Paradoxical experiences of healthcare workers during COVID-19: a qualitative analysis of anonymous, web-based, audio narratives

References

• Al-Ghunaim, T. A., Johnson, J., Biyani, C. S., & O’connor, D. (2021). Psychological and occupational impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK surgeons: A qualitative investigation. BMJ Open, 11, 4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045699
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, P., Hunter, R., Johnston, S., Jones, D., & Noble, S. (2020). Covid-19: Recording their stories provides emotional benefit to healthcare workers. The BMJ, 369, m1642. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2536
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bennett, P., Noble, S., Johnston, S., Jones, D., & Hunter, R. (2020). COVID-19 confessions: A qualitative exploration of healthcare workers experiences of working with COVID-19. BMJ Open, 10, 12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043949
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmaz. (2014). Constructing grounded theory research. NLN Publications, (15–2233), 33–12.
   Google Scholar
• Crozier, S. E., & Cassell, C. M. (2016). Methodological considerations in the use of audio diaries in work psychology: Adding to the qualitative toolkit. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89(2), 396–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danet Danet, A. (2021). Impacto psicológico de la COVID-19 en profesionales sanitarios de primera línea en el ámbito occidental. Una revisión sistemática. Medicina Clínica, 156(9), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2020.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Kock, J. H., Latham, H. A., Leslie, S. J., Grindle, M., Munoz, S. A., Ellis, L., Polson, R., & O’malley, C. M. (2021). A rapid review of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers: Implications for supporting psychological well-being. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10070-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, N. J., & Blazer, D. (2020). Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: Review and commentary of a national academies report. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(12), 1233–1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Castillo, R. J., González-Caro, M. D., Fernández-García, E., Porcel-Gálvez, A. M., & Garnacho-Montero, J. (2021). Intensive care nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Nursing in Critical Care, 26(5), 397–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley, G., & Timonen, V. (2015). Using grounded theory method to capture and analyze health care experiences. Health Services Research, 50(4), 1195–1210. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannopoulou, I., Galinaki, S., Kollintza, E., Adamaki, M., Kympouropoulos, S., Alevyzakis, E., Tsamakis, K., Tsangaris, I., Spandidos, D., Siafakas, N., Zoumpourlis, V., & Rizos, E. (2021). COVID‑19 and post‑traumatic stress disorder: The perfect ‘storm’ for mental health (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22(4), 4. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2019). The discovery of grounded theory. In The discovery of grounded theory; Sociology: Mill (pp. 1–18). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793206-1
   Google Scholar
• Hoernke, K., Djellouli, N., Andrews, L., Lewis-Jackson, S., Manby, L., Martin, S., Vanderslott, S., & Vindrola-Padros, C. (2021). Frontline healthcare workers’ experiences with personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: A rapid qualitative appraisal. BMJ Open, 11, 1. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046199
   Google Scholar
• Korkmaz, H., & Güloğlu, B. (2021). The role of uncertainty tolerance and meaning in life on depression and anxiety throughout Covid-19 pandemic. Personality and Individual Differences, 179, 110952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labrague, L. J., & De Los Santos, J. A. A. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety among front-line nurses: Predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(7), 1653–1661. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q., Luo, D., Haase, J. E., Guo, Q., Wang, X. Q., Liu, S., Xia, L., Liu, Z., Yang, J., & Yang, B. X. (2020). The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: A qualitative study. The Lancet Global Health, 8(6), e790–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30204-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y. E., Zhai, Z. C., Han, Y. H., Liu, Y. L., Liu, F. P., & Hu, D. Y. (2020). Experiences of front-line nurses combating coronavirus disease-2019 in China: A qualitative analysis. Public Health Nursing, 37(5), 757–763. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markham, T., & Couldry, N. (2007). Tracking the reflexivity of the (Dis)engaged citizen: Some methodological reflections. Qualitative Inquiry, 13(5), 675–695. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800407301182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsaa, K., Mendahl, J., Heilman, H., Johansson, H., Husum, M., Lippert, D., Sandholm, N., & Konradsen, H. (2021). Pride and uncertainty: A qualitative study of Danish nursing staff in temporary COVID-19 wards. Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 23(2), 140–144. https://doi.org/10.1097/NJH.0000000000000722
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monrouxe, L. V. (2009). Solicited audio diaries in longitudinal narrative research: A view from inside. Qualitative Research, 9(1), 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794108098032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller, A. E., Hafstad, E. V., Himmels, J. P. W., Smedslund, G., Flottorp, S., Stensland, S. Ø., Stroobants, S., Van de Velde, S., & Vist, G. E. (Elsevier Ireland Ltd November 1, 2020). The mental health impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, H., Hubbard Murdoch, N., & Norman, K. (2021). The role of uncertainty in the experiences of nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic: A phenomenological study. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 53(2), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0844562121992202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nitschke, J. P., Forbes, P. A. G., Ali, N., Cutler, J., Apps, M. A. J., Lockwood, P. L., & Lamm, C. (2021). Resilience during uncertainty? Greater social connectedness during COVID-19 lockdown is associated with reduced distress and fatigue. British Journal of Health Psychology, 26(2), 553–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, C. L., Finkelstein-Fox, L., Russell, B. S., Fendrich, M., Hutchinson, M., & Becker, J. (2021). Psychological resilience early in the COVID-19 pandemic: Stressors, resources, and coping strategies in a national sample of Americans. The American Psychologist, 76(5), 715–728. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons Leigh, J., Kemp, L. G., de Grood, C., Brundin-Mather, R., Stelfox, H. T., Ng-Kamstra, J. S., & Fiest, K. M. (2021). A qualitative study of physician perceptions and experiences of caring for critically Ill patients in the context of resource strain during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06393-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, G. E., McIntyre, K. M., Clough, H. E., & Rushton, J. (2021). Societal impacts of pandemics: Comparing COVID-19 with history to focus our response. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.630449
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennebaker, J. W.; Seagal, J. D. Forming a story: The health benefits of narrative. The Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1999, 55 (10), 1243–1254. https://doi.org/10.1002/SICI1097-467919991055:101243:AID-JCLP63.0.CO;2-N
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popay, J., & Ma, B. A. (1998). Qualitative research and evidence-based healthcare. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 91(35_suppl), 1998. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689809135S08
   Google Scholar
• Prakash, J., Chatterjee, K., Srivastava, K., Chauhan, V., & Chail, A. (2020). Role of various lifestyle and behavioral strategies in positive mental health across a preventive to therapeutic continuum. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 29(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_126_20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Revised U.S. Surveillance Case Definition for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Update on SARS Cases — United States and Worldwide. December, 2003 accessed November 3, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5249a2.html
   Google Scholar
• Saltzman, L. Y., Hansel, T. C., & Bordnick, P. S. L. (2020). Loneliness, isolation, and social support factors in post-COVID-19 mental health. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S55–57. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnell, T., & Krampe, H. (2020). Meaning in life and self-control buffer stress in times of COVID-19: Moderating and mediating effects with regard to mental distress. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shreffler, J., Huecker, J., & Petrey, M. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare worker wellness: A scoping review. The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 21(5), 1059–1066. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.7.48684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sofaer, S. (1999). Qualitative methods: What are they and why use them? Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 2), 1101–1118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, N., Wei, L., Shi, S., Jiao, D., Song, R., Ma Msc, L., Wang, H., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Liu, S., Liu, S., & Wang, H. (2020). Qualitative study: Experienced of caregivers during Covid19. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(6). 592–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsamakis, K., Tsiptsios, D., Ouranidis, A., Mueller, C., Schizas, D., Terniotis, C., Nikolakakis, N., Tyros, G., Kympouropoulos, S., Lazaris, A., Spandidos, D., Smyrnis, N., & Rizos, E. (2021). COVID‑19 and its consequences on mental health (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21(3), 244. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Eerde, W., Holman, D., & Totterdell, P. (2005). Editorial: Special section: Diary studies in work psychology. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(2), 151–154. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905x40826
   Google Scholar
• Verma, A. (2021). Using audio-diaries for research and education: AMEE guide no. 144. Medical Teacher, 43(12), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159x.2021.1972954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard | WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data. Retrieved November 3, 2022, from https://covid19.who.int/
   Google Scholar
• Xu, H., Stjernswärd, S., & Glasdam, S. (2021). Psychosocial experiences of frontline nurses working in hospital-based settings during the COVID-19 pandemic - a qualitative systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 3, 100037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100037
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yau, B., Vijh, R., Prairie, J., McKee, G., & Schwandt, M. (2021). Lived experiences of frontline workers and leaders during COVID-19 outbreaks in long-term care: A qualitative study. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(8), 978–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yıldırım, M., Çiçek, İ., & Şanlı, M. E. (2021). Coronavirus stress and COVID-19 burnout among healthcare staffs: The mediating role of optimism and social connectedness. Current Psychology, 40(11), 5763–5771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01781-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar