Evaluating drug use patterns among paediatric outpatients in Burundi

References

• Abdin, Y., & Mohammed, F. (2021). Assessment of prescription pattern at primary healthcare centres in Khartoum locality. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 21, 23–29. https://doi.org/10.24911/sjp.106-1585060471
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abu Farha, R., Awwad, O., Abdurazaq, B., Abu Hammour, K., & Akour, A. (2022). Evaluation of drug use pattern in pediatric outpatient clinics in a tertiary teaching hospital using WHO core prescribing indicators. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 13(4), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adeosun, S. A., Joda, A. E., Aderemi-Williams, R. I., & Oyetunde, O. O. (2022). Assessment of drug use in primary health centers in Lagos State, Nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal, 43(58), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.43.58.36231
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmadi, F., & Zarei, E. (2017). Prescribing patterns of rural family physicians: A study in Kermanshah Province, Iran. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4932-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akl, O. A., El Mahalli, A. A., Elkahky, A. A., & Salem, A. M. (2014). WHO/INRUD drug use indicators at primary healthcare centers in Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 9(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2013.06.002
   Google Scholar
• Alshakka, M., Said, K., Babakri, M., Ansari, M., Aldhubhani, A., Hassali, M. A., & Ibrahim, M. I. M. (2016). A study on antibiotics prescribing pattern at outpatient department in four hospitals in Aden-Yemen. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine, 2(3), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2016.3.5
   Google Scholar
• Amaha, N. D., Weldemariam, D. G., Abdu, N., & Tesfamariam, E. H. (2019). Prescribing practices using WHO prescribing indicators and factors associated with antibiotic prescribing in six community pharmacies in Asmara, Eritrea: A cross-sectional study. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 8(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-019-0620-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amponsah, O. K. O., Ayisi-Boateng, N. K., Nagaraja, S. B., Nair, D., Muradyan, K., Hedidor, G. K., Labi, A.-K., Opare-Addo, M. N. A., Sarkodie, E., & Buabeng, K. O. (2022). Adherence to prescribing indicators at a district hospital in Ghana: Do we match WHO Standards? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aryal, A., Dahal, A., & Shrestha, R. (2020). Study on drug use pattern in primary healthcare centers of Kathmandu valley. SAGE Open Medicine, 8, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312120926437
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atal, S., Jhaj, R., Mathur, A., Rai, N., Misra, S., & Sadasivam, B. (2021). Outpatient prescribing trends: Rational use of medicine and impact of prescription audit with feedback at a tertiary care centre in India. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 36(3), 738–753. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atif, M., Sarwar, M. R., Azeem, M., Naz, M., Amir, S., & Nazir, K. (2016a). Assessment of core drug use indicators using WHO/INRUD methodology at primary healthcare centers in Bahawalpur: Pakistan. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1932-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Atif, M., Sarwar, M. R., Azeem, M., Umer, D., Rauf, A., Rasool, A., Ahsan, M., & Scahill, S. (2016b). Assessment of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators in two tertiary care hospitals of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 9(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-016-0076-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bell, B. G., Schellevis, F., Stobberingh, E., Goossens, H., & Pringle, M. (2014). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance. BMC Infectious Diseases, 14(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galappatthy, P., Ranasinghe, P., Liyanage, C. K., Wijayabandara, M., Warapitiya, D. S., & Jayasekara, D. (2021a). Core prescribing indicators and the most commonly prescribed medicines in a tertiary health care setting in a developing country. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625377
   Google Scholar
• Galappatthy, P., Ranasinghe, P., Liyanage, C. K., Wijayabandara, M. S., Mythily, S., & Jayakody, R. L. (2021b). WHO/INRUD Core drug use indicators and commonly prescribed medicines: A National Survey from Sri Lanka. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 22(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-021-00535-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habimana, G., Nyandwi, T., Kabayiza, J. C., & Kayumba, P. C. (2020). Evaluating drug prescription patterns in children according to World Health Organisation’s indicators, Kigali, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study. Research Square, 2020, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-26644/v1
   Google Scholar
• Hogerzeil, H. V. (1995). Promoting rational prescribing. An international perspective. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 39(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04402.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holloway, K., & Green, T. (2003). Drug and therapeutics committees. A practical guide (p. 155). https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/68553
   Google Scholar
• Holloway, K. A., & Henry, D. (2014). WHO essential medicines policies and use in developing and transitional countries: An analysis of reported policy implementation and medicines use surveys. PLoS Medicine, 11(9), e1001724. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irunde, H., Minzi, O., & Moshiro, C. (2017). Assessment of rational medicines prescribing in healthcare facilities in four regions of Tanzania. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine, 3(4), 225–231. https://doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2017.4.64
   Google Scholar
• Jin, G., Chen, C., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Chen, L., Du, J., Lu, X., & Chen, J. (2019). Prescribing patterns of encounters in fourteen general practice clinics in rural Beijing: A cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4656-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabba, J. A., James, P. B., Li, Z., Hanson, C., Chang, J., Kitchen, C., Jiang, M., Zhao, M., Yang, C., & Fang, Y. (2020). Prescribing for patients seeking maternal and child healthcare in Sierra Leone: A multiregional retrospective cross-sectional assessments of prescribing pattern using who drug use indicators.Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 2525–2534. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S256648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilipamwambu, A., Bwire, G. M., Myemba, D. T., Njiro, B. J., & Majigo, M. V. (2021). WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators and antibiotic utilization patterns among primary health care facilities in Ilala district, Tanzania. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 3(Supplement_1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlab049
   Google Scholar
• Klein, E. Y., Milkowska-Shibata, M., Tseng, K. K., Sharland, M., Gandra, S., Pulcini, C., Laxminarayan, R. (2021). Assessment of WHO antibiotic consumption and access targets in 76 countries, 2000–15: An analysis of pharmaceutical sales data. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30332-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, V. P. N., Antony, L. J., Maharani, B., Jaikumar, S., & Somasundaram, G. (2020). Prescription pattern of drugs used in pediatric patients of a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 11(04), 380–384. https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2021.11.11328202006122020
   Google Scholar
• Lima, M. G., Álvares, J., Guerra Junior, A. A., Costa, E. A., Guibu, I. A., Soeiro, O. M., Leite, S. N., Karnikowski, M. G. d. O., Costa, K. S., & Acurcio, F. D. A. (2017). Indicators related to the rational use of medicines and its associated factors. Revista de Saúde Pública, 51, 23s–28s. https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2017051007137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal, P., Asad, M., Kayal, A., & Biswas, M. (2022). Assessment of use of World Health Organization access, watch, reserve antibiotics and core prescribing indicators in pediatric outpatients in a tertiary care teaching Hospital in Eastern India. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 14(2), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.picr_22_22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathew, R., Sayyed, H., Behera, S., Maleki, K., & Pawar, S. (2021). Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing pattern in pediatrics in a tertiary care hospital. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 11(01|1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajm.ajm_73_20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohammed, S. A., & Faris, A. G. (2021). The pattern of medicine use in Ethiopia using the WHO core drug use indicators. BioMed Research International, 2021, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7041926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MSH. (2012). Managing access to medicines and health technologies (Vol. 3, pp. 111–131). Kumarin Press. https://msh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/mds3-fm-revised-nov2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• MSPLS. (2022). Liste Nationale des Médicaments Essentiels au Burundi.
   Google Scholar
• Nyabuti, A. O., Okalebo, F. A., & Guantai, E. M. (2020). Examination of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators at public primary healthcare centers in Kisii County, Kenya. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3173847
   Google Scholar
• Ofori-Asenso, R., & Agyeman, A. (2016). Irrational use of medicines. A summary of key concepts. Pharmacy, 4(4), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy4040035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ofori-Asenso, R., Brhlikova, P., & Pollock, A. M. (2016). Prescribing indicators at primary health care centers within the WHO African region: A systematic analysis (1995-2015). BMC Public Health, 16(1), 724. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3428-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okoye, B. I., Udemba, J. C., Ndugba, C. A., Okonkwo, J. I., & Obed, E. A. (2022). Evaluation of rational prescribing in a hospital paediatric outpatient clinic in Nigeria. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 6(1), e001585–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001585
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Osório, N., Oliveira, V., Costa, M. I., Santos-Costa, P., Serambeque, B., Gama, F., Adriano, D., Graveto, J., Parreira, P., & Salgueiro-Oliveira, A. (2023). Short peripheral venous catheters contamination and the dangers of bloodstream infection in Portugal: An analytic study. Microorganisms, 11(3), 709–711. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prah, J., Kizzie-Hayford, J., Walker, E., & Ampofo-Asiama, A. (2017). Antibiotic prescription pattern in a Ghanaian primary health care facility. Pan African Medical Journal, 28, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.28.214.13940
   Google Scholar
• Rabbani, S. A., Sridhar, S. B., Safdar, M., Rao, P. G. M., Jaber, A. A. S., AlAhmad, M. M., Shaar, K., Emad, I., & Azim, M. A. (2023). Assessment of prescribing practices and factors related to antibiotic prescribing in community pharmacies. Medicina, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050843
   Google Scholar
• Rahul, S., Sravya, D. L., & Doddayya, H. (2021). Study of drug prescribing pattern in pediatric outpatient department at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 11(5), 23–26. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i5.4996
   Google Scholar
• Romandini, A., Pani, A., Schenardi, P. A., Pattarino, G. A. C., De Giacomo, C., & Scaglione, F. (2021). Antibiotic resistance in pediatric infections: Global emerging threats, predicting the near future. Antibiotics, 10(4), 393–312. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040393
   Google Scholar
• Sema, F. D., Asres, E. D., & Wubeshet, B. D. (2021). Evaluation of rational use of medicine using WHO / INRUD core drug use indicators at Teda and Azezo Health Centers, Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia. Integrated Pharmacy Research & Practice, 10, 51–63. https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S316399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrestha, J. T. M., Tiwari, S., Kushwaha, D. K., Bhattarai, P., & Shrestha, R. (2021). Drug prescription in the department of medicine of a tertiary care hospital according to the world health organization/international network for rational use of drugs core indicators: A descriptive cross-sectional survey. Journal of Nepal Medical Association, 59(240), 745–748. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.5612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siele, S. M., Abdu, N., Ghebrehiwet, M., Hamed, M. R., & Tesfamariam, E. H. (2022). Drug prescribing and dispensing practices in regional and national referral hospitals of Eritrea: Evaluation with WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. PLoS One, 17(8), e0272936–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, L. S., Lavanya, S., Sudaroli, M., & Kumar, G. P. (2015). Prescribing patterns of drugs in outpatient department of paediatrics in tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 7(4), 18–18. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijopp.7.4.4
   Google Scholar
• USAID. (1985). Rational drug use: Prescribing, dispensing, counseling and adherence in ART Programs. https://www.who.int/hiv/amds/capacity/ken_msh_rational.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Wendie, T. F., Ahmed, A., & Mohammed, S. A. (2021). Drug use pattern using WHO core drug use indicators in public health centers of Dessie, North-East Ethiopia. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01530-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (1987). World Health Organization. The Rational use of drugs: Report of the conference of experts, Nairobi, 25–29 November 1985. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/162006/WHA39_12-Part-1_eng.pdf?sequence = 1&isAllowed = y. Accessed 23 April 2023. 1986.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (1993). How to investigate drug use in health facilities. Selected drug use indicators. Health Policy, 34(1), 1–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-8510(95)90068-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2002). Promoting rational use of medicines : Core components. WHO Policy Perspect Medicine, 5(1308), 1–6. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67438/WHO_EDM_2002.3.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Yimer, Y. S., Addis, G. T., & Alemu, M. A. (2022). Evaluation of prescription completeness: Rational drug-use patterns using WHO prescribing, patient-care and facility indicators in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221122422
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousif, B. M. E., & Supakankunti, S. (2016). General practitioners’ prescribing patterns at primary healthcare centers in National Health Insurance, Gezira, Sudan. Drugs - Real World Outcomes, 3(3), 327–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40801-016-0087-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar