Biomechanics and subjective measures of recreational male runners in three shoes running outdoors: a randomised crossover study

References

• Agresta, C., Giacomazzi, C., Harrast, M., & Zendler, J. (2022). Running injury paradigms and their influence on footwear design features and runner assessment methods: A focused review to advance evidence-based practice for running medicine clinicians. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 815675. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.815675
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alexander, R. M., & Jayes, A. S. (1980). Fourier analysis of forces exerted in walking and running. Journal of Biomechanics, 13(4), 383–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(80)90019-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altman, A. R., & Davis, I. S. (2012). A kinematic method for footstrike pattern detection in barefoot and shod runners. Gait & Posture, 35(2), 298–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.09.104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakdash, J. Z., & Marusich, L. R. (2017). Repeated measures correlation. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 456. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barcellona, M. G., Buckley, L., Palmer, L. J. M., Ormond, R. M., Owen, G., Watson, D. J., Woledge, R., & Newham, D. (2017). The effect of minimalist footwear and instruction on running: An observational study. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 3(1), e000160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnes, K. R., & Kilding, A. E. (2019). A randomized crossover study investigating the running economy of highly-trained male and female distance runners in marathon racing shoes versus track spikes. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 49(2), 331–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1012-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, L. C., Clermont, C. A., & Ferber, R. (2020). New considerations for collecting biomechanical data using wearable sensors: The effect of different running environments. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 8, 86. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergstra, S. A., Kluitenberg, B., Dekker, R., Bredeweg, S. W., Postema, K., Van den Heuvel, E. R., Hijmans, J. M., & Sobhani, S. (2015). Running with a minimalist shoe increases plantar pressure in the forefoot region of healthy female runners. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(4), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bermon, S. (2021). Evolution of distance running shoes: Performance, injuries, and rules. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 61(8), 1073–1080. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12728-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besomi, M., Leppe, J., Di Silvestre, M. C., & Setchell, J. (2018). SeRUN(R) study: Development of running profiles using a mixed methods analysis. PLoS One, 13(7), e0200389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop, C., Buckley, J. D., Esterman, A. E., & Arnold, J. B. (2020). The running shoe comfort assessment tool (RUN-CAT): Development and evaluation of a new multi-item assessment tool for evaluating the comfort of running footwear. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(18), 2100–2107. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1773613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blazey, P., Michie, T. V., & Napier, C. (2021). A narrative review of running wearable measurement system accuracy and reliability: Can we make running shoe prescription objective? Footwear Science, 13(2), 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2021.1878287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, G., & Tam, N. (2020). Is it the shoes? A simple proposal for regulating footwear in road running. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(8), 439–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(3), 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10768783
   Google Scholar
• Davis, I. S. (2014). The re-emergence of the minimal running shoe. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 44(10), 775–784. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2014.5521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon, G. K., Hunt, M. A., Reid, A. L., & Esculier, J.-F. (2020). What are the perceptions of runners and healthcare professionals on footwear and running injury risk? BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000767. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000767
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dinato, R. C., Ribeiro, A. P., Butugan, M. K., Pereira, I. L., Onodera, A. N., & Sacco, I. C. (2015). Biomechanical variables and perception of comfort in running shoes with different cushioning technologies. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(1), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esculier, J. F., Dubois, B., Dionne, C. E., Leblond, J., & Roy, J. S. (2015). A consensus definition and rating scale for minimalist shoes. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 8(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-015-0094-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fife, A., Ramsey, C., Esculier, J.-F., & Hébert-Losier, K. (2023). How do road runners select their shoes? A systematic review. Footwear Science, 15(2), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2180543
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis, P., & Schofield, G. (2020). From barefoot hunter gathering to shod pavement pounding. Where to from here? A narrative review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000577. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000577
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fuller, J. T., Bellenger, C. R., Thewlis, D., Tsiros, M. D., & Buckley, J. D. (2015). The effect of footwear on running performance and running economy in distance runners. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 45(3), 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0283-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Pérez, J. A., Pérez-Soriano, P., Llana Belloch, S., Lucas-Cuevas, Á. G., & Sánchez-Zuriaga, D. (2014). Effects of treadmill running and fatigue on impact acceleration in distance running. Sports Biomechanics, 13(3), 259–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2014.909527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hébert-Losier, K. (2023). Biomechanics and subjective measures in three shoes running outdoors [Data set].
   Google Scholar
• Hébert-Losier, K., Finlayson, S. J., Driller, M. W., Dubois, B., Esculier, J.-F., & Beaven, C. M. (2020). Metabolic and performance responses of male runners wearing three footwear: Nike Vaporfly 4%, racing flats, and own shoes. Journal of Sport and Health Science.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hébert-Losier, K., Finlayson, S. J., Driller, M. W., Dubois, B., Esculier, J. F., & Beaven, C. M. (2022). Metabolic and performance responses of male runners wearing 3 types of footwear: Nike Vaporfly 4%, Saucony Endorphin racing flats, and their own shoes. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 11(3), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hébert-Losier, K., Finlayson, S. J., Lamb, P. F., Driller, M. W., Hanzlíková, I., Dubois, B., Esculier, J.-F., & Beaven, C. M. (2022). Kinematics of recreational male runners in “super”, minimalist and habitual shoes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(13), 1426–1435. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2081767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hébert-Losier, K., & Pamment, M. (2023). Advancements in running shoe technology and their effects on running economy and performance – A current concepts overview. Sports Biomechanics, 22(3), 335–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2022.2110512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honert, E. C., Mohr, M., Lam, W. K., & Nigg, S. (2020). Shoe feature recommendations for different running levels: A Delphi study. PLoS One, 15(7), e0236047. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogkamer, W., Kipp, S., Frank, J. H., Farina, E. M., Luo, G., & Kram, R. (2018). A comparison of the energetic cost of running in marathon racing shoes. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 48(4), 1009–1019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0811-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogkamer, W., Kipp, S., & Kram, R. (2019). The biomechanics of competitive male runners in three marathon racing shoes: A randomized crossover study. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 49(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1024-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, A. W., Myrer, J. W., Mitchell, U. H., Hunter, I., & Ridge, S. T. (2016). The effects of a transition to minimalist shoe running on intrinsic foot muscle size. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(2), 154–158. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1559685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, C. D., Outerleys, J., Tenforde, A. S., & Davis, I. S. (2020). A comparison of attachment methods of skin mounted inertial measurement units on tibial accelerations. Journal of Biomechanics, 113, 110118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joubert, D. P., Dominy, T. A., & Burns, G. T. (2023). Effects of highly cushioned and resilient racing shoes on running economy at slower running speeds. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 18(2), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2022-0227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joubert, D. P., & Jones, G. P. (2022). A comparison of running economy across seven highly cushioned racing shoes with carbon-fibre plates. Footwear Science, 14(2), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2022.2038691
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, P., & Bagdon, M. (2010). Shoe preference based on subjective comfort for walking and running. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 100, 456–462. https://doi.org/10.7547/1000456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menz, H. B., & Bonanno, D. R. (2021). Footwear comfort: A systematic search and narrative synthesis of the literature. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 14(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-021-00500-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills, K. A. G., Collins, N. J., & Vicenzino, B. (2018). The relationship between immediate comfort and plantar foot sensitivity during running in cushioned versus minimal shoes. Footwear Science, 10(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2017.1403972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner, C. E., Hawkins, J. L., & Aubol, K. G. (2020). Tibial acceleration during running is higher in field testing than indoor testing. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 52(6), 1361–1366. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minetti, A. E. (1998). A model equation for the prediction of mechanical internal work of terrestrial locomotion. Journal of Biomechanics, 31(5), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(98)00038-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin, J. B., Dalleau, G., Kyrolainen, H., Jeannin, T., & Belli, A. (2005). A simple method for measuring stiffness during running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 21(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.21.2.167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muniz-Pardos, B., Zelenkova, I., Gonzalez-Aguero, A., Knopp, M., Boitz, T., Graham, M., Ruiz, D., Casajus, J. A., & Pitsiladis, Y. P. (2022). The impact of grounding in running shoes on indices of performance in elite competitive athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg, B. M., Baltich, J., Hoerzer, S., & Enders, H. (2015). Running shoes and running injuries: Mythbusting and a proposal for two new paradigms: 'preferred movement path’ and 'comfort filter. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(20), 1290–1294. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg, B. M., Cigoja, S., & Nigg, S. R. (2020). Effects of running shoe construction on performance in long distance running. Footwear Science, 12(3), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2020.1778799
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg, B. M., Cigoja, S., & Nigg, S. R. (2021). Teeter-totter effect: A new mechanism to understand shoe-related improvements in long-distance running. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(9), 462–463. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortega, J. A., Healey, L. A., Swinnen, W., & Hoogkamer, W. (2021). Energetics and biomechanics of running footwear with increased longitudinal bending stiffness: A narrative review. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 51(5), 873–894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01406-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, K. P., Hanney, W. J., & Rothschild, C. E. (2014). The risks and benefits of running barefoot or in minimalist shoes. Sports Health, 6(6), 475–480. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738114546846
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Queen, R. M., Gross, M. T., & Liu, H. Y. (2006). Repeatability of lower extremity kinetics and kinematics for standardized and self-selected running speeds. Gait & Posture, 23(3), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squadrone, R., Rodano, R., Hamill, J., & Preatoni, E. (2015). Acute effect of different minimalist shoes on foot strike pattern and kinematics in rearfoot strikers during running. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(11), 1196–1204. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.989534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenforde, A., Hoenig, T., Saxena, A., & Hollander, K. (2023). Bone stress injuries in runners using carbon fiber plate footwear. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 53(8), 1499–1505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01818-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Berghe, P., Six, J., Gerlo, J., Leman, M., & De Clercq, D. (2019). Validity and reliability of peak tibial accelerations as real-time measure of impact loading during over-ground rearfoot running at different speeds. Journal of Biomechanics, 86, 238–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hooren, B., Fuller, J. T., Buckley, J. D., Miller, J. R., Sewell, K., Rao, G., Barton, C., Bishop, C., & Willy, R. W. (2020). Is motorized treadmill running biomechanically comparable to overground running? A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-over studies. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 50(4), 785–813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01237-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venturini, E., & Giallauria, F. (2022). Factors influencing running performance during a marathon: Breaking the 2-h barrier. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9, 856875. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.856875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warne, J. P., & Gruber, A. H. (2017). Transitioning to minimal footwear: A systematic review of methods and future clinical recommendations. Sports Medicine - Open, 3(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-017-0096-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar