Pathogenic Leptospira contamination in the environment: a systematic review

References

• World Health Organization. Human leptospirosis: guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control. WHO; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Smith DJW, Self HRM. Observations on the survival of leptospira Australis a in soil and water. J Hyg. 1955;53(4):436–12. doi: 10.1017/S0022172400000942
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adler B, de la Peña Moctezuma A. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Vet Microbiol. 2010;140(3–4):287–296. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynwood SJ, Graham GC, Weier SL, et al. Leptospirosis from water sources. Pathog Glob Health. 2014;108(7):334–338. doi: 10.1179/2047773214Y.0000000156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa F, Hagan JE, Calcagno J, et al. Global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: a systematic review. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(9):e0003898. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bierque E, Thibeaux R, Girault D, et al. A systematic review of Leptospira in water and soil environments. PloS One. 2020;15(1):1–22. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan KJ, Halliday JEB, Moseley M, et al. Assessment of animal hosts of pathogenic leptospira in northern Tanzania. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(6):1–19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guernier V, Goarant C, Benschop J, et al. A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(5):1–32. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006503
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2019; p. 206.
   Google Scholar
• Haq A, Anggraini S, Masnarivan Y. Environmental factors related to leptospirosis in Indonesia: a systematic review. AIPHC. 2020. doi: 10.4108/eai.9-10-2019.2297166
   Google Scholar
• Desai NPRBK, Patel F, Patel PB, et al. A case–control study of epidemiological factors associated with leptospirosis in South Gujarat region. J Postgrad Med. 2016;62(4):223–227. doi: 10.4103/0022-3859.188551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barragan V, Olivas S, Keim P, et al. Critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of environmental cycling and transmission of leptospira spp. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017;83(19):1–10. doi:10.1128/AEM.01190-17
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent AT, Schiettekatte O, Goarant C, et al. Revisiting the taxonomy and evolution of pathogenicity of the genus leptospira through the prism of genomics. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(5):e0007270. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun A, Liu X, Yan J. Leptospirosis is an invasive infectious and systemic inflammatory disease. Biomed J. 2020;43(1):24–31. doi:10.1016/j.bj.2019.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levett PN. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14(2):296–326. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thibeaux R, Geroult S, Benezech C, et al. Seeking the environmental source of Leptospirosis reveals durable bacterial viability in river soils. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(2):1–14. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhammad N, Nik H, Halim A, et al. Leptospirosis Occurrence in Agricultural Communities in Setiu, Terengganu. IJRTE. 2019;8(2S3):259–263.
   Google Scholar
• Widiyanti D, Astuti IIP. Study of leptospira sp in several flood-vulnerable areas in Jakarta. J Kedokt Yars. 2016;24(1):80–088.
   Google Scholar
• Miller E, Barragan V, Chiriboga J, et al. Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador. BMC Microbiol. 2021 Jan;21(1):17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnau Cassanovas-Massana AIK, Costa F, Riediger IN, et al. Spatial and temporal dynamics of pathogenic Leptospira in surface waters from the urban slum environment. PMC. 2017;1(203):176–184. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.068
   Google Scholar
• Houéménou H, Gauthier P, Houéménou G, et al. Pathogenic leptospira and water quality in African cities: a case study of Cotonou, Benin. Sci Total Environ. 2021;774:145541. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurilung A, Chanchaithong P, Lugsomya K, et al. Molecular detection and isolation of pathogenic Leptospira from asymptomatic humans, domestic animals and water sources in Nan province, a rural area of Thailand. Res Vet Sci. 2017;115(October 2016):146–154. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.03.017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luchini D, Meacci F, Oggioni MR, et al. Molecular detection of Leptospira interrogans in human tissues and environmental samples in a lethal case of leptospirosis. Int J Legal Med. 2008 May;122(3):229–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allwood P, Muñoz-Zanzi C, Chang M, et al. Knowledge, perceptions, and environmental risk factors among Jamaican households with a history of leptospirosis. J Infect Public Health. 2014;7(4):314–322. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2014.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores B, Escobar K, Muzquiz JL, et al. Detection of pathogenic leptospires in water and soil in areas endemic to leptospirosis in Nicaragua. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2020;5(3):149. doi: 10.3390/TROPICALMED5030149
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nugroho A, Joharina AS, Susanti L. Karakteristik Lingkungan Abiotik dan Potensi Keberadaan Leptospira Patogenik di Air dalam Kejadian Luar Biasa Leptospirosis di Kota Semarang. Vektora J Vektor dan Reserv Penyakit. 2017;9(1):37–42. doi: 10.22435/vk.v9i1.5317.37-42
   Google Scholar
• Benacer D, Woh PY, Mohd Zain SN, et al. Pathogenic and saprophytic leptospira species in water and soils from selected urban sites in peninsular Malaysia. Microbes Environ. 2013;28(1):135–140. doi: 10.1264/jsme2.me12154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pui CF, Bilung LM, Apun K, et al. Diversity of leptospira spp. In rats and environment from urban areas of Sarawak, Malaysia. J Trop Med. 2017;2017:1–8. doi: 10.1155/2017/3760674
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabo NA, Villanueva SYAM, Gloriani NG. Molecular detection of leptospira from environmental samples around abattoirs of Cavite province, Philippines. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2019;50(2):290–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tantengco OAG, Gloriani NG. Isolation and genetic detection of pathogenic leptospira spp. From environmental soils and water in Central Luzon, Philippines. Asian Pacific J Trop Dis. 2017;7(12):748–752. doi:10.12980/apjtd.7.2017D7-220
   Google Scholar
• Saito M, Villanueva SYAM, Chakraborty A, et al. Comparative analysis of leptospira strains isolated from environmental soil and water in the Philippines and Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013;79(2):601–609. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02728-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderón A, Rodríguez V, Máttar S, et al. Leptospirosis in pigs, dogs, rodents, humans, and water in an area of the Colombian tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2014;46(2):427–432. doi:10.1007/s11250-013-0508-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaki AM, Hod R, Shamsusah NA, et al. Detection of leptospira kmetyi at recreational areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Environ Monit Assess. 2020 Oct;192(11):703. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-08639-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawlins J, Portanova A, Zuckerman I, et al. Molecular detection of leptospiral DNA in environmental water on St. Kitts. IJERPH. 2014;11(8):7953–7960. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110807953
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridzlan FR, Bahaman AR, Khairani-Bejo S, et al. Detection of pathogenic leptospira from selected environment in Kelantan and Terengganu, Malaysia. Trop Biomed. 2010;27(3):632–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Suwanpakdee S, Sangkachai N, et al. Potentially pathogenic Leptospira species isolated from a waterfall in Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2018;71(1):65–67. doi:10.7883/yoken.JJID.2017.363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Zanzi C, Mason MR, Encina C, et al. Leptospira contamination in household and environmental water in rural communities in Southern Chile. IJERPH. 2014;11(7):6666–6680. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110706666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viau EJ, Boehm AB. Quantitative PCR-based detection of pathogenic Leptospira in Hawaiʻian coastal streams. J Water Health. 2011 Dec;9(4):637–646. doi: 10.2166/wh.2011.064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma A, Beigel B, Smola CC, et al. Evidence of leptospiral presence in the Cumberland Gap Region. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(12):e0007990. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lall C, Kumar KV, Raj RV, et al. Correlation between physicochemical properties of soil and presence of leptospira. Ecohealth. 2018;15(3):670–675. doi: 10.1007/s10393-018-1346-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azali MA, Yean Yean C, Harun A, et al. Molecular Characterization of Leptospira spp. in environmental samples from North-Eastern Malaysia revealed a pathogenic strain, Leptospira alstonii. J Trop Med. 2016;2016:2060241. doi:10.1155/2016/2060241
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Widiastuti D, Anggun R, Djati P. Kontaminasi Leptospira Patogenik pada Air Konsumsi di Pemukiman Kabupaten Demak. Balaba J Litbang Pengendali: Penyakit Bersumber Binatang Banjarnegara. 2015;11(16):89–96. doi:10.22435/blb.v11i2.4446.89-96
   Google Scholar
• Mohd Ali MR, Mohamad Safiee AW, Yusof NY, et al. Isolation of leptospira kmetyi from residential areas of patients with leptospirosis in Kelantan, Malaysia. J Infect Public Health. 2018;11(4):578–580. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.12.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neela VK, Azhari NN, Joseph N, et al. An outbreak of leptospirosis among reserve military recruits, Hulu Perdik, Malaysia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019 Mar;38(3):523–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason MR, Encina C, Sreevatsan S, et al. Distribution and diversity of pathogenic leptospira species in peri-domestic surface waters from South Central Chile. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Aug;10(8):e0004895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganoza CA, Matthias MA, Collins-Richards D, et al. Determining risk for severe leptospirosis by molecular analysis of environmental surface waters for pathogenic Leptospira:. PLOS Med. 2006 Aug;3(8):e308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinod Kumar K, Lall C, Vimal Raj R, et al. Molecular detection of pathogenic leptospiral protein encoding gene (lipL32) in environmental aquatic biofilms. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2016;62(4):311–315. doi: 10.1111/lam.12533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zala DB, Khan V, Sanghai AA, et al. Leptospira in the different ecological niches of the tribal union territory of India. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2018;12(10):849–854. doi: 10.3855/jidc.10541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnau Casanovas-Massana AIK, Ghizzi Pedra G, Wunder EA Jr., et al. Quantification of Leptospira interrogans survival in soil and water microcosms. Am Soc Microbiol. 2018;84(13):1–11. doi:10.1128/AEM.00507-18
   Google Scholar
• Schneider AG, Casanovas-Massana A, Hacker KP, et al. Quantification of pathogenic Leptospira in the soils of a Brazilian urban slum. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Apr;12(4):e0006415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito M, Miyahara S, Villanueva SYAM, et al. PCR and culture identification of pathogenic leptospira spp. From coastal soil in Leyte, Philippines, after a storm surge during super typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80(22):6926–6932. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02568-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuh Y-B, Shia W-Y, Lee W-M, et al. The use of commercial soil nucleic acid extraction kit and nested PCR for detection of leptospira in farm environment after flooding in Taiwan. Thai J Vet Med. 2011 Dec;41(4):493–498. doi: 10.56808/2985-1130.2342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• André-Fontaine G, Andre-Fontaine G, Thorin C. Waterborne leptospirosis: survival and preservation of the virulence of pathogenic leptospira spp. In fresh water. Curr Microbiol. 2015;71(1):136–142. doi: 10.1007/s00284-015-0836-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nau LH, Obiegala A, Król N, et al. Survival time of Leptospira kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa under different environmental conditions. PloS One. 2020;1–12. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bierque E, Soupé-Gilbert M-E, Thibeaux R, et al. Leptospira interrogans retains direct virulence after long starvation in water. Curr Microbiol. 2020 Oct;77(10):3035–3043. doi: 10.1007/s00284-020-02128-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler B, Lo M, Seemann T, et al. Pathogenesis of leptospirosis: the influence of genomics. Vet Microbiol. 2011;153(1–2):73–81. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Leptospirosis fact sheet for clinicians. 2018 Jan 30. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/52537.
   Google Scholar
• Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Petunjuk Teknis Pengendalian Leptospirosis. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Philip N, Bahtiar Affendy N, Ramli SNA, et al. Leptospira Interrogans and Leptospira Kirschneri are the dominant Leptospira species causing human leptospirosis in Central Malaysia. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(3):1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meny P, Menéndez C, Ashfield N, et al. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in human groups at risk due to environmental, labor or social conditions. Revista Argentina de Microbiología. 2019;51(4):324–333. doi: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar