1,593
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Career Mobility in a Global Era: Advances in Managing Expatriation and Repatriation

, &

References

  • Adler, N. J. (1979). Women as androgynous managers: A conceptualization of the potential for American women in international management. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 3, 407–436. doi: 10.1016/0147-1767(79)90006-3
  • Adler, N. J. (1981). Re-entry: Managing cross-cultural transitions. Group & Organization Management, 6, 341–356. doi: 10.1177/105960118100600310
  • Adler, N. J. (1984). Women in international management: Where are they? California Management Review, 26(4), 78–89. doi: 10.2307/41165099
  • Aguzzoli, R., & Geary, J. (2014). An “emerging challenge”: The employment practices of a Brazilian multinational company in Canada. Human Relations, 67, 587–609. doi: 10.1177/0018726713497523
  • Afsar, B., & Rehman, M. (2015). The relationship between workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: the mediating role of perceived person-organization fit. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 12(4), 329–353. doi: 10.1080/14766086.2015.1060515
  • Ahad, M., Osman-Gani, A., & Hyder, A. S. (2008). Repatriation readjustment of international managers: An empirical analysis of HRD interventions. Career Development International, 13, 456–475. doi: 10.1108/13620430810891473
  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Al Ariss, A. (2010). Modes of engagement: Migration, self-initiated expatriation, and career development. Career Development International, 15, 338–358. doi: 10.1108/13620431011066231
  • Al Ariss, A., Özbilgin, M., Tatli, A., & April, K. (2014). Tackling whiteness in organizations and management. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29, 362–369. doi: 10.1108/JMP-10-2013-0331
  • Al-Rajhi, I., Altman, Y., Metcalfe, B., & Roussel, J. (2006). Managing impatriate adjustment as a core human resource management challenge. People and Strategy, 29(4), 15–23.
  • Allard, L. A. C. (1996). Managing globe-trotting expats. Management Review, 85(5), 38–43.
  • Altman, Y., & Baruch, Y. (2012). Global self-initiated corporate expatriate careers: A new era in international assignments? Personnel Review, 41, 233–255. doi: 10.1108/00483481211200051
  • Altman, Y., & Shortland, S. (2001). Women, aliens and international assignments. Women in Management Review, 16, 141–146. doi: 10.1108/09649420110390291
  • Altman, Y., & Shortland, S. (2008). Women and international assignments: Taking stock—A 25-year review. Human Resource Management, 47, 199–216. doi: 10.1002/hrm.20208
  • Anderson, A. R., Brahem, M., & El Harbi, S. (2014). Globalization, internationalization and the entrepreneurial responses of Tunisian clothing firms. In M. T. T. Thai & E. Turkina (Eds.), Internationalization of firms from economies in transition (pp. 247–275). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Andresen, M., Al Ariss, A., & Walther, M. (Eds.) (2013). Self-initiated expatriation. London: Routledge.
  • Armstrong, M., & Murlis, H. (2004). Reward management: A handbook of remuneration strategy and practice. London: Kogan Page.
  • Arthur, M. B., Claman, P. H., & DeFillippi, R. J. (1995). Intelligent enterprise, intelligent careers. The Academy of Management Executive, 9(4), 7–20.
  • Arthur, M. B., Hall, D. T., & Lawrence, B. S. (1989). Generating new directions in career theory: The case for a transdisciplinary approach. In M. B. Arthur, D. T. Hall, & B. S. Lawrence (Eds.), Handbook of career theory (pp. 7–25). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (1996). The boundaryless career as a new employment principle. In M. G. Arthur & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), The boundaryless career (pp. 3–20). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of management review, 14, 20–39.
  • Aycan, Z. (1997). Expatriate adjustment as a multifaceted phenomenon: Individual and organizational level predictors. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8, 434–456. doi: 10.1080/095851997341540
  • Baird, L., & Meshoulam, I. (1988). Managing two fits of strategic human resource management. Academy of Management review, 13, 116–128.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1–26. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
  • Barkema, H. G., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (1998). Managerial compensation and firm performance: A general research framework. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 135–145. doi: 10.2307/257098
  • Bartlett, C. A., & Ghoshal, S. (1989). Managing across borders. The transnational solution. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.
  • Baruch, Y. (1995). Business globalization—The human resource management aspect. Human Systems Management, 14, 313–326.
  • Baruch, Y. (2004). Managing careers: Theory and practice. Harlow: FT-Prentice Hall/Pearson.
  • Baruch, Y. (2015). Organizational and labor market as career eco-system. In A. De Vos & B. Van der Heijden (Eds.), Handbook of research on sustainable careers (pp. 164–180). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Baruch, Y., & Altman, Y. (2002). Expatriation and repatriation in MNC: A Taxonomy. Human Resource Management, 41, 239–259. doi: 10.1002/hrm.10034
  • Baruch, Y., & Bozionelos, N. (2011). Career issues. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial & organizational psychology (pp. 67–113). Washington, DC: APA.
  • Baruch, Y., Budhwar, P., & Khatri, N. (2007). Brain drain: Inclination to stay abroad after studies. Journal of World Business, 42, 99–112. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2006.11.004
  • Baruch, Y., Dickmann, M., Altman, Y., & Bournois, F. (2013). Exploring international work: Types and dimensions of global careers. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24, 2369–2393. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2013.781435
  • Baruch, Y., Steele, D. J., & Quantrill, G. A. (2002). Management of expatriation and repatriation for novice global player. International Journal of Manpower, 23, 659–671. doi: 10.1108/01437720210450824
  • Baruch, Y., Szücs, N., & Gunz, H. (2015). Career studies in search of theory: The rise and rise of concepts. Career Development International, 20(1), 3–20. doi: 10.1108/CDI-11-2013-0137
  • Bauer, T., & Zimmermann, K. (1998). Causes of international migration: A survey. In C. Gorter, P. Nijkamp, & J. Poot (Eds.), Crossing borders: Regional and urban perspectives on international migration (pp. 95–127). Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Beaverstock, J. V. (2004). “Managing across borders”: Knowledge management and expatriation in professional service legal firms. Journal of Economic Geography, 4, 157–179. doi: 10.1093/jeg/4.2.157
  • Beck, U. (2002). Individualization: Institutionalized individualism and its social and political consequences (Vol. 13). London: Sage.
  • Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital. New York, NY: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Beets, G., & Willekens, F. (2009). The global economic crisis and international migration: An uncertain outlook. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press.
  • Belderbos, R. A., & Heijltjes, M. G. (2005). The determinants of expatriate staffing by Japanese multinationals in Asia: Control, learning and vertical business groups. Journal of International Business Studies, 36, 341–354. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400135
  • Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88, 354–364. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.88.4.354
  • Benson, G. S., & Pattie, M. (2008). Is expatriation good for my career? The impact of expatriate assignments on perceived and actual career outcomes. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19, 1636–1653. doi: 10.1080/09585190802295058
  • Benson, P. (1978). Measuring cross-cultural adjustment: The problem of criteria. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2, 21–37. doi: 10.1016/0147-1767(78)90027-5
  • Berry, D. P., & Bell, M. P. (2012). “Expatriates”: Gender, race and class distinctions in international management. Gender, Work & Organization, 19, 10–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0432.2011.00577.x
  • Berry, J. W. (1980a). Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. In A. M. Padilla (Ed.), Acculturation: Theory, models and some new findings (pp. 9–25). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Berry, J. W. (1980b). Social and cultural change. In H. C. Triandis & R. W. Brislin (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (5, pp. 211–279). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Berry, J. W. (1990). Psychology of acculturation. In N. R. Goldberger & J. B. Veroff (Eds.), The culture and psychology reader (pp. 457–488). New York: New York University Press.
  • Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1991a). Antecedents to cross-cultural adjustment for expatriates in Pacific Rim assignments. Human Relations, 44, 497–515. doi: 10.1177/001872679104400505
  • Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1991b). When Yankee comes home: Factors related to expatriate and spouse repatriation adjustment. Journal of International Business Studies, 22, 671–694. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490319
  • Blau, P. M. (1968). Social exchange. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 7, 452–457.
  • Bolino, M. C. (2007). Expatriate assignments and intra-organizational career success: Implications for individuals and organizations. Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 819–835. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400290
  • Bolino, M. C., & Feldman, D. C. (2000). The antecedents and consequences of underemployment among expatriates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 889–911. doi: 10.1002/1099-1379(200012)21:8<889::AID-JOB60>3.0.CO;2-G
  • Bonache, J. (2006). The compensation of expatriates: A review and a future research agenda. In G. K. Stahl & I. Bjorkman (Eds.), Handbook of research in international human resource management (pp. 158–175). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Bonache, J., Brewster, C., & Suutari, V. (2001). Expatriation: A developing research agenda. Thunderbird International Business Review, 43, 3–20. doi: 10.1002/1520-6874(200101/02)43:1<3::AID-TIE2>3.0.CO;2-4
  • Borg, M. (1988). International transfer of managers in multinational corporations. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell Int.
  • Boyacigiller, N. (1990). The role of expatriates in the management of interdependence, complexity and risk in multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, 21, 357–381. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490825
  • Bozionelos, N. (2009). Expatriation outside the boundaries of the multinational corporation: A study with expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia. Human Resource Management, 48, 111–134. doi: 10.1002/hrm.20269
  • Brettell, C. B., & Hollifield, J. F. (Eds.). (2014). Migration theory: Talking across disciplines. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Brewster, C., & Scullion, H. (1997). A review and agenda for expatriate HRM. Human Resource Management Journal, 7(3), 32–41. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-8583.1997.tb00424.x
  • Briscoe, J. P., Hall, D. T., & Mayrhofer, W. (2011). Careers around the world: Individual and contextual perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Brookfield Global Relocation Services. (2015). Survey. Retrieved December 26, 15, from http://globalmobilitytrends.brookfieldgrs.com/#/collapse2?q=27
  • Buckley, P. J. (2015). The contribution of internalisation theory to international business: New realities and unanswered questions. Journal of World Business. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2015.08.012
  • Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2006). International assignee selection and cross-cultural training and development. In G. K. Stahl, I. Bjorkman, & S. Morris (Eds.), Handbook of research in international human resource management (pp. 321–342). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Carpenter, M. A., Sanders, W. G., & Gregersen, H. B. (2001). Bundling human capital with organizational context: The impact of international assignment experience on multinational firm performance and CEO pay. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 493–511. doi: 10.2307/3069366
  • Carr, S. C., Rugimbana, R. O., Walkom, E., & Bolitho, F. H. (2001). Selecting expatriates in developing areas: “Country-of-origin” effects in Tanzania? International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25, 441–457. doi: 10.1016/S0147-1767(01)00015-3
  • Carraher, S. M., Sullivan, S. E., & Crocitto, M. M. (2008). Mentoring across global boundaries: An empirical examination of home- and host-country mentors on expatriate career outcomes. Journal of International Business Studies, 39, 1310–1326. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400407
  • Cascio, W. F., & Boudreau, J. W. (2015). The search for global competence: From international HR to talent management. Journal of World Business. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2015.10.002
  • Cerdin, J.-L., & Brewster, C. (2014). Talent management and expatriation: Bridging two streams of research and practice. Journal of World Business, 49, 245–252. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2013.11.008
  • Chambers, E. G., Foulon, M., Handfield-Jones, H., Hankin, S. M., Michaels, E. G. III. (1998). The war for talent. The McKinsey Quarterly, 3, 45–57.
  • Chen, C. C., Choi, J., & Chi, S. C. (2002). Making justice sense of local-expatriate compensation disparity: Mitigation by local referents, ideological explanations, and interpersonal sensitivity in China-foreign joint ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 807–817. doi: 10.2307/3069313
  • Clark, D., & Altman, Y. (2016). In the age of ‘liquid modernity’: Self-initiated expatriates in Crete, their multi-generational families and the community. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27, 729–743. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1079230
  • Cohen-Charash, Y., & Spector, P. E. (2001). The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86, 278–321. doi: 10.1006/obhd.2001.2958
  • Collings, D. G., Scullion, H., & Dowling, P. J. (2009). Global staffing: A review and thematic research agenda. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 1253–1272. doi: 10.1080/09585190902909806
  • Collings, D. G., Scullion, H., & Morley, M. J. (2007). Changing patterns of global staffing in the multinational enterprise: Challenges to the conventional expatriate assignment and emerging alternatives. Journal of World Business, 42, 198–213. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2007.02.005
  • Cooper, C. L., Dewe, P. J., & O’Driscoll, M. P. (2001). Organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Cox, J. B. (2004). The role of communication, technology, and cultural identity in repatriation adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28, 201–219. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2004.06.005
  • Crocitto, M. M., Sullivan, S. E., & Carraher, S. M. (2005). Global mentoring as a means of career development and knowledge creation: A learning-based framework and agenda for future research. Career Development International, 10, 522–535. doi: 10.1108/13620430510620593
  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A., & Ramamurti, R. (2014). Understanding multinationals from emerging markets. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Deutsch, M. (1975). Equity, equality, and need: What determines which value will be used as the basis of distributive justice? Journal of Social Issues, 31, 137–149. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1975.tb01000.x
  • Dickmann, M., & Baruch, Y. (2011). Global careers. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Dickmann, M., & Harris, H. (2005). Developing career capital for global careers: The role of international assignments. Journal of World Business, 40, 399–408. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2005.08.007
  • Doherty, N. (2013). Understanding the self-initiated expatriate: A review and directions for future research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15, 447–469.
  • Doherty, N., Dickmann, M., & Mills, T. (2011). Exploring the motives of company-backed and self-initiated expatriates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 595–611. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2011.543637
  • Doherty, N., Richardson, J., & Thorn, K. (2013). Self-initiated expatriation and self-initiated expatriates: Clarification of the research stream. Career Development International, 18, 97–112. doi: 10.1108/13620431311305971
  • Doherty, N. T., & Dickmann, M. (2012). Measuring the return on investment in international assignments: An action research approach. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23, 3434–3454. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2011.637062
  • Dowling, P. J., & Welch, D. E. (2004). International human resource management (4th ed). Belmont, CA: Thomson.
  • Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109, 573–598. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573
  • Edström, A., & Galbraith, J. R. (1977). Transfer of managers as a coordination and control strategy in multinational organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 248–263. doi: 10.2307/2391959
  • Eikhof, D.R., Warhurst, C., & Haunschild, A. (2007). Introduction: What work? What life? What balance? Critical reflections on the work-life balance debate. Employee Relations, 29, 325–333. doi: 10.1108/01425450710839452
  • Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 51–59. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.75.1.51
  • Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review, 14, 57–74.
  • Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2, 335–362. doi: 10.1146/annurev.so.02.080176.002003
  • Engle, R. L., Schlägel, C., Dimitriadi, N., Tatoglu, E., & Ljubica, J. (2015). The intention to become an expatriate: A multinational application of the theory of planned behaviour. European Journal of International Management, 9, 108–137. doi: 10.1504/EJIM.2015.066623
  • European labour mobility: On the move. (2014). The Economist, 13 January.
  • Farrell, D., & Grant, A. (2005). Addressing China’s looming talent shortage. London: McKinsey Global Institute.
  • Fenwick, M. (2005). Extending strategic international human resource management research and pedagogy to the non-profit multinational. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 497–512. doi: 10.1080/09585190500051480
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Fisher, K., Hutchings, K., & Pinto, L. H. (2015). Pioneers across war zones: The lived acculturation experiences of US female military expatriates. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.05.005
  • Forstenlechner, I., & Mellahi, K. (2011). Gaining legitimacy through hiring local workforce at a premium: The case of MNEs in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of World Business, 46, 455–461. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2010.10.006
  • Forstenlechner, I., Selim, H. M., Baruch, Y., & Madi, M. (2014). Shifting career paradigms in emerging economies: Career exploration and employability in the private and public sectors. Human Resource Management, 53, 45–66. doi: 10.1002/hrm.21553
  • Fulmer, R. M., & Gibbs, P. A. (1999). Self-directed careers. In R. R. Sims & J. G. Veres (Eds.), Keys to employee success in coming decades (pp. 55–70). Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
  • Furnham, A., & Bochner, S. (1986). Culture shock: Psychological reactions to unfamiliar environments. London: Methuen.
  • Gedro, J., Mizzi, R. C., Rocco, T. S., & van Loo, J. (2013). Going global: Professional mobility and concerns for LGBT workers. Human Resource Development International, 16(3), 282–297. doi: 10.1080/13678868.2013.771869
  • Glanz, L., Williams, R., & Hoeksema, L. (2001). Sensemaking in expatriation—A theoretical basis. Thunderbird International Business Review, 43, 101–120. doi: 10.1002/1520-6874(200101/02)43:1<101::AID-TIE7>3.0.CO;2-T
  • Gomez-Mejia, L., & Balkin, D. B. (1987). The determinants of managerial satisfaction with the expatriation and repatriation process. Journal of Management Development, 6, 7–17. doi: 10.1108/eb051631
  • Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). The relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of LMX theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level, multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6, 219–247. doi: 10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5
  • Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31, 72–92. doi: 10.5465/AMR.2006.19379625
  • Gunz, H., Mayrhofer, W., & Tolbert, P. (2011). Career as a social and political phenomenon in the globalized economy. Organization Studies, 32, 1613–1620. doi: 10.1177/0170840611421239
  • Guzzo, R. A., Noonan, K. A., & Elron, E. (1994). Expatriate managers and the psychological contract. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 617–626. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.617
  • Hall, D. T. (2004). The protean career: A quarter-century journey. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65, 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.006
  • Hammer, L. B., Allen, E., & Grigsby, T. D. (1997). Work-family conflict in dual-earner couples: Within-individual and crossover effects of work and family. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 185–203. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.1996.1557
  • Hammer, M. R., Hart, W., & Rogan, R. (1998). Can you go home again? An analysis of the repatriation of corporate managers and spouses. MIR: Management International Review, 1, 67–86.
  • Harari, Y. N. (2014). Sapiens: A brief history of humankind. London: Vintage.
  • Harris, H. (2002). Think international manager, think male: Why are women not selected for international management assignments? Thunderbird International Business Review, 44, 175–203. doi: 10.1002/tie.10010
  • Harris, H., & Brewster, C. (2002). International human resource management. International human resource management: A European perspective. London: Routledge.
  • Hart, D. (2015). Individual & organizational perspectives of state ambassadors. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Birmingham University, UK.
  • Harvey, M. (1997). Dual-career expatriates: Expectations, adjustment and satisfaction with international relocation. Journal of International Business Studies, 28, 627–658. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490114
  • Harvey, M., & Moeller, M. (2009). Expatriate managers: A historical review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 11, 275–296. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00261.x
  • Harvey, M., Speier, C., & Novicevic, M. M. (1999). The role of inpatriation in global staffing. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10, 459–476. doi: 10.1080/095851999340422
  • Harvey, M., & Wiese, D. (1998a). The dual-career couple: Female expatriates and male trailing spouses. Thunderbird International Business Review, 40, 359–388. doi: 10.1002/tie.4270400404
  • Harvey, M., & Wiese, D. (1998b). Global dual-career couple mentoring: A phase model approach. Human Resource Planning, 21, 33–49.
  • Harvey, M. G., & Buckley, M. R. (1998). The process for developing an international program for dual-career couples. Human Resource Management Review, 8, 99–123. doi: 10.1016/S1053-4822(99)80041-2
  • Harzing, A. W. K. (1995). The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 6, 457–474. doi: 10.1080/09585199500000028
  • Harzing, A. W. K. (2001). Of bears, bumble-bees and spiders: The role of expatriates in controlling foreign subsidiaries. Journal of World Business, 36, 366–379. doi: 10.1016/S1090-9516(01)00061-X
  • Haslberger, A. (2011). Workplace spirituality and expatriate assignments: What are the issues? Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8, 41–68. doi: 10.1080/14766086.2011.552258
  • Hays, R. D. (1974). Expatriate selection: Insuring success and avoiding failure. Journal of International Business Studies, 5, 25–37. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490810
  • Herman, J. L., & Tetrick, L. E. (2009). Problem-focused versus emotion-focused coping strategies and repatriation adjustment. Human Resource Management, 48, 69–88. doi: 10.1002/hrm.20267
  • Higgins, M. C. (2005). Career imprints creating leaders across an industry. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass.
  • Ho, N. T. T., Seet, P. S., & Jones, J. (2015). Understanding re-expatriation intentions among overseas returnees—An emerging economy perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. doi:10.1080/09585192.2015.1088884
  • Hodgkinson, G. P., & Ford, J. K. (2014). Narrative, meta-analytic, and systematic reviews: What are the differences and why do they matter? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, S1–S5. doi: 10.1002/job.1918
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Holbeche, L. (2009). Aligning human resources and business strategy (2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Holopainen, J., & Björkman, I. (2005). The personal characteristics of the successful expatriate: A critical review of the literature and an empirical investigation. Personnel Review, 34, 37–50. doi: 10.1108/00483480510578476
  • Houghton, J. D., Neck, C. P., & Krishnakumar, S. (2015). The what, why, and how of spirituality in the workplace revisited: A 14-year update and extension. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 12, 17–37. doi: 10.1080/14766086.2014.886518
  • Howe-Walsh, L., & Schyns, B. (2010). Self-initiated expatriation: Implications for HRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 260–273. doi: 10.1080/09585190903509571
  • Hutchings, K., & Michailova, S. (2014). Women in international management: Reviewing past trends and identifying emerging and future issues. In K. Hutchings & S. Michailova (Eds.), Research handbook on women in international management (pp. 3–17). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Iansiti, M., & Levien, R. (2004). Strategy as ecology. Harvard Business Review, 82(3), 68–81.
  • Ibarra, H. (1992). Homophily and differential returns: Sex differences in network structure and access in an advertising firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 422–447. doi: 10.2307/2393451
  • Insch, G. S., McIntyre, N., & Napier, N. K. (2008). The expatriate glass ceiling: The second layer of glass. Journal of Business Ethics, 83, 19–28. doi: 10.1007/s10551-007-9649-0
  • Izraeli, D. N., Banai, M., & Zeira, Y. (1980). Women executives in MNC subsidiaries. California Management Review, 23, 53–63. doi: 10.2307/41164904
  • Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., & Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management. The Academy of Management Annals, 8, 1–56. doi: 10.1080/19416520.2014.872335
  • Jokinen, T., Brewster, C., & Suutari, V. (2008). Career capital during international work experiences: Contrasting Self-initiated expatriate experiences and assigned expatriation. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19, 979–998. doi: 10.1080/09585190802051279
  • Jones, C., & DeFillippi, R. J. (1996). Back to the future in film: Combining industry and self-knowledge to meet the career challenges of the 21st century. The Academy of Management Executive, 10(4), 89–103.
  • Känsälä, M., Mäkelä, L., & Suutari, V. (2014). Career coordination strategies among dual career expatriate couples. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.985327
  • Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The social psychology of organizations. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Kay, M., & Taylor, W. G. K. (1997). Expatriate culture shock in China: A study in the Beijing hotel industry. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 12, 496–510. doi: 10.1108/02683949710189102
  • Kim, H. D., & Tung, R. L. (2013). Opportunities and challenges for expatriates in emerging markets: An exploratory study of Korean expatriates in India. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24, 1029–1050. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2012.753551
  • Koenig, A. M., Eagly, A. H., Mitchell, A. A., & Ristikari, T. (2011). Are leader stereotypes masculine? A meta-analysis of three research paradigms. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 616–642. doi: 10.1037/a0023557
  • Konopaske, R., & Werner, S. (2005). US managers’ willingness to accept a global assignment: Do expatriate benefits and assignment length make a difference? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 1159–1175. doi: 10.1080/09585190500143998
  • Kraimer, M. L., Shaffer, M. A., & Bolino, M. C. (2009). The influence of expatriate and repatriate experiences on career advancement and repatriate retention. Human Resource Management, 48, 27–47. doi: 10.1002/hrm.20265
  • Kulkarni, M., Lengnick-Hall, M. L., & Valk, R. (2010). Employee perceptions of repatriation in an emerging economy: The Indian experience. Human Resource Management, 49, 531–548. doi: 10.1002/hrm.20352
  • Kumra, S. (2013). A gendered analysis of international career development: Progress, pitfalls and prospects. In S. Vinnicombe, R. J. Burke, S. Blake-Beard, & L. L. Moore (Eds.), Handbook of research on promoting women’s careers (pp. 369–387). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Lambert, L. S., Edwards, J. R., & Cable, D. M. (2003). Breach and fulfillment of the psychological contract: A comparison of traditional and expanded views. Personnel Psychology, 56, 895–934. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00244.x
  • Lauring, J., & Selmer, J. (2009). Expatriate compound living: An ethnographic field study. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 1451–1467. doi: 10.1080/09585190902983215
  • Lauring, J., & Selmer, J. (2010). The supportive expatriate spouse: An ethnographic study of spouse involvement in expatriate careers. International Business Review, 19, 59–69. doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2009.09.006
  • Lazarova, M. (2015). Taking stock of repatriation research. In D. G. Collings, G. T. Wood, & P. M. Caligiuri (Eds.), The Routledge companion to international human resource management (pp. 378–398). Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Lazarsfeld, P. F., & Merton, R. K. (1954). Friendship as a social process: A substantive and methodological analysis. Freedom and Control in Modern Society, 18(1), 18–66.
  • Lee, C. I. S. G., Felps, W., & Baruch, Y. (2014). Toward a taxonomy of career studies through bibliometric visualization. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85, 339–351. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.008
  • Lee, L. Y., & Sukoco, B. M. (2010). The effects of cultural intelligence on expatriate performance: The moderating effects of international experience. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 963–981. doi: 10.1080/09585191003783397
  • Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • Lin, N. (2002). Social capital: A theory of social structure and action (Vol. 19). Cambridge: Cambridge university press.
  • Linehan, M., & Walsh, J. S. (1999). Senior female international managers: Breaking the glass border. Women in Management Review, 14, 264–272. doi: 10.1108/09649429910291113
  • Linehan, M., & Walsh, J. S. (2000). Beyond the traditional linear view of international managerial careers: A new model of the senior female career in an international context. Journal of European Industrial Training, 24, 178–189. doi: 10.1108/03090590010321142
  • Liu, Y., & Ipe, M. (2010). The impact of organizational and leader-member support on expatriate commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 1035–1048. doi: 10.1080/09585191003783496
  • Livingston, R. W., & Pearce, N. A. (2009). The teddy-bear effect does having a baby face benefit black chief executive officers? Psychological Science, 20, 1229–1236. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02431.x
  • Livingstone, R. W., Rosette, A. S., & Washington, E. F. (2012). Can an angry black woman get ahead? The impact of race and dominance on perceptions of female leaders. Psychological Science, 23, 354–358. doi: 10.1177/0956797611428079
  • Luo, Y., & Tung, R. L. (2007). International expansion of emerging market enterprises: A springboard perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 481–498. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400275
  • Lyness, K. S., & Judiesch, M. K. (2008). Can a manager have a life and a career? International and multisource perspectives on work-life balance and career advancement potential. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 789–805. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.789
  • MacDonald, S., & Arthur, N. (2005). Connecting career management to repatriation adjustment. Career Development International, 10, 145–159. doi: 10.1108/13620430510588338
  • Madden, M. S., & Cohn, S. L. (1966). The legal status and problems of the American abroad. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 368(1), 119–131. doi: 10.1177/000271626636800112
  • Mainiero, L. A., & Sullivan, S. E. (2006). The opt-out revolt: Why people are leaving companies to create kaleidoscope careers. Palo Alto, CA: Davis-Black.
  • Mäkelä, L., Suutari, V., Brewster, C., Dickmann, M., & Tornikoski, C. (2015). The impact of career capital on expatriates’ perceived marketability. Thunderbird International Business Review. doi:10.1002/tie.21742
  • Malhotra, A., & Majchrzak, A. (2014). Enhancing performance of geographically distributed teams through targeted use of information and communication technologies. Human Relations, 67, 389–411. doi: 10.1177/0018726713495284
  • Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 171–194. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171
  • Mayerhofer, H., Hartmann, L. C., Michelitsch-Riedl, G., & Kollinger, I. (2004). Flexpatriate assignments: A neglected issue in global staffing. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15, 1371–1389. doi: 10.1080/0958519042000257986
  • McFarlin, D. B., & Sweeney, P. D. (1992). Research notes. Distributive and procedural justice as predictors of satisfaction with personal and organizational outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 35, 626–637. doi: 10.2307/256489
  • McNulty, Y. (2014). Modern expatriation through the lens of global careers, psychological contracts, and individual return on investment. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 33(3), 6–22. doi: 10.1002/joe.21541
  • McNulty, Y. (2015). Acculturating non-traditional expatriates: A case study of single parent, overseas adoption, split family, and lesbian assignees. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.05.006
  • McNulty, Y., De Cieri, H., & Hutchings, K. (2009). Do global firms measure expatriate return on investment? An empirical examination of measures, barriers and variables influencing global staffing practices. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 1309–1326. doi: 10.1080/09585190902909830
  • McNulty, Y., & Inkson, K. (2013). Managing expatriates: A return on investment approach. New York, NY: Business Expert Press.
  • McPhail, R., McNulty, Y., & Hutchings, K. (2014). Lesbian and gay expatriation: Opportunities, barriers and challenges for global mobility. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.941903
  • Mellahi, K., Demirbag, M., & Riddle, L. (2011). Multinationals in the Middle East: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of World Business, 46, 406–410. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2010.10.001
  • Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. R. (1985). The dimensions of expatriate acculturation: A review. Academy of Management Review, 10, 39–47.
  • Mendenhall, M. E., & Stahl, G. K. (2000). Expatriate training and development: Where do we go from here? Human Resource Management, 39, 251–265. doi: 10.1002/1099-050X(200022/23)39:2/3<251::AID-HRM13>3.0.CO;2-I
  • Mezias, J. M., & Scandura, T. A. (2005). A needs-driven approach to expatriate adjustment and career development: A multiple mentoring perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 36, 519–538. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400159
  • Mitleton-Kelly, E. (2003). Ten principles of complexity and enabling infrastructures. In E. Mitleton-Kelly (Ed.), Complex systems and evolutionary perspectives on organizations: The application of complexity theory to organizations (pp. 23–50). Pergamon: Elsevier.
  • Moore, J. F. (1996). The death of competition: Leadership & strategy in the age of business ecosystems. New York, NY: Harper Business.
  • Moore, M. J. (2002). Same ticket, different trip: Supporting dual-career couples on global assignments. Women in Management Review, 17, 61–67. doi: 10.1108/09649420210421763
  • Morgan, D. (1996). Family connections: An introduction to family studies. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Morris, M. A., & Robie, C. (2001). A meta-analysis of the effects of cross-cultural training on expatriate performance and adjustment. International Journal of Training and Development, 5(2), 112–125. doi: 10.1111/1468-2419.00126
  • Morrison, A. (1992). Breaking the glass ceiling. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
  • Müller, F. (1992). Hierarchical approaches to ecosystem theory. Ecological Modelling, 63, 215–242. doi: 10.1016/0304-3800(92)90070-U
  • Müller, F. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of ecosystem theories and management. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  • Muratbekova-Touron, M., & Pinot de Villechenon, F. (2013). A BRIC MNE’s subsidiary in France: Human resource management in adaptive mode. Journal of Business Strategy, 34(5), 48–53. doi: 10.1108/JBS-02-2013-0018
  • OECD. (2013). World migration in figures. Retrieved June 18, 2015, from http://www.oecd.org/els/mig/World-Migration-in-Figures.pdf
  • Paik, Y., Segaud, B., & Malinowski, C. (2002). How to improve repatriation management: Are motivations and expectations congruent between the company and expatriates? International Journal of Manpower, 23, 635–648. doi: 10.1108/01437720210450815
  • Park, K., & Mense-Petermann, U. (2014). Managing across borders: Global integration and knowledge exchange in MNCs. Competition & Change, 18, 265–279. doi: 10.1179/1024529414Z.00000000060
  • Parker, G., & Janush, E. S. (2001). Developing expatriate remuneration packages. Employee Benefits Journal, 26, 3–5.
  • Peltoniemi, M., & Vuori, E. (2004). Business ecosystem as the new approach to complex adaptive business environments. Proceedings of eBusiness research forum, Tampere, Finland.
  • Perlmutter, H. V. (1969). The tortuous evolution of the multinational corporation. Columbia Journal of World Business, 4, 9–18.
  • Podsakoff, P. M. & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-report in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4), 531–544. doi: 10.1177/014920638601200408
  • Ready, D. A., Hill, L. A., & Conger, J. A. (2008). Winning the race for talent in emerging markets. Harvard Business Review, 86(6), 62–70.
  • Reiche, B. S. (2012). Knowledge benefits of social capital upon repatriation: A longitudinal study of international assignees. Journal of Management Studies, 49, 1052–1077. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01050.x
  • Richardson, J., & Mallon, M. (2005). Career interrupted? The case of the self-directed expatriate. Journal of World Business, 40, 409–420. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2005.08.008
  • Richardson, J., McKenna, S., Dickie, C., & Kelliher, C. (2015). Integrating the work-life interface during expatriation: A case study of expatriate mining professionals. In L. Mäkelä & V. Suutari (Eds.), Work and family interface in the international career context (pp. 11–28). Zurich: Springer.
  • Riusala, K., & Suutari, V. (2000). Expatriation and careers: Perspectives of expatriates and spouses. Career Development International, 5, 81–90. doi: 10.1108/13620430010318945
  • Rodrigues, C. (1996). International management. Minneapolis: West Publishing.
  • Ronen, S., & Shenkar, O. (1985). Clustering countries on attitudinal dimensions: A review and synthesis. Academy of Management Review, 10, 435–454.
  • Rosette, A. S., Leonardelli, G. J., & Phillips, K. W. (2008). The white standard: Racial bias in leader categorization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 758–777. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.758
  • Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, 121–139. doi: 10.1007/BF01384942
  • Rousseau, D. M. (1996). Changing the deal while keeping the people. Academy of Management Executive, 10(1), 50–59.
  • Saxenian, A. (2005). From brain drain to brain circulation: Transnational communities and regional upgrading in India and China. Studies in Comparative International Development, 40(2), 35–61. doi: 10.1007/BF02686293
  • Schein, E. H. (1980). Organizational psychology (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Schein, E. H. (1996). Career anchors revisited: Implications for career development in the 21st century. The Academy of Management Executive, 10(4), 80–88.
  • Schein, V. E. (1973). The relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 57, 95–100. doi: 10.1037/h0037128
  • Schein, V. E., Mueller, R., Lituchy, T., & Liu, J. (1996). Think manager-think male: A global phenomenon? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17, 33–41. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199601)17:1<33::AID-JOB778>3.0.CO;2-F
  • Schinzel, U. (2015). Expatriates in Luxemburg? How cultural specificities impact the use of social networking technologies and HR practices. Paper presented at the British Academy of Management, Portsmouth.
  • Schuler, R. S., & Jackson, S. E. (2008). Strategic human resource management. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1999). A theory of cultural values and some implications for work. Applied Psychology. An International Review, 48, 23–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00047.x
  • Scullion, H., & Collings, D. G. (Eds.). (2006). Global staffing. London: Routledge.
  • Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 219–237. doi: 10.2307/3069452
  • Shaffer, M. A., Harrison, D. A., & Gilley, K. M. (1999). Dimensions, determinants, and differences in the expatriate adjustment process. Journal of International Business Studies, 30, 557–581. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490083
  • Shaffer, M. A., Kraimer, M. L., Chen, Y. P., & Bolino, M. C. (2012). Choices, challenges, and career consequences of global work experiences a review and future agenda. Journal of Management, 38, 1282–1327. doi: 10.1177/0149206312441834
  • Shah, S. K., & Corley, K. G. (2006). Building better theory by bridging the quantitative–qualitative divide. Journal of Management Studies, 43, 1821–1835. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00662.x
  • Shortland, S. (2014). Women expatriates: A research history. In K. Hutchings & S. Michailova (Eds.), Research handbook on women in international management (pp. 18–44). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Shortland, S. (2015). Extreme expatriation: The effect of location factors and masculine. In M. L. Connerley & J. Wu (Eds.), Handbook on well-being of working women (pp. 393–414). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Shortland, S., & Altman, Y. (2011). What do we really know about corporate career women expatriates? European Journal of International Management, 5, 209–234. doi: 10.1504/EJIM.2011.039939
  • Silberstein, L. R. (2014). Dual-career marriage: A system in transition. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Siljanen, T., & Lämsä, A. M. (2009). The changing nature of expatriation: Exploring cross-cultural adaptation through narrativity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 1468–1486. doi: 10.1080/09585190902983298
  • Sölvell, Ö. (2015). The competitive advantage of nations 25 years—Opening up new perspectives on competitiveness. Competitiveness Review, 25, 471–481. doi: 10.1108/CR-07-2015-0068
  • Stahl, G. K., & Caligiuri, P. (2005). The effectiveness of expatriate coping strategies: The moderating role of cultural distance, position level, and time on the international assignment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 603–615. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.603
  • Stahl, G. K., Chua, C. H., Caligiuri, P., Cerdin, J. L., & Taniguchi, M. (2009). Predictors of turnover intentions in learning-driven and demand-driven international assignments: The role of repatriation concerns, satisfaction with company support, and perceived career advancement opportunities. Human Resource Management, 48, 89–109. doi: 10.1002/hrm.20268
  • Stahl, G. K., Miller, E. L., & Tung, R. L. (2002). Toward the boundaryless career: A closer look at the expatriate career concept and the perceived implications of an international assignment. Journal of World Business, 37, 216–227. doi: 10.1016/S1090-9516(02)00080-9
  • Starr, T. L. (2009). Repatriation and short-term assignments: An exploration into expectations, change and dilemmas. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 286–300. doi: 10.1080/09585190802670557
  • Stegman, M. J. (2015). Advising the expatriating American: Beware the exit tax. Trusts & Trustees, 21, 862–867. doi: 10.1093/tandt/ttv090
  • Stone, R. (1995). Expatriation remuneration practices: A survey of Australian multinationals. International Journal of Management, 12, 364–364.
  • Sullivan, S. E., & Arthur, M. B. (2006). The evolution of the boundaryless career concept: Examining physical and psychological mobility. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 19–29. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2005.09.001
  • Suutari, V., & Taka, M. (2004). Career anchors of managers with global careers. Journal of Management Development, 23, 833–847. doi: 10.1108/02621710410558440
  • Szkudlarek, B., & Sumpter, D. M. (2014). What, when, and with whom? Investigating expatriate reentry training with a proximal approach. Human Resource Management. doi:10.1002/hrm.21647
  • Takeuchi, R., Wang, M., Marinova, S. V., & Yao, X. (2009). Role of domain-specific facets of perceived organizational support during expatriation and implications for performance. Organization Science, 20, 621–634. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1080.0403
  • Tharenou, P. (2008). Disruptive decisions to leave home: Gender and family differences in expatriation choices. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105, 183–200. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.08.004
  • Tharenou, P. (2010). Women’s self-initiated expatriation as a career option and its ethical issues. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 73–88. doi: 10.1007/s10551-009-0348-x
  • Tharenou, P., & Caulfield, N. (2010). Will I stay or will I go? Explaining repatriation by self-initiated expatriates. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 1009–1028. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2010.54533183
  • Thomas, D. C., & Lazarova, M. B. (2006). Expatriate adjustment and performance: A critical review. In G. Stahl & I. Björkman (Eds.), Handbook of research in international HRM (pp. 247–264). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Thomas, D. C., & Lazarova, M. B. (2013). Essentials of international human resource management: Managing people globally. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Tornikoski, C., Suutari, V., & Festing, M. (2014). Compensation package of international assignees. In D. G. Collings, G. T. Wood, & P. M. Caligiuri (Eds.), The Routledge companion to international human resource management (pp. 289–307). Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Tsuda, T. (2003). Strangers in the ethnic homeland: Japanese Brazilian return migration in transnational perspective. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Tung, R., & Lazarova, M. (2006). Brain drain versus brain gain: An exploratory study of ex-host country nationals in central and East Europe. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17, 1853–1872. doi: 10.1080/09585190600999992
  • Tung, R. L. (1981). Selection and training of personnel for overseas assignments. Columbia Journal of World Business, 16, 68–78.
  • Tung, R. L. (1982). Selection and training procedures for U.S., European, and Japanese multinationals. California Management Review, 25(l), 51–71.
  • Tung, R. L. (1984). Strategic management of human resources in the multinational enterprise. Human Resource Management Journal, 23, 129–143. doi: 10.1002/hrm.3930230204
  • Tung, R. L. (1988). Career issues in international assignments. Academy of Management Executive, 2, 241–244. doi: 10.5465/AME.1988.4277265
  • Tung, R. L. (1998). American expatriates abroad: From neophytes to cosmopolitans. Journal of World Business, 33, 125–144. doi: 10.1016/S1090-9516(98)90002-5
  • Tung, R. L. (2004). Female expatriates: A model for global leaders? Organizational Dynamics, 33, 243–253. doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.06.002
  • Tung, R. L. (2008). Do race and gender matter in international assignments to/from Asia Pacific? An Exploratory study of attitudes among Chinese and Korean executives. Human Resource Management, 47, 91–110. doi: 10.1002/hrm.20199
  • Tung, R. L. (2016). New perspectives on human resource management in a global context. Journal of World Business, 51(1), 142–152. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2015.10.004
  • Tung, R. L., & Haq, R. (2012). International assignments to/from India: Do race and gender matter? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23, 221–235. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2011.561239
  • Tung, R. L., & Varma, A. (2008). Expatriate selection and evaluation. In P. B. Smith, M. F. Peterson, & D. C. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural management research (pp. 367–377). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Tungli, Z., & Peiperl, M. (2009). Expatriate practices in German, Japanese, UK, and US multinational companies: A comparative survey of changes. Human Resource Management, 48, 153–171. doi: 10.1002/hrm.20271
  • Tyler, T. R. (1997). The psychology of legitimacy: A relational perspective on voluntary deference to authorities. Personality and social psychology review, 1, 323–345. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0104_4
  • Vagts, D. F. (1970). The multinational enterprise: A new challenge for transnational law. Harvard Law Review, 83, 739–792. doi: 10.2307/1339838
  • Vaiman, V., & Haslberger, A. (Eds.) (2013). Managing talent of self-initiated expatriates: A neglected source of the global talent flow. London: Palgrave McMillan.
  • Van der Heijden, J. A., Van Engen, M. L., & Paauwe, J. (2009). Expatriate career support: Predicting expatriate turnover and performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 831–845. doi: 10.1080/09585190902770745
  • Van Emmerik, I. J. H., & Euwema, M. C. (2009). The international assignments of peacekeepers: What drives them to seek future expatriation? Human Resource Management, 48, 135–151. doi: 10.1002/hrm.20270
  • Van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., & Van Gils, A. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behaviour. Career Development International, 13, 538–559. doi: 10.1108/13620430810901688
  • Varma, A., & Stroh, L. K. (2001). Different perspectives on selection for international assignments: The impact of LMX and gender. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 8(3/4), 85–97. doi: 10.1108/13527600110797290
  • Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Warneke, D., & Schneider, M. (2011). Expatriate compensation packages: What do employees prefer? Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 18, 236–256. doi: 10.1108/13527601111126049
  • Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations (Vol. 3). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Welter, F., Smallbone, D., Slonimski, A., Linchevskya, O., Pobol, A., & Slonimska, M. (2014). Enterprising families in a cross-border context: The example of Belarus. In M. T. T. Thai & E. Turkina (Eds.), Internationalization of firms from economies in transition (pp. 276–302). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Westman, M., & Etzion, D. (2002). The impact of short overseas business trips on job stress and burnout. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51, 582–592. doi: 10.1111/1464-0597.00109
  • Westman, M., Etzion, D., & Gattenio, E. (2008). International business travels and the work-family interface: A longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81, 459–480. doi: 10.1348/096317908X310265
  • Yan, A., Zhu, G., & Hall, D. T. (2002). International assignments for career building: A model of agency relationships and psychological contracts. Academy of Management Review, 27, 373–391.
  • Zaidman, N., & Brock, D. M. (2009). Knowledge transfer within multinationals and their foreign subsidiaries: A culture-context approach. Group & Organization Management, 34, 297–329. doi: 10.1177/1059601108330062

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.