Management of long-COVID-19 patients with sleep disorders: practical advice to general practitioners

References

• Ghram A, Briki W, Mansoor H, et al. Home-based exercise can be beneficial for counteracting sedentary behavior and physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults. Postgrad Med. 2021 Jun;133(5):469–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorindi C, Campani F, Rasero L, et al. Prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition during and after hospitalization for COVID-19 infection: preliminary results of a single-centre experience. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Oct;45:351–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papagiouvanni I, Kotoulas SC, Vettas C, et al. Sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2022 Oct 4;24:635–643. DOI:10.1007/s11920-022-01371-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pataka A, Kotoulas S, Sakka E, et al. Sleep dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: prevalence, risk factors, mechanisms, and management. J Pers Med. 2021 Nov 14;11(11):1203. DOI:10.3390/jpm11111203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, et al. More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 9;11(1):16144. DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raveendran AV, Jayadevan R, Sashidharan S. Long COVID: an overview. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021 May-Jun;15(3):869–875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almas T, Malik J, Alsubai AK, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and its prolonged effects: an updated systematic review. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Aug;80:103995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahrami HA, Alhaj OA, Humood AM, et al. Sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Sleep Med Rev. 2022 Apr;62:101591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matalon N, Dorman-Ilan S, Hasson-Ohayon I, et al. Trajectories of post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a one-month follow-up. J Psychosom Res. 2021 Apr;143:110399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacaro V, Chiabudini M, Buonanno C, et al. Insomnia in the Italian population during COVID-19 outbreak: a snapshot on one major risk factor for depression and anxiety. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:579107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, et al. Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American academy of sleep medicine and sleep research society. Sleep. 2015 Jun 1;38(6):843–844. DOI:10.5665/sleep.4716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staffolani S, Iencinella V, Cimatti M, et al. Long COVID-19 syndrome as a fourth phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infez Med. 2022;30(1):22–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altena E, Baglioni C, Espie CA, et al. Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak: practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT-I Academy. J Sleep Res. 2020 Aug;29(4):e13052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edinger JD, Arnedt JT, Bertisch SM, et al. Behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia disorder in adults: an American academy of sleep medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Feb 1;17(2):255–262. DOI:10.5664/jcsm.8986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: an American academy of sleep medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017 Feb 15;13(2):307–349. DOI:10.5664/jcsm.6470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutte-Rodin S, Broch L, Buysse D, et al. Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008 Oct 15;4(5):487–504. DOI:10.5664/jcsm.27286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romdhani M, Rae DE, Nedelec M, et al. COVID-19 lockdowns: a worldwide survey of circadian rhythms and sleep quality in 3911 athletes from 49 countries, with data-driven recommendations. Sports Med. 2022 Jun;52(6):1433–1448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A’court C, et al. Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care. BMJ;370:m3026. 2020 Aug 11. DOI:10.1136/bmj.m3026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrejak C, Blanc FX, Costes F, et al. Guide for follow-up of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Management proposals developed by the French-language Respiratory Medicine Society. Rev Mal Respir. 2020 Jun;37(6):505–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein J, Visco CJ, Barbuto S. Rehabilitation medicine response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 Jul;99(7):573–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agostini F, Mangone M, Ruiu P, et al. Rehabilitation setting during and after Covid-19: an overview on recommendations. J Rehabil Med. 2021 Jan 5;53(1):jrm00141. DOI:10.2340/16501977-2776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bessis S. The COVID-19 pandemic. Med Mal Infect. 2020;50(8):8S20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World health organization. Support for rehabilitation self-management after COVID-19-related illness [cited 2023 Feb 11]. Available from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ageing/support-for-rehabilitation-self-management-after-covid-19-related-illness-engf5cec00b-350b-4eb0-bc24-0704df509ae1.pdf?sfvrsn=203566f0_1&download=true.
   Google Scholar
• Toulgui E, Benzarti W, Rahmani C, et al. Impact of cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program on submaximal exercise capacity of Tunisian male patients with post-COVID19: a pilot study. Front Physiol. 2022;13:1029766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghram A, Ayadi H, Knechtle B, et al. What should a family physician know about nutrition and physical exercise rehabilitation’ advices to communicate to ‘long-term COVID-19’ patients? Postgrad Med. 2022 Mar;134(2):143–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benzarti W, Toulgui E, Prefaut C, et al. General practitioners should provide the cardiorespiratory rehabilitation’ ‘minimum advice’ for long COVID-19 patients. Libyan J Med. 2022 Dec;17(1):2009101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoniou KM, Vasarmidi E, Russell AM, et al. European respiratory society statement on long COVID follow-up. Eur Respir J. 2022 Aug;60(2):2102174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European society of cardiology. Guidance for the diagnosis and management of CV disease during the COVID-19 pandemic [cited 2023 Feb 11]. Available from: https://www.escardio.org/Education/COVID-19-and-Cardiology/ESC-COVID-19-Guidance.
   Google Scholar
• Barker-Davies RM, O’sullivan O, Senaratne KPP, et al. The Stanford Hall consensus statement for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Aug;54(16):949–959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negrini S, Mills JA, Arienti C, et al. “Rehabilitation research framework for patients with COVID-19” defined by Cochrane rehabilitation and the world health organization rehabilitation programme. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Jul;102(7):1424–1430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhalgh T, Knight M. Long COVID: a primer for family physicians. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Dec 15;102(12):716–717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for health and care excellence: COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2020 Dec 18; [cited 2023 Feb 11]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567261/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK567261.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pawar N, Taylor KE, Yang M, et al. Sleep disturbance improves with SARS-COV2 vaccinations in patients with chronic inflammatory disease. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022 Dec 7. DOI:10.1002/acr.25065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stepanski EJ, Wyatt JK. Use of sleep hygiene in the treatment of insomnia. Sleep Med Rev. 2003 Jun;7(3):215–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns AC, Saxena R, Vetter C, et al. Time spent in outdoor light is associated with mood, sleep, and circadian rhythm-related outcomes: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in over 400,000 UK Biobank participants. J Affect Disord. 2021 Dec 1;295:347–352. DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National institute of sleep and vigilance. Sleep is on the plate; [cited 2023 Feb 11]. Available from: https://institut-sommeil-vigilance.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/INSV_D%C3%A9pliant_-Sommeil-et-Nutrition.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Chow CM, Shin M, Mahar TJ, et al. The impact of sleepwear fiber type on sleep quality under warm ambient conditions. Nat Sci Sleep. 2019;11:167–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y-X, Guo Y, Shen L-M, et al. The quantitative effects of mattress and sleep postures on sleep quality. In: Qi, E., Shen, J., Dou, R. (eds) International Asia conference on industrial engineering and management innovation (IEMI2012) Proceedings; 2013. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38445-5_11.
   Google Scholar
• Troynikov O, Watson CG, Nawaz N. Sleep environments and sleep physiology: a review. J Therm Biol. 2018 Dec;78:192–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutanto CN, Loh WW, Kim JE. The impact of tryptophan supplementation on sleep quality: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Nutr Rev. 2022 Jan 10;80(2):306–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souissi A, Dergaa I, Romdhani M, et al. Can melatonin reduce the severity of post-COVID-19 syndrome? Excli J. 2023;22:173–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adib-Hajbaghery M, Mousavi SN. The effects of chamomile extract on sleep quality among elderly people: a clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2017 Dec;35:109–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwangjai J, Cheaha D, Manor R, et al. Modification of brain waves and sleep parameters by Citrus reticulata Blanco. cv. Sai-Nam-Phueng essential oil. Biomed J. 2021 Dec;44(6):727–738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu D, Cardell E, Broadley SA, et al. Efficacy of face-to-face delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in improving health status of patients with insomnia: a meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:798453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baglioni C, Altena E, Bjorvatn B, et al. The European academy for cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: an initiative of the European insomnia network to promote implementation and dissemination of treatment. J Sleep Res. 2020 Apr;29(2):e12967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pigeon WR. Treatment of adult insomnia with cognitive-behavioral therapy. J Clin Psychol. 2010 Nov;66(11):1148–1160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozlu I, Ozturk Z, Karaman Ozlu Z, et al. The effects of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on the anxiety and sleep quality of patients with COVID-19: a randomized controlled study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021 Oct;57(4):1791–1797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mezo PG, Hall J, Duggan CM, et al. An initial comparison of live instruction and immersive video modes of progressive muscle relaxation. J Technol Hum Serv. 2011;29(3):212–223. DOI:10.1080/15228835.2011.616470
   Google Scholar
• Pallanca O, Brion A. Cardiac coherence in chronic insomnia. Med Sommeil. 2016;13(4):157–165.
   Google Scholar
• Marzbani H, Marateb HR, Mansourian M. Neurofeedback: a comprehensive review on system design, methodology and clinical applications. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2016 Apr;7(2):143–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaussent I, Ancelin ML, Berr C, et al. Hypnotics and mortality in an elderly general population: a 12-year prospective study. BMC Med. 2013 Sep 26;11:212. DOI:10.1186/1741-7015-11-212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar