Antagonistic interaction between two key endodontic pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum

References

• Siqueira J, Rocas I. Exploiting molecular methods to explore endodontic infections: part 2—Redefining the endodontic microbiota. J Endod. 2005;31:488–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Diversity of endodontic microbiota revisited. J Dent Res. 2008;88:969–981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manoil D, Al‐Manei K, Belibasakis GN. A systematic review of the root canal microbiota associated with apical periodontitis: lessons from next‐generation sequencing. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2019;14:1900060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chugal N, Wang J-K, Wang R, et al. Molecular characterization of the microbial flora residing at the apical portion of infected root canals of human teeth. J Endod. 2011;37:1359–1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siqueira JF, Alves FRF, Rôças IN. Pyrosequencing analysis of the apical root canal microbiota. J Endod. 2011;37:1499–1503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özok AR, Persoon IF, Huse SM, et al. Ecology of the microbiome of the infected root canal system: a comparison between apical and coronal root segments. Int Endod J. 2012;45:530–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persoon IF, Buijs MJ, Özok AR, et al. The mycobiome of root canal infections is correlated to the bacteriome. Clin Oral Invest. 2017;21:1871–1881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouillaguet S, Manoil D, Girard M, et al. Root microbiota in primary and secondary apical periodontitis. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundqvist G. Associations between microbial species in dental root canal infections. Oral Microbiol Immun. 1992;7:257–262.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gomes BPFA, Bronzato JD, Almeida-Gomes RF, et al. Identification of Fusobacterium nucleatum in primary and secondary endodontic infections and its association with clinical features by using two different methods. Clin Oral Invest. 2021;25:6249–6258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Polymerase chain reaction–based analysis of microorganisms associated with failed endodontic treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 2004;97:85–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zandi H, Kristoffersen AK, Ørstavik D, et al. Microbial analysis of endodontic infections in root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis before and after irrigation using pyrosequencing. J Endod. 2018;44:372–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rôças IN, Jung I-Y, Lee C-Y, et al. Polymerase chain reaction identification of microorganisms in previously root-filled teeth in a South Korean population. J Endod. 2004;30:504–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes BPFA, Pinheiro ET, Jacinto RC, et al. Microbial analysis of canals of root-filled teeth with periapical lesions using polymerase chain reaction. J Endod. 2008;34:537–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuart CH, Schwartz SA, Beeson TJ, et al. Enterococcus faecalis: its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment. J Endod. 2006;32:93–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayaoglu G, Ørstavik D. Virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis: relationship to endodontic disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol M. 2004;15:308–320.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khalifa L, Shlezinger M, Beyth S, et al. Phage therapy against Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals. J Oral Microbiol. 2016;8:32157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum: a commensal-turned pathogen. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2015;23:141–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacinto RC, Montagner F, Signoretti FGC, et al. Microbial interactions, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum isolated from primary endodontic infections. J Endod. 2008;34:1451–1456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillar CM, Gilmore MS. Enterococcal virulence - pathogenicity island of E. Faecalis. Front Biosci. 2004;9:2335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore MS, Clewell DB, Ike Y, et al. Enterococci: from commensals to leading causes of drug resistant infection. Boston: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Ran S, Wang J, Jiang W, et al. Assessment of dentinal tubule invasion capacity of Enterococcus faecalis under stress conditions ex vivo. Int Endod J. 2015;48:362–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolstad AI, Jensen HB, Bakken V. Taxonomy, biology, and periodontal aspects of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1996;9:55–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu C, Chen Y-W, Scheible M, et al. Genetic and molecular determinants of polymicrobial interactions in Fusobacterium nucleatum. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2021;118:e2006482118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolenbrander PE, Andersen RN, Moore LV. Coaggregation of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Selenomonas flueggei, Selenomonas infelix, Selenomonas noxia, and Selenomonas sputigena with strains from 11 genera of oral bacteria. Infect Immun. 1989;57:3194–3203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aral K, Milward MR, Cooper PR. Dysregulation of inflammasomes in human dental pulp cells exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. J Endod. 2020;46:1265–1272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson EM, Flannagan SE, Sedgley CM. Coaggregation interactions between oral and endodontic Enterococcus faecalis and bacterial species isolated from persistent apical periodontitis. J Endod. 2006;32:946–950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan CW, Lux R, Haake SK, et al. The Fusobacterium nucleatum outer membrane protein RadD is an arginine‐inhibitable adhesin required for inter‐species adherence and the structured architecture of multispecies biofilm. Mol Microbiol. 2009;71:35–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazier JS, Citron DM, Goldstein EJC. A selective medium for Fusobacterium spp. J Appl Bacteriol. 1991;71:343–346.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kolenbrander PE, Andersen RN, Moore LV. Intrageneric coaggregation among strains of human oral bacteria: potential role in primary colonization of the tooth surface. Appl Environ Microb. 1990;56:3890–3894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park J, Shokeen B, Haake SK, et al. Characterization of Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 23726 adhesins involved in strain-specific attachment to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Int J Oral Sci. 2016;8:138–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan A, Kaplan CW, He X, et al. Characterization of aid1, a novel gene involved in Fusobacterium nucleatum interspecies interactions. Microbial Ecol. 2014;68:379–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreth J, Merritt J, Shi W, et al. Competition and coexistence between Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis in the dental biofilm. J Bacteriol. 2005;187:7193–7203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muchova M, Balacco DL, Grant MM, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies differ in biofilm forming ability in vitro. Frontiers Oral Heal. 2022;3:853618.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coppenhagen-Glazer S, Sol A, Abed J, et al. Fap2 of Fusobacterium nucleatum is a galactose-inhibitable adhesin involved in coaggregation, cell adhesion, and preterm birth. Infect Immun. 2015;83:1104–1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huycke MM, Abrams V, Moore DR. Enterococcus faecalis produces extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide that damages colonic epithelial cell DNA. Carcinogenesis. 2002;23:529–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawashima N, Niederman R, Hynes R, et al. Infection‐stimulated infraosseus inflammation and bone destruction is increased in P‐/E‐selectin knockout mice. Immunology. 1999;97:117–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar