3,571
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Empirical Studies

Implications of time and space factors related with youth substance use prevention: a conceptual review and case study of the Icelandic Prevention Model being implemented in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

, , , , &
Article: 2149097 | Received 12 Jun 2022, Accepted 15 Nov 2022, Published online: 23 Nov 2022

References

  • Abi-Jaoude, E., Naylor, K. T., & Pignatiello, A. (2020). Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192(6), E136–E141. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.190434
  • Adan, A., Forero, D. A., & Navarro, J. F. (2017). Personality traits related to binge drinking: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 134. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00134
  • Adler, N. E., & Stewart, J. (2009). Reducing obesity: Motivating action while not blaming the victim. The Milbank Quarterly, 87(1), 49–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00547.x
  • Allison, S., Wade, T., Schmidt, U., Treasure, J., Bastiampillai, T., & Looi, J. C. (2022). Setting a youth-focused research agenda for eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 56(6), 591–593. https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674211054743
  • Arain, M., Haque, M., Johal, L., Mathur, P., Nel, W., Rais, A., … Sharma, S. (2013). Maturation of the adolescent brain. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 449. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S39776
  • Bajwa, U. (2017). To analyse the implementation and evidence base of iceland’s primary prevention model for adolescent substance abuse and its implications for Ontario, Canada- a health policy report. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
  • Benson, P. L. (1997). All kids are our kids: What communities can do to raise caring and responsible children and adolescents. Jossey-Bass Inc.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2014). What can “thematic analysis” offer health and wellbeing researchers? International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and well-being, 9(1), 26152. https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v9.26152
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development (pp. 1979). Harvard University Press.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Recent advances in research on the ecology of human development. In R. K. Silbereisen, K. Eyferth, & G. Rudinger (Eds.), Development as action in context (pp. 287–309). Springer.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1995). Developmental ecology through space and time: A future perspective. In P. Moen, G. H. Elder Jr., & K. Luscher (Eds.), Examining lives in context: Perspective son the ecology of human development (pp. 619–647). American Psychological Association.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1999). Environments in developmental perspective: Theoretical and operational models. In S. L. Friedman & T. D. Wachs (Eds.), Measuring the environment across the lifespan: Emerging methods and concepts (pp. 3–28). American Psychological Association.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In R. M. Lerner & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (pp. 793–828). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Brooks-Russell, A., Simons-Morton, B., Haynie, D., Farhat, T., & Wang, J. (2014). Longitudinal relationship between drinking with peers, descriptive norms, and adolescent alcohol use. Prevention Science, 15(4), 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-013-0391-9
  • Brussoni, M., Gibbons, R., Gray, C., Ishikawa, T., Sandseter, E. B. H., Bienenstock, A., … Tremblay, M. S. (2015). What is the relationship between risky outdoor play and health in children? A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(6), 6423–6454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120606423
  • Canadian Index of Wellbeing. (2021). Canadian index of wellbeing. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://uwaterloo.ca/canadian-index-wellbeing/
  • Carli, L. L. (2020). Women, Gender equality and COVID-19. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 35(7/8), 647–655. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-07-2020-0236
  • CBC. (2020a). Shopify permanently moves to work-from-homemodel. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/shopify-pandemic-staff-ottawa-1.5578614
  • CBC. (2020b). Ontario implementing stricter public health measures as province sets COVID-19 case record. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/covid-19-coronavirus-ontario-october-2-1.5747709
  • Children First Canada. (2022). Raising Canada 2022 - top 10 threats to childhood in Canada. Retrieved on November 22, 2022 from: https://childrenfirstcanada.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/RC2022_CFC_RC-Report_09-02.pdf
  • Combs, T. S., & Pardo, C. F. (2021). Shifting streets COVID-19 mobility data: Findings from a global dataset and a research agenda for transport planning and policy. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 9, 100322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100322
  • Cornell, S., Nickel, B., Cvejic, E., Bonner, C., McCaffery, K. J., Ayre, J., and Dodd, R. (2022). Positive outcomes associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 33(2), 311–319.
  • Cost, K. T., Crosbie, J., Anagnostou, E., Birken, C. S., Charach, A., Monga, S., and Korczak, D. J. (2022). Mostly worse, occasionally better: impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Canadian children and adolescents. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 31(4), 671–684.
  • Domingues‐Montanari, S. (2017). Clinical and psychological effects of excessive screen time on children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 53(4), 333–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13462
  • Eisenberg, M. E., Toumbourou, J. W., Catalano, R. F., & Hemphill, S. A. (2014). Social norms in the development of adolescent substance use: A longitudinal analysis of the international youth development study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(9), 1486–1497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0111-1
  • Ellis, W. E., Dumas, T. M., & Forbes, L. M. (2020). Physically isolated but socially connected: Psychological adjustment and stress among adolescents during the initial COVID-19 crisis. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences du Comportement, 52(3), 177–187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000215
  • Enns, A., & Orpana, H. (2020). Original quantitative research-Autonomy, competence and relatedness and cannabis and alcohol use among youth in Canada: A cross-sectional analysis. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice, 40(5–6), 201. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.40.5/6.09
  • Evans, S., Mikocka-Walus, A., Klas, A., Olive, L., Sciberras, E., Karantzas, G., & Westrupp, E. M. (2020). From ‘It has stopped our lives’ to ‘Spending more time together has strengthened bonds’: The varied experiences of Australian families during COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2906. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588667
  • Fioramonti, L., Coscieme, L., Costanza, R., Kubiszewski, I., Trebeck, K., Wallis, S., … De Vogli, R. (2022). Wellbeing economy: An effective paradigm to mainstream post-growth policies? Ecological Economics, 192, 107261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107261
  • Fisher, A. N., & Ryan, M. K. (2021). Gender inequalities during COVID-19. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(2), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430220984248
  • Fitzgerald, J. B. (2022). Working time, inequality and carbon emissions in the USA: A multi-dividend approach to climate change mitigation. Energy Research & Social Science, 84, 102385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102385
  • Government of Canada. (2021a). Budget 2021: A recovery plan for jobs, growth, and resilience. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://www.budget.gc.ca/2021/home-accueil-en.html
  • Government of Canada. (2021b). Building back better: A plan to fight the COVID-19 recession. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://www.budget.gc.ca/fes-eea/2020/themes/building-back-better-rebatir-mieux-en.html
  • Halsall, T., Lachance, L., & Kristjansson, A. L. (2020). Examining the implementation of the Icelandic model for primary prevention of substance use in a rural Canadian community: A study protocol. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09288-y
  • Halsall, T., Mahmoud, K., Pouliot, A. & Iyer, S. N. (forthcoming). Building engagement to support adoption of community-based substance use prevention initiatives. Submitted to BMC Public Health, 33 pages.
  • Hansen, E. B., & Breivik, G. (2001). Sensation seeking as a predictor of positive and negative risk behaviour among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(4), 627–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00061-1
  • Hawke, L. D., Barbic, S. P., Voineskos, A., Szatmari, P., Cleverley, K., Hayes, E., … Henderson, J. L. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on youth mental health, substance use, and well-being: A rapid survey of clinical and community samples: Répercussions de la COVID-19 sur la santé mentale, l’utilisation de substances et le bien-être des adolescents: Un sondage rapide d’échantillons cliniques et communautaires. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 65(10), 701–709. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720940562
  • Health Canada. (2019). Summary of results for the Canadian student Tobacco, alcohol and drugs survey 2018-19. Retrieved September 21, 2021, from https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/canadian-student-tobacco-alcohol-drugs-survey/2018-2019-summary.html
  • Hilbrecht, M., Smale, B., & Mock, S. E. (2014). Highway to health? Commute time and well-being among Canadian adults. World Leisure Journal, 56(2), 151–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2014.903723
  • Hoeben, E. M., Meldrum, R. C., Walker, D. A., & Young, J. T. (2016). The role of peer delinquency and unstructured socializing in explaining delinquency and substance use: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Criminal Justice, 47, 108–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.08.001
  • Innocent, T., & Stevens, Q. (2021). Urban play as catalyst for social wellbeing post-pandemic. Frontiers in Computer Science, 3, 634145. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp
  • International Labour Organization., 2021. How women are being left behind in the quest for decent work for all. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://ilostat.ilo.org/how-women-are-being-left-behind-in-the-quest-for-decent-work-for-all/
  • Jaeger, E. L. (2016). Negotiating complexity: A bioecological systems perspective on literacy development. Human Development, 59(4), 163–187. https://doi.org/10.1159/000448743
  • Khan, A., Lee, E.-Y., Rosenbaum, S., Khan, S. R., & Tremblay, M. (2021). Dose-dependent and joint associations between screen time, physical activity, and mental wellbeing in adolescents: An international observational study. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 5(10), 729–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00200-5
  • Kristjánsson, A. L., Mann, M. J., Sigfusson, J., Thorisdottir, I. E., Allegrante, J. P., & Sigfúsdóttir, I. D. (2020a). Development and guiding principles of the Icelandic model for preventing adolescent substance use. Health Promotion Practice, 1524839919849032. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839919849032
  • Kristjánsson, A. L., Mann, M. J., Sigfusson, J., Thorisdottir, I. E., Allegrante, J. P., & Sigfúsdóttir, I. D. (2020b). Implementing the Icelandic model for preventing adolescent substance use. Health Promotion Practice, 1524839919849033. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839919849033
  • Kuntsche, E., Knibbe, R., Gmel, G., & Engels, R. (2005). Why do young people drink? A review of drinking motives. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(7), 841–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.06.002
  • Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55(1), 170. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.170
  • MacEachern, K. H., Venugopal, J., Varin, M., Weeks, M., Hussain, N., & Baker, M. M. (2021). Applying a gendered lens to understanding self-reported changes in alcohol and cannabis consumption during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, September to December 2020. Health Promotion & Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy & Practice, 41(11). https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.11.03
  • Mahoney, J. L., Cairns, B. D., & Farmer, T. W. (2003). Promoting interpersonal competence and educational success through extracurricular activity participation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(2), 409. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.2.409
  • Marzi, I., & Reimers, A. K. (2018). Children’s independent mobility: Current knowledge, future directions, and public health implications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112441
  • McMillen, D., Sarmiento-Barbieri, I., & Singh, R. (2019). Do more eyes on the street reduce crime? Evidence from Chicago’s safe passage program. Journal of Urban Economics, 110, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2019.01.001
  • Mehdi, T. & Morissette, R. (2021). Working from home in Canada: What have we learned so far? Statistics Canada: Ottawa, ON. doi: 10.25318/36280001202101000001-eng
  • Meldrum, R. C., & Leimberg, A. (2018). Unstructured socializing with peers and risk of substance use: Where does the risk begin? Journal of Drug Issues, 48(3), 452–471. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022042618774263
  • Meyers, D. C., Durlak, J. A., & Wandersman, A. (2012). The quality implementation framework: A synthesis of critical steps in the implementation process. American Journal of Community Psychology, 50(3), 462–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-012-9522-x
  • Ministry of Health. (2020). Enhanced public health measures for COVID-19. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/publichealth/coronavirus/docs/memos/CMOH_Memo_Enhanced_Public_Health_Measures_for_COVID-19_March_12_2020.pdf
  • Mitra, R., Moore, S. A., Gillespie, M., Faulkner, G., Vanderloo, L. M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Rhodes, R. E., Brussoni, M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Healthy movement behaviours in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the role of the neighbourhood environment. Health & Place, 65, 102418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102418
  • Moore, S. A., Faulkner, G., Rhodes, R. E., Brussoni, M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Ferguson, L. J., Mitra, R., O’Reilly, N., Spence, J. C., Vanderloo, L. M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: A national survey. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8
  • O’Brien, B. C., Harris, I. B., Beckman, T. J., Reed, D. A., & Cook, D. A. (2014). Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations. Academic Medicine, 89(9), 1245–1251. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000388
  • Ontario. (2021). Ontario COVID-19 worker income protection benefit. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.ontario.ca/page/covid-19-worker-income-protection-benefit
  • Ontario Newsroom. (2020). Ontario implementing stricter public health measures as province sets COVID-19 case record. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://news.ontario.ca/en/statement/56348/enhanced-measures-to-protect-ontarians-from-covid-19
  • Osgood, D. W., Wilson, J. K., O’malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Johnston, L. D. (1996). Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. American Sociological Review, 61(4), 635–655. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096397
  • Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C., Thornicroft, G., Baingana, F., Bolton, P., … Herrman, H. (2018). The lancet commission on global mental health and sustainable development. The Lancet, 392(10157), 1553–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31612-X
  • Pelletier, C. A., Cornish, K., & Sanders, C. (2021). Children’s independent mobility and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study with families. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094481
  • Planet Youth Lanark County. (2022). Lanark county survey findings. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://planetyouthlanark.ca/survey-findings/
  • Power, K. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the care burden of women and families. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1776561
  • Prime Minister of Canada. (2021). $10 a day child care for Canadian families. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2021/04/21/10-day-child-care-canadian-families
  • Rose-Krasnor, L. (2009). Future directions in youth involvement research. Social Development, 18(2), 497–509. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00506.x
  • Roth, J. L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). What exactly is a youth development program? Answers from research and practice. Applied Developmental Science, 7(2), 94–111. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532480XADS0702_6
  • Russell, W., & Stenning, A. (2020). Beyond active travel: Children, play and community on streets during and after the coronavirus lockdown. Cities & Health, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1795386
  • Rutter, H., Savona, N., Glonti, K., Bibby, J., Cummins, S., Finegood, D. T., and White, M. (2017). The need for a complex systems model of evidence for public health. The lancet, 390(10112), 2602–2604.
  • Rydin, Y., Bleahu, A., Davies, M., Dávila, J. D., Friel, S., De Grandis, G., … Wilson, J. (2012). Shaping cities for health: Complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century. The Lancet, 379(9831), 2079–2108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60435-8
  • Sandseter, E. B. H. (2009). Characteristics of risky play. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 9(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729670802702762
  • Sandseter, E. B. H., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2011). Children’s risky play from an evolutionary perspective: The anti-phobic effects of thrilling experiences. Evolutionary Psychology, 9(2), 257–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491100900212
  • Saville, G. (2009). SafeGrowth: Moving forward in neighbourhood development. Built Environment, 35(3), 386–402. https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.35.3.386
  • Shanahan, M. J., & Flaherty, B. P. (2001). Dynamic patterns of time use in adolescence. Child Development, 72(2), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00285
  • Sigfúsdóttir, I. D., Thorlindsson, T., Kristjánsson, Á. L., Roe, K. M., & Allegrante, J. P. (2009). Substance use prevention for adolescents: The Icelandic model. Health Promotion International, 24(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dan038
  • Special Advisory Committee on the Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses. (2021). Opioid and stimulant-related harms in Canada. Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from https://health-infobase.canada.ca/substance-related-harms/opioids-stimulants
  • Spettigue, W., Obeid, N., Erbach, M., Feder, S., Finner, N., Harrison, M. E., … Norris, M. L. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on adolescents with eating disorders: A cohort study. Journal of Eating Disorders, 9(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-021-00419-3
  • Szpunar, M., Vanderloo, L. M., Bruijns, B. A., Truelove, S., Burke, S. M., Gilliland, J., … Tucker, P. (2021). Children and parents’ perspectives of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Ontario children’s physical activity, play, and sport behaviours. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12344-w
  • Thorisdottir, I. E., Asgeirsdottir, B. B., Kristjansson, A. L., Valdimarsdottir, H. B., Tolgyes, E. M. J., Sigfusson, J., … Halldorsdottir, T. (2021). Depressive symptoms, mental wellbeing, and substance use among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland: A longitudinal, population-based study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(8), 663–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00156-5
  • Tremblay, M. S., Gray, C., Babcock, S., Barnes, J., Bradstreet, C. C., Carr, D., … Brussoni, M. (2015). Position statement on active outdoor play. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(6), 6475–6505. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120606475
  • Tudge, J. R., Mokrova, I., Hatfield, B. E., & Karnik, R. B. (2009). Uses and misuses of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 1(4), 198–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2589.2009.00026.x
  • Tudge, J. R., Payir, A., Merçon‐Vargas, E., Cao, H., Liang, Y., Li, J., & O’Brien, L. (2016). Still misused after all these years? A re-evaluation of the uses of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 8(4), 427–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12165
  • Ungar, M. (2005, December). Pathways to resilience among children in child welfare, corrections, mental health and educational settings: Navigation and negotiation. Child and youth care forum, 34(6), 423–444. Kluwer Academic Publishers-Human Sciences Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-005-7755-7
  • Ungar, M. (2007). Too safe for their own good: How risk and responsibility help teens thrive. McClelland & Stewart.
  • Vaillancourt, T., Brittain, H., Krygsman, A., Farrell, A. H., Landon, S., & Pepler, D. (2021). School bullying before and during COVID‐19: Results from a population‐based randomized design. Aggressive Behavior, 47(5), 557–569. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21986
  • Wade, M., Prime, H., Johnson, D., May, S. S., Jenkins, J. M., & Browne, D. T. (2021). The disparate impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of female and male caregivers. Social Science & Medicine, 275, 113801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113801
  • Weinbrenner, H., Breithut, J., Hebermehl, W., Kaufmann, A., Klinger, T., Palm, T., & Wirth, K. (2021). “The forest has become our new living room”–The critical importance of urban forests during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 68. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.672909
  • Williams, L., Rollins, L., Young, D., Fleming, L., Grealy, M., Janssen, X., … Flowers, P. (2021). What have we learned about positive changes experienced during COVID-19 lockdown? Evidence of the social patterning of change. PLoS One, 16(1), e0244873. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244873
  • World Health Organisation. (1986). Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion: First International Conference on Health Promotion Ottawa, 21 November. Retrieved online onNovember 21, from: https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/documents/services/health-promotion/population-health/ottawa-charter-health-promotion-international-conference-on-health-promotion/charter.pdf