The effect of prescription patterns on the performance of the pharmacy department of a Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda

References

• A Brief History of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2023, from https://mbararahospital.go.ug/.
   Google Scholar
• Action Programme on Essential Drugs and Vaccines. (2010). Problems of Irrational Drug Use. Essent Drugs Monit, 3.
   Google Scholar
• Adisa, R., Fakeye, T. O., & Aindero, V. O. (2016). Evaluation of prescription pattern and patients’ opinion on healthcare practices in selected primary healthcare facilities in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 15(4), 1318–1329. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i4.35
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alex, L. E. (2018). Factors associated with the high expiry rate of medicines and supplies in public health facilities in jubek state, South Sudan [dissertation]. University of Rwanda. 51 p. http://dr.ur.ac.rw/bitstream/handle/123456789/1503/Lokosang%20Emmanuel.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
   Google Scholar
• Al Hamid, A., Ghaleb, M., Aljadhey, H., & Aslanpour, Z. (2014). A systematic review of hospitalization resulting from medicine-related problems in adult patients. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 78(2), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anagaw, Y. K., Limenh, L. W., Geremew, D. T., Worku, M. C., Dessie, M. G., Tessema, T. A., Demelash, T. B., & Ayenew, W. (2023). Assessment of prescription completeness and drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in private community pharmacies in Addis Ababa: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 16(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-023-00607-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barth, J. H., Misra, S., Aakre, K. M., Langlois, M. R., Watine, J., Twomey, P. J., & Oosterhuis W. P. (2016). Why are clinical practice guidelines not followed?: The European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and European Union of Medical Specialists joint working group on guidelines. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 54(7), 1133–1139. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2015-0871
   Google Scholar
• Bilal, A. I., Osman, E. D., & Mulugeta, A. (2016). Assessment of medicines use pattern using World Health Organization’s prescribing, patient care and health facility indicators in selected health facilities in eastern Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet], 16(1), 0–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1414-6
   Google Scholar
• Chem, E. D., Anong, D. N., & Akoachere, J. F. K. T. (2018). Prescribing patterns and associated factors of antibiotic prescription in primary health care facilities of Kumbo East and Kumbo West health districts: north west Cameroon. PLoS One, 13(4), e0196861. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotter, S. M. (1995). The clinical role of the hospital pharmacist in the United Kingdom National Health Service [thesis]. University of London. 361 p. Retrieved April 6, 2023, from https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/682295/1/363027_vol1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Desalegn, A. A. (2013). Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital, south Ethiopia : A cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 13(1), 170. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-170
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FMHACA. (2014). Food, medicine and healthcare administration and control authority of Ethiopia: Standard treatment guidelines (3rd ed.). 55 p. Retrieved May 5, 2023, from https://www.pascar.org/uploads/files/Ethiopia_-_General_Hospital_CPG.PDF.
   Google Scholar
• Galappatthy, P., Ranasinghe, P., Liyanage, C. K., Wijayabandara, M., Warapitiya, D. S., Jayasekara, D., & Jayakody R. L. (2021). Core prescribing indicators and the most commonly prescribed medicines in a tertiary health care setting in a developing country. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625377
   Google Scholar
• Garg, M., Vishwakarma, P., Sharma, M., Nehra, R., & Saxena, K. K. (2014). The impact of irrational practices: A wake up call. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 5(4), 245–247. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-500X.142434
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Getahun, K. A., Sitotie, R. A., & Aragaw, T. J. (2020). Evaluation of medicine-use pattern using world health organization's core drug-use indicators and completeness of prescription at university of gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study. Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice, 9, 219–227. https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S261320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govender, T., Suleman, F., & Perumal-Pillay V. A. (2021). Evaluating the implementation of the standard treatment guidelines (STGs) and essential medicines list (EML) at a public South African tertiary institution and its associated primary health care (PHC) facilities. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 14(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00390-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hangoma JM. Antibiotic prescribing patterns among physicians at the university teaching hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. [dissertation]. University of Zambia; 2014. 90 p. https://dspace.unza.zm/server/api/core/bitstreams/e58f5955-c011-4ed8-9cf1-95fadb1c3d86/content
   Google Scholar
• Jain, S., Upadhyaya, P., Goyal, J., Kumar, A., Jain, P., Seth, V., Abhijit K., & Moghe, V. V. (2015). A systematic review of prescription pattern monitoring studies and their effectiveness in promoting rational use of medicines. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 6(2), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.154005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kasiuleviius, V., Šapoka, V., & Filipavičiūtė, R. (2006). Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies. Gerontologija, 7(4), 225–231. Retrieved December 10, 2023, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naveen-Boiroju/post/How_to_compute_sample_size_for_comparing_heart_rate_blood_pressure_of_two_groups_of_people/attachment/59d64577c49f478072eadd8f/AS%3A273824996626432%401442296374716/download/sample+size1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health Uganda. (2015). Annual Pharmaceutical Sector Performance Report 2013–2014. Retrieved April 9, 2023, from https://www.health.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/2013-2014-Annual-Pharmaceutical-Sector-Performance-Report.-finalbb-06192015_0.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health Uganda. (2016). Uganda Clinical Guidelines: National Guidelines for Management of Common Conditions. Retrieved May 22, 2023, from https://health.go.ug/sites/default/files/Uganda%20Clinical%20Guidelines%202016_FINAL.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health Uganda. (2018). Medicine and Therapeutics Committees Manual. 1–10. Retrieved June 1, 2023, from https://health.go.ug/sites/default/files/MTC%20Manual%20FINAL_print%20copy_21st%20Jan_19%20%281%29.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Niaz, Q., Godman, B., Campbell, S., & Kibuule, D. (2020). Compliance to prescribing guidelines among public health care facilities in Namibia; findings and implications. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 42(4), 1227–1236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01056-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ofori-Asenso, R. (2016). A closer look at the World Health Organization’s prescribing indicators. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 7(1), 51–54. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-500X.179352
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ofori-Asenso, R., & Agyeman, A. (2016). Irrational use of medicines—A summary of key concepts. Pharmacy, 4(4), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy4040035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanmugapriya, S., Saravanan, T., Rajee, S. S., Venkatrajan, R., & Thomas, P. M. (2018). Drug prescription pattern of outpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Tamil Nadu. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 9(3), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.PICR_86_17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shrestha, R., & Prajapati, S. (2019). Assessment of prescription pattern and prescription error in outpatient department at tertiary care district hospital, central Nepal. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 12(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-019-0177-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukar, S., Zahoor, F., Hayat, K., Saeed, A., Gillani, A. H., Omer, S., Hu S., Babar Z.-U.-D., Fang Y., & Yang C. (2021). Drug shortage: Causes, impact, and mitigation strategies. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 693426. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.693426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UBOS-Statistical Abstract. (2020). Uganda Bureau of Statistics, 2020 statistical abstract. Uganda Bur Stat [Internet], 1, 303. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/pdfdocuments/abstracts/StatisticalAbstract2013.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Vledder, M., Friedman, J., Sjoblom, M., Brown, T., & Yadav, P. (2019). Improving supply chain for essential drugs in low-income countries: Results from a large scale randomized experiment in Zambia. Health Systems & Reform, 5(2), 158–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2019.1596050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, A. K., Quick, J. D., & Ross-Degnan, D. (2014). Quality use of medicines within universal health coverage: Challenges and opportunities. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 357. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (1993). How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. Geneva: WHO/DAP/93.1. Retrieved June 15, 2923, from https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/60519/WHO_DAP_93.1.pdf?sequence=1.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2015). Technical Consultation on Preventing and Managing Global Stock Outs of Medicines. WHO [Internet]. 1–22. Retrieved May 15, 2023, from https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/medicines/medicines_shortages.pdf?sfvrsn=7f7fe1b4_3&download=true.
   Google Scholar
• Wiedenmayer, K., Ombaka, E., Kabudi, B., Canavan, R., Rajkumar, S., Chilunda, F., Sungi S., & Stoermer M. (2021). Adherence to standard treatment guidelines among prescribers in primary healthcare facilities in the Dodoma region of Tanzania. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 272. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06257-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2023. Promoting rational use of medicines. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from https://www.who.int/activities/promoting-rational-use-of-medicines.
   Google Scholar