1,758
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Newly identified pathogens in periodontitis: evidence from an association and an elimination study

, , , , , , , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Article: 2213111 | Received 22 Nov 2022, Accepted 08 May 2023, Published online: 27 May 2023

References

  • Duran-Pinedo AE, Chen T, Teles R, et al. Community-wide transcriptome of the oral microbiome in subjects with and without periodontitis. Isme J. 2014;8(8):1659–15. DOI:10.1038/ismej.2014.23
  • Lamont RJ, Hajishengallis G. Polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis in inflammatory disease. Trends Mol Med. 2015;21(3):172–183.
  • Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Cugini MA, et al. Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J Clin Periodontol. 1998;25:134–144.
  • Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Dental biofilms: difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontol 2000. 2002;28:2–55.
  • Carvalho LH, DAvila GB, Leão A, et al. Scaling and root planing, systemic metronidazole and professional plaque removal in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population II–microbiological results. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:406–411.
  • Haffajee AD, Patel M, Socransky SS. Microbiological changes associated with four different periodontal therapies for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2008;23:148–157.
  • Matarazzo F, Figueiredo LC, Cruz SE, et al. Clinical and microbiological benefits of systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin in the treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:885–896.
  • Feres M, Gursky LC, Faveri M, et al. Clinical and microbiological benefits of strict supragingival plaque control as part of the active phase of periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2009;36:857–867.
  • Mestnik MJ, Feres M, Figueiredo LC, et al. Short-term benefits of the adjunctive use of metronidazole plus amoxicillin in the microbial profile and in the clinical parameters of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2010;37(4):353–365.
  • Sampaio E, Rocha M, Figueiredo LC, et al. Clinical and microbiological effects of azithromycin in the treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38:838–846.
  • Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Teles R, et al. Effect of periodontal therapy on the subgingival microbiota over a 2-year monitoring period. I. Overall effect and kinetics of change. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40(8):771–780. DOI:10.1111/jcpe.12117
  • Faveri M, Rebello A, de Oliveira Dias R, et al. Clinical and microbiological effects of adjunctive metronidazole plus amoxicillin in the treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis: smokers versus non-smokers. J Periodontol. 2014;85(4):581–591.
  • Tamashiro NS, Duarte PM, Miranda TS, et al. Amoxicillin plus metronidazole therapy for Patients with Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes: a 2-year Randomized Controlled Trial. J Dent Res. 2016;95(7):829–836. DOI:10.1177/0022034516639274
  • Feres M, Figueiredo LC, Soares GM, et al. Systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 2015;67(1):131–186.
  • Feres M, Retamal-Valdes B, Gonçalves C, et al. Did Omics change periodontal therapy? Periodontol 2000. 2021;85(1):182–209.
  • Kumar PS, Griffen AL, Moeschberger ML, et al. Identification of candidate periodontal pathogens and beneficial species by quantitative 16s clonal analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:3944–3955.
  • Matarazzo F, Ribeiro AC, Feres M, et al. Diversity and quantitative analysis of Archaea in aggressive periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(7):621–627.
  • Teles FRF, Teles RP, Siegelin Y, et al. RNA-oligonucleotide quantification technique (ROQT) for the enumeration of uncultivated bacterial species in subgingival biofilms. Oral Microbiol. 2011;26:127–139.
  • Griffen AL, Beall CJ, Campbell JH, et al. Distinct and complex bacterial profiles in human periodontitis and health revealed by 16S pyrosequencing. Isme J. 2012;6:176–185.
  • Abusleme L, Dupuy AK, Dutza NN, et al. The subgingival microbiome in health and periodontitis and its relationship with community biomass and inflammation. Isme J. 2013;7:1–10.
  • Pérez-Chaparro PJ, Gonçalves C, Figueiredo LC, et al. Newly identified pathogens associated with periodontitis: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014;93(9):846–858. DOI:10.1177/0022034514542468
  • Koch R. Die Aetiologie der Tuberculose. Berliner klin Wochenschr. 1882;19:221–230.
  • Socransky SS. Criteria for the infectious agents in dental caries and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1979;6:16–21.
  • Araujo MW, Hovey KM, Benedek JR, et al. Reproducibility of probing depth measurement using a constant-force electronic probe: analysis of inter and intra-examiner variability. J Periodontol. 2003;74:1736–1740.
  • Socransky SS, Smith C, Martin L, et al. ”Checkerboard“ DNA-DNA hybridization. Biotechniques. 1994;17:788–792.
  • Soares GM, Mendes JA, Silva MP, et al. Metronidazole alone or with amoxicillin as adjuncts to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a secondary analysis of microbiological results from a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2014;41(4):366–376. DOI:10.1111/jcpe.12217
  • Szafranski SP, Wos-Oxley M, Vilchez-Vargas R, et al. High-resolution taxonomic profiling of the subgingival microbiome for biomarker discovery and periodontitis diagnosis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015;81(3):1047–1058. DOI:10.1128/AEM.03534-14
  • Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Smith C, et al. Relation of counts of microbial species to clinical status at the sample sites. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18:766–775.
  • Feres M, Retamal-Valdes B, Faveri M, et al. Proposal of a clinical endpoint for periodontal trials: the treat-to-target approach. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2020;22(2):41–53.
  • Teles RP, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Microbiological goals of periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000. 2006;42:180–218.
  • Haffajee AD, Teles RP, Socransky SS. The effect of periodontal therapy on the composition of the subgingival microbiota. Periodontol 2000. 2006;42:219–258.
  • Haffajee AD, Cugini MA, Dibart S, et al. The effect of SRP on the clinical and/microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24:324–334.
  • Masood N, Moore K, Farbos A, et al. Draft genome sequence of a meningitic isolate of Cronobacter sakazakii clonal complex 4, strain 8399. Genome Announc. 2013;1. DOI:10.1128/genomeA.00833-13
  • Hunter CJ, Bean JF. Cronobacter: an emerging opportunistic pathogen associated with neonatal meningitis, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. J Perinatol. 2013;33:581–585.
  • Gaetti-Jardim Júnior E, Nakano V, Wahasugui TC, et al. Occurrence of yeasts, enterococci and other enteric bacteria in subgingival biofilm of HIV-positive patients with chronic gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis. Braz J Microbiol. 2008;39:257–261.
  • Pinheiro-Hubinger L, Moraes Riboli DF, Abraão LM, et al. Coagulase-negative staphylococci clones are widely distributed in the hospital and community. Pathogens. 2021 Jun 23;10(7):792.
  • Center KJ, Reboli AC, Hubler R, et al. Decreased vancomycin susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci in a neonatal intensive care unit: evidence of spread of Staphylococcus warneri. J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Oct;41(10):4660–4665.
  • Campoccia D, Montanaro L, Visai L, et al. Characterization of 26 Staphylococcus warneri isolates from orthopedic infections. Int J Artif Organs. 2010;33:575–581.
  • Kini GD, Patel K, Parris AR, et al. An unusual presentation of endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus warneri. Open Microbiol J. 2010;4:103–105.
  • Colombo AP, Teles RP, Torres MC, et al. Subgingival microbiota of Brazilian subjects with untreated chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2002:360–369. DOI:10.1902/jop.2002.73.4.360
  • Vebø HC, Snipen L, Nes IF, et al. The transcriptome of the nosocomial pathogen Enterococcus faecalis V583 reveals adaptive responses to growth in blood. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e7660.
  • Vu J, Carvalho J. Enterococcus: review of its physiology, pathogenesis, diseases and the challenges it poses for clinical microbiology. Front Biol. 2011;6:357–366.
  • Stuart CH, Schwartz S, Beeson TJ, et al. Enterococcus faecalis: its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment. J Endod. 2006;32:93–98.
  • Wang Q-Q, Zhang C-F, Chu C-H, et al. Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of teeth associated with apical periodontitis. J Oral Sci. 2012;4:19–23.
  • Murad CF, Sassone LM, Faveri M, et al. Microbial diversity in persistent root canal infections investigated by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. J Endod. 2014;40(7):899–906.
  • Prada I, Micó-Muñoz P, Giner-Lluesma T, et al. Influence of microbiology on endodontic failure. Literature Review Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2019;24(3):e364–372.
  • Alghamdi F, Shakir M. The influence of Enterococcus faecalis as a dental root canal pathogen on endodontic treatment: a systematic review. Cureus. 2020 Mar 13;12(3):e7257.
  • Barbosa-Ribeiro M, Arruda-Vasconcelos R, Louzada LM, et al. Microbiological analysis of endodontically treated teeth with apical periodontitis before and after endodontic retreatment. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(4):2017–2027.
  • Souto R, Andrade AF, Uzeda M, et al. Prevalence of “non-oral” pathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm of subjects with chronic periodontitis. Braz J Microbiol. 2006;37:208–215.
  • da Silva-Boghossian CM, Do Souto RM, Luiz RR, et al. Association of red complex, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and non-oral bacteria with periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol. 2011;56(9):899–906.
  • Chidambar CK, Shankar SM, Raghu P, et al. Detection of Enterococcus faecalis in subgingival biofilms of healthy, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis subjects. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2019;23(5):416–418.
  • Rams TE, Feik D, Young V, et al. Enterococci in human periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1992 Aug;7(4):249–252.
  • Valour F, Chebib N, Gillet Y, et al. Infections broncho-pulmonaires à Staphylococcus aureus. Rev Pneumol Clin. 2013;69:368–382.
  • Hu DL, Nakane A. Mechanisms of staphylococcal enterotoxin-induced emesis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014;722:95–107.
  • Wyman TP, Dowden WE, Langeland K. Staphylococcus aureus isolation from a clinically nonexposed root canal. J Endod. 1978;4:122–128.
  • Koukos G, Sakellari D, Arsenakis M, et al. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the oral cavity. Arch Oral Biol. 2015;60(9):1410–1415.
  • Zhuang LF, Watt RM, Mattheos N, et al. Periodontal and peri-implant microbiota in patients with healthy and inflamed periodontal and peri-implant tissues. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(1):13–21.
  • Tambone E, Marchetti A, Ceresa C, et al. Counter-acting Candida albicans-Staphylococcus aureus mixed biofilm on titanium implants using microbial biosurfactants. Polymers. 2021 Jul 23;13(15):2420.
  • Pérez-Tanoira R, Fernández-Arias M, Potel C, et al. Silver nanoparticles produced by laser ablation and re-irradiation are effective preventing peri-implantitis multispecies biofilm formation. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 10;23(19):12027.
  • Hannan TJ, Mysorekar IU, Chen SL, et al. LeuX tRNA-dependent and -independent mechanisms of Escherichia coli pathogenesis in acute cystitis. Mol Microbiol. 2008;67(1):116–128. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06025.x
  • Hodges K, Hecht G. Bacterial infections of the small intestine. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013;29:159–163.
  • Mayanagi G, Sato T, Shimauchi H, et al. Detection frequency of periodontitis-associated bacteria by polymerase chain reaction in subgingival and supragingival plaque of periodontitis and healthy subjects. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2004;19:379–385.
  • Kumar PS, Griffen AL, Barton J, et al. New bacterial species associated with chronic periodontitis. J Dent Res. 2003;82:338–344.
  • Schlafer S, Riep B, Griffen AL, et al. Filifactor alocis involvement in periodontal biofilms. BMC Microbiol. 2010;10:10–66.
  • Fine DH, Markowitz K, Fairlie K, et al. A consortium of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Filifactor alocis is present in sites prior to bone loss in a longitudinal study of localized aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51:2850–2861.
  • Gomes BP, Jacinto RC, Pinheiro ET, et al. Molecular analysis of Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola associated with primary endodontic infections and failed endodontic treatment. J Endod. 2006;32:937–940.
  • da Silva ES, Feres M, Figueiredo LC, et al. Microbiological diversity of peri-implantitis biofilm by Sanger sequencing. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(10):1192–1199.
  • Feres M, Soares GM, Mendes JA, et al. Metronidazole alone or with amoxicillin as adjuncts to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a 1-year double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(12):1149–1158.
  • Mestnik MJ, Feres M, Figueiredo LC, et al. The effects of adjunctive metronidazole plus amoxicillin in the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis: a 1-year double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(10):955–961. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2012.01932.x
  • Goodson JM, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS, et al. Control of periodontal infections: a randomized controlled trial I. The primary outcome attachment gain and pocket depth reduction at treated sites. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39:525–536.
  • Sgolastra F, Gatto R, Petrucci A, et al. Effectiveness of systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole as adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2012;83:1257–1269.
  • Zandbergen D, Slot DE, Cobb CM, et al. The clinical effect of scaling and root planing and the concomitant administration of systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole: a systematic review. J Periodontol. 2012;84(3):332–351.
  • Teughels W, Feres M, Oud V, et al. Adjunctive effect of systemic antimicrobials in periodontitis therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47:257–281.
  • Rosier BT, Marsh PD, Mira A. Resilience of the oral microbiota in health: mechanisms that prevent dysbiosis. J Dent Res. 2018;97:371–380.
  • Varoni EM, Bavarian R, Robledo-Sierra J, et al. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: targeting the microbiome for oral medicine specialists-Part 1. A methodological guide. Oral Dis. 2019 Jun;25(Suppl 1):12–27.
  • Pérez-Chaparro PJ, McCulloch JA, Mamizuka EM, et al. Do different probing depths exhibit striking differences in microbial profiles? J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(1):26–37. DOI:10.1111/jcpe.12811
  • Hajishengallis G, Liang S, Payne MA, et al. Low-abundance biofilm species orchestrates inflammatory periodontal disease through the commensal microbiota and complement. Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Nov 17;10(5):497–506.
  • Hajishengallis G, Darveau RP, Curtis MA. The keystone-pathogen hypothesis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 Oct;10(10):717–725.
  • Hajishengallis G. Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: keystones, pathobionts, and host response. Trends Immunol. 2014 JanOct;35(1):3–11. [Epub 2013 23]. DOI:10.1016/j.it.2013.09.001
  • Louail R, Florin F, Bernard S, et al. Invasion of intestinal cells by Staphylococcus warneri, a member of the human gut microbiota. Gut Pathog. 2023 Jan 27;15(1):4.
  • Herrera D, Contreras A, Gamonal J, et al. Subgingival microbial profiles in chronic periodontitis patients from Chile, Colombia and Spain. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:106–113.