577
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Rapid mass losses of Urumqi River Basin glaciers, eastern Tianshan Mountains revealed from multi-temporal DEMs, 1964–2021

, , , , , , , , & show all
Article: 2295990 | Received 27 Mar 2023, Accepted 12 Dec 2023, Published online: 21 Dec 2023

References

  • Bahr, D., M. Dyurgerov, and M. Meier. 2009. “Sea-Level Rise from Glaciers and Ice Caps: A Lower Bound” Geophysical Research Letters 36: L03501. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036309.
  • Bahr, D., M. Meier, and S. Peckham. 1997. “The Physical Basis of Glacier Volume-Area Scaling” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 102(B9): 20355–20362. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01696.
  • Bolch, T., T. Pieczonka, and D. Benn. 2011. “Multi-Decadal Mass Loss of Glaciers in the Everest Area (Nepal Himalaya) Derived from Stereo Imagery.” The Cryosphere 5 (2): 349–358. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-349-2011.
  • Bolch, T., T. Yao, S. Kang, M. Buchroithner, D. Scherer, F. Maussion, E. Huintjes, and C. Schneider. 2010. “A Glacier Inventory for the Western Nyainqentanglha Range and the Nam Co Basin, Tibet, and Glacier Changes 1976–2009.” The Cryosphere 4: 419–433. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-419-2010.
  • Chen, J., C. Liu, and M. Jin. 1996. “Application of the Repeated Aerial Photogrammetry to Monitoring Glacier Variation in the Drainage Area of the Urumqi River.” Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology 18 (4): 331–336. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0049.
  • Elsberg, D., W. Harrison, K. Echelmeyer, and R. Krimmel. 2001. “Quantifying the Effects of Climate and Surface Change on Glacier Mass Balance.” Journal of Glaciology 47 (159): 649–658. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756501781831783.
  • Farinotti, D., M. Huss, J. Fürst, J. Landmann, H. Machguth, F. Maussion, and A. Pandit. 2019. “A Consensus Estimate for the Ice Thickness Distribution of All Glaciers on Earth.” Nature Geoscience 12: 168–173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0300-3.
  • Fischer, A. 2011. “Comparison of Direct and Geodetic Mass Balances on a Multi-Annual Time Scale.” The Cryosphere 5: 107–124. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-107-2011.
  • Fountain, A., and A. Vecchia. 1999. “How Many Stakes are Required to Measure the Mass Balance of a Glacier?” Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography 81 (4): 563–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00084.x.
  • Gardelle, J., E. Berthier, and Y. Arnaud. 2012. “Impact of Resolution and Radar Penetration on Glacier Elevation Changes Computed from DEM Differencing.” Journal of Glaciology 58 (208): 419–422. https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG11J175.
  • Hall, D., K. Bayr, W. Schöner, E. Bindschadler, and J. Chien. 2003. “Consideration of the Errors Inherent in Mapping Historical Glacier Positions in Austria from the Ground and Space (1893–2001).” Remote Sensing of Environment 86 (4): 566–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00134-2.
  • Hock, R., and H. Jensen. 1999. “Application of Kriging Interpolation for Glacier Mass Balance Computations.” Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography 81 (4): 611–619. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00089.x.
  • Huai, B., Y. Wang, Z. Li, W. Sun, and X. Wang. 2018. “Glacier Changes and its Effect on Water Resources in Urumqi River Basin, Tianshan Mountains, China, from 1964 to 2014.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11: 716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-4094-1.
  • Hugonnet, R., R. McNabb, E. Berthier, B. Menounos, C. Nuth, L. Girod, D. Farinotti, et al. 2021. “Accelerated Global Glacier Mass Loss in the Early Twenty-First Century.” Nature 592: 726–731. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03436-z.
  • Huss, M. 2013. “Density Assumptions for Converting Geodetic Glacier Volume Change to Mass Change.” The Cryosphere 7: 877–887. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-877-2013.
  • Immerzeel, W., A. Lutz, M. Andrade, A. Bahl, H. Biemans, T. Bolch, S. Hyde, et al. 2020. “Importance and Vulnerability of the World’s Water Towers.” Nature 577 (7790): 364–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1822-y.
  • Immerzeel, W., B. Van, and M. Bierkens. 2010. “Climate Change Will Affect the Asian Water Towers.” Science 328 (5984): 1382–1385. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183188.
  • IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2013. “Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.” In Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2021. “Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.” In Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change, edited by K. Fox, H. Hewitt, and C. Xiao, et al., 1273–1275. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jin, R., X. Li, T. Che, L. Wu, and P. Mool. 2005. “Glacier Area Changes in the Pumqu River Basin, Tibetan Plateau, Between the 1970s and 2001.” Journal of Glaciology 51 (175): 607–610. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829061.
  • Kuhn, M., E. Dreiseitl, S. Hofinger, G. Markl, N. Span, and G. Kaser. 1999. “Measurements and Models of the Mass Balance of Hintereisferner.” Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography 81 (4): 659–670. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00094.x.
  • Li, H. L. 2010. Glacier dynamic models and their applicability for the Alpine Glaciers in China. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences.
  • Li, H. L., P. Y. Wang, Z. Q. Li, S. Jin, C. H. Xu, S. S. Liu, Z. Y. Zhang, and L. P. Xu. 2022a. “An Application of Three Different Field Methods to Monitor Changes in Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Chinese Tien Shan, During 2012–18.” Journal of Glaciology 68 (267): 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.71.
  • Li, H. L., P. Y. Wang, Z. Q. Li, S. Jin, C. H. Xu, J. X. Mu, J. He, and F. C. Yu. 2022b. “Effect of topography on the changes of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains.” Journal of Arid Land 14 (7): 719–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-022-0068-y.
  • Liang, P., and L. Tian. 2022. “Estimation of Glacier Ice Storage in Western China Constrained by Field Ground-Penetrating Radar Surveys.” Advances in Climate Change Research 13 (3): 359–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2022.04.002.
  • Liu, S. Y., W. Sun, Y. Shen, and G. Li. 2003. “Glacier Changes Since the Little Ice Age Maximum in the Western Qilian Shan, Northwest China, and Consequences of Glacier Runoff for Water Supply.” Journal of Glaciology 49: 117–124. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830926.
  • Liu, S. Y., X. Yao, W. Guo, J. Xu, D. Shangguang, J. Wei, W. Bao, and L. Wu. 2015. “The Contemporary Glaciers in China Base on the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory.” Acta Geographica Sinica 70 (1): 3–16. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201501001.
  • Miles, E., M. McCarthy, A. Dehecq, S. Fugger, and F. Pellicciotti. 2021. “Health and Sustainability of Glaciers in High Mountain Asia.” Nature Communications 12: 2868. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23073-4.
  • Nie, Y., H. Pritchard, Q. Liu, T. Hennig, W. Wang, X. Wang, S. Liu, et al. 2021. “Glacial Change and Hydrological Implications in the Himalaya and Karakoram.” Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 2: 91–106. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-00124-w.
  • Nuth, C., and A. Kääb. 2011. “Co-registration and Bias Corrections of Satellite Elevation Data Sets for Quantifying Glacier Thickness Change.” The Cryosphere 5 (1): 271–290. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-271-2011.
  • Pieczonka, T., and T. Bolch. 2015. “Region-wide Glacier Mass Budgets and Area Changes for the Central Tien Shan Between ∼1975 and 1999 Using Hexagon KH-9 Imagery.” Global and Planetary Change 128: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.11.014.
  • Qin, D. 2016. Glossary of Cryospheric Science. Beijing: China Meteorological Press (Chinese).
  • Radić, V., and R. Hock. 2011. “Regionally Differentiated Contribution of Mountain Glaciers and ice Caps to Future sea-Level Rise.” Nature Geoscience 4: 91–94. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1052.
  • Rounce, D., R. Hock, and D. Shean. 2020. “Glacier Mass Change in High Mountain Asia Through 2100 Using the Open-Source Python Glacier Evolution Model (PyGEM).” Frontiers in Earth Science 7: 331. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00331.
  • Shean, D. E., Bhushan, S., Montesano, P., Rounce, D. R., Arendt, A. and Osmanoglu, B. 2020. A Systematic, Regional Assessment of High Mountain Asia Glacier Mass Balance. Frontiers in Earth Science 7: 363. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00363
  • Silverio, W., and J. Jaquet. 2005. “Glacial Cover Mapping (1987–1996) of the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) Using Satellite Imagery.” Remote Sensing of Environment 95 (3): 342–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.12.012.
  • Tianshan Glaciological Station. 2011. “The Annual Report of the Tianshan Glaciological Station. Lanzhou.: Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1–20.
  • Wang, P., H. Li, Z. Li, Y. Liu, C. Xu, J. Mu, and H. Zhang. 2021. “Seasonal Surface Change of Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Eastern Tien Shan, China, Revealed by Repeated High-Resolution UAV Photogrammetry.” Remote Sensing 13: 3398. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173398.
  • Wang, P., Z. Li, H. Li, W. Wang, P. Zhou, and L. Wang. 2017. “Characteristics of a Partially Debris-Covered Glacier and its Response to Atmospheric Warming in Mt. Tomor, Tien Shan, China.” Global and Planetary Change 159: 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.10.006.
  • Wang, P., Z. Li, C. Schneider, H. Li, A. Hamm, S. Jin, C. Xu, H. Li, X. Yue, and M. Yang. 2020. “A Test Study of an Energy and Mass Balance Model Application to a Site on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Chinese Tian Shan.” Water 12: 2865. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102865.
  • Wang, P., Z. Li, C. Xu, P. Zhou, W. Wang, S. Jin, and H. Li. 2019. “Primary Investigation of Statistical Correlation Between Changes in ice Volume and Area of Glaciers.” Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions 11 (1): 41–49. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1226.2019.00041.
  • WGMS (World Glacier Monitoring Service). 2022. Fluctuations of Glaciers Database. Zurich: World Glacier Monitoring Service. https://doi.org/10.5904/wgms-fog-2022-11
  • Williams, R. S., D. Hall, O. Siguresson, and J. Chien. 1997. “Comparison of Satellite-Derived with Ground-Based Measurements of the Fluctuations of the Margins of Vatnajökull, Iceland, 1973–92.” Annals of Glaciology 24: 72–80. https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500011964.
  • Xie, Z., and C. Liu. 2010. Introduction to Glaciology. Shanghai: Shanghai Popular Science Press (Chinese).
  • Xu, C., Z. Li, H. Li, F. Wang, and P. Zhou. 2019. “Long-Range Terrestrial Laser Scanning Measurements of Annual and Intra-Annual Mass Balances for Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Eastern Tien Shan, China.” The Cryosphere 13: 2361–2383. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2361-2019.
  • Xue, Y., Z. Jing, S. Kang, X. He, and C. Li. 2021. “Combining UAV and Landsat Data to Assess Glacier Changes on the Central Tibetan Plateau.” Journal of Glaciology 67 (265): 862–874. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.37.
  • Yang, D., E. Kang, and B. Felix. 1992. “Characteristics of Precipitation in the Source Area of the Urumqi River Basin.” Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology 14: 258–266. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1992.0041.
  • Yao, T., T. Bolch, D. Chen, J. Gao, W. Immerzeel, S. Piao, F. Su, et al. 2022. “The Imbalance of the Asian Water Tower.” Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 3: 618–632. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00299-4.
  • Zhu, M., T. Yao, W. Yang, B. Xu, G. Wu, and X. Wang. 2018. “Differences in Mass Balance Behavior for Three Glaciers from Different Climatic Regions on the Tibetan Plateau.” Climate Dynamics 50: 3457–3484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3817-4.