evaluation of the gross and net calorific value of the selected wood species. In: J. Ladomerský, K. Balog, J. Martinka, E. Hroncová and J. Dibdiaková, eds. Advanced materials research. Stafa, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 292–299.
  • Özlüsoylu, İ., and İstek, A., 2019. The effect of hybrid resin usage on thermal conductivity in ecological insulation panel production. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences. Kiev, 292–296.
  • Papadopoulou E., and Chrissafis K., 2017. Particleboards from agricultural lignocellulosics and biodegradable polymers prepared with raw materials from natural resources. In: A.K.T. Lau, A.P.Y. Hung, eds. Natural fiber-reinforced biodegradable and bioresorbable polymer composites. Cambridge: Elsevier, 19–30.
  • Pędzik, M., Janiszewska, D., and Rogoziński, T., 2021. Alternative lignocellulosic raw materials in particleboard production: a review. Industrial Crops and Products, 174 (15), 114162.
  • Pourjafar, M., et al., 2022. Medium density fiberboard (MDF) with efficient electromagnetic shielding: preparation and evaluation. Bioresources, 17 (1), 1518–1532.
  • Simon, C., George, B., and Pizzi, A., 2002. UF/pMDI wood adhesives: networks blend versus copolymerization. Holzforschung, 56, 327–334.
  • STN ISO 1928, 2003. Solid mineral fuels. Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimetric method, and calculation of net calorific value. Brussels: 2003.
  • Sun, Q., et al., 2010. Improvement of water resistance and dimensional stability of wood through titanium dioxide coating. Holzforschung, 64 (6), 757–761.
  • Tang, Y., et al., 2008. A formaldehyde-free flame retardant wood particleboard system based on two-component polyurethane adhesive. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 108 (2), 1216–1222.
  • Thomas, A., et al., 2021. Passive fire protection of wood using some bio-derived fire retardants. Fire Safety Journal, 120, 103074.
  • Wang, S.-Y., et al., 2007. Properties of low-formaldehyde-emission particleboard made from recycled wood-waste chips sprayed with PMDI/PF resin. Building and Environment, 42 (7), 2472–2479.
  • Wronka, A., and Kowaluk, G., 2022. Upcycling different particle sizes and contents of pine branches into particleboard. Polymers, 14 (21), 4559.
  • Zachar, M., et al., 2012. Determination of fire and burning properties of spruce wood. Drvna Industrija, 63 (3), 217–223.
  • Zhang, K., and Richman, R., 2021. Variability in moisture sorption isotherms of plywood and oriented strand board with accelerated ageing. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 48 (7), 812–818.
  • Zheng, J., Fox, S.C., and Frazier, C.E., 2004. Rheological, wood penetration, and fracture performance studies of PF/pMDI hybrid resins. Forest Products Journal, 54 (10), 74–81.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.