Effects of empathy and egoism on CSR perceptions and consumer buycotts: Lessons learned during global crisis in support of equitable business practices

References

• Ackermann, K., & Gundelach, B. (2022). Psychological roots of political consumerism: Personality traits and participation in boycott and buycott. International Political Science Review, 43(1), 36–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512120959683
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aksoy, C. G., Ganslmeier, M., & Poutvaara, P. (2020). Public attention and policy responses to COVID-19 pandemic. Available at SSRN 3638340. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.30.20143420
   Google Scholar
• Aung, M., Wang, J., & Zhang, X. (2021). Navigating the field of contemporary political consumerism: Consumer boycott and consumer buycott vistas. Journal of Marketing Development & Competitiveness, 15(4), 118–134.
   Google Scholar
• Baccini, L., Brodeur, A., & Weymouth, S. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic and the 2020 US presidential election. Journal of Population Economics, 34(2), 739–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00820-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batson, C. D. (1987). Prosocial motivation: Is it ever truly altruistic?. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 20, pp. 65–122). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Batson, C. D., Ahmad, N., Yin, J., Bedell, S. J., Johnson, J. W., & Templin, C. M. (1999). Two threats to the common good: Self-interested egoism and empathy-induced altruism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299025001001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batson, C. D., & Shaw, L. L. (1991). Evidence for altruism: Toward a pluralism of prosocial motives. Psychological Inquiry, 2(2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0202_1
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, L., Broady, K. E., Edelberg, W., & O’Donnell, J. (2020, September 18). Ten facts about COVID-19 and the U. S. economy. https://www.brookings.edu/research/ten-facts-about-Covid-19-and-the-u-s-economy/.
   Google Scholar
• Bénabou, R., & Tirole, J. (2010). Individual and corporate social responsibility. Economica, 77(305), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2009.00843.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods and Research, 10(2), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/004912418101000205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch, D., Memery, J., & Kanakaratne, M. D. S. (2018). The mindful consumer: Balancing egoistic and altruistic motivations to purchase local food. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 40, 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.10.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capriotti, P., & Moreno, A. (2007). Corporate citizenship and public relations: The importance and interactivity of social responsibility issues on corporate websites. Public Relations Review, 33(1), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.11.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, A. B. (2021). Corporate social responsibility: Perspectives on the CSR construct’s development and future. Business and Society, 60(6), 1258–1278. https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503211001765
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudary, S., Zahid, Z., Shahid, S., Khan, S. N., & Azar, S. (2016). Customer perception of CSR initiatives: Its antecedents and consequences. Social Responsibility Journal, 12(2), 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-04-2015-0056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chełstowska, A., & Ignaciuk, A. (2023). Criminalization, medicalization, and stigmatization: Genealogies of abortion activism in Poland. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 48(2), 423–453. https://doi.org/10.1086/722897
   Google Scholar
• Cialdini, R. B. (1991). Altruism or egoism? That is (still) the question. Psychological Inquiry, 2(2), 124–126. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0202_3
   Google Scholar
• Commission on Social Determinants of Health. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health: Final report of the commission on social determinants of health. World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Dave, D. M., Friedson, A. I., Matsuzawa, K., Sabia, J. J., & and Safford, S. (2020). Black lives matter protests, social distancing, and Covid-19. SSRN Electronic Journal. ( No, w.27408). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3631599
   Google Scholar
• Davis, M. H. (1983). The effects of dispositional empathy on emotional reactions and helping: A multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality, 51(2), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1983.tb00860.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Leeuw, R. N., van Woudenberg, T. J., Green, K. H., Sweijen, S. W., van de Groep, S., Kleemans, M., Tamboer, S. L., Crone, E. A., & Buijzen, M. (2023). Moral beauty during the COVID-19 pandemic: Prosocial behavior among adolescents and the inspiring role of the media. Communication Research, 50(2), 131–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502221112804
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dovidio, J. F. (1991). The empathy-altruism hypothesis: Paradigm and promise. Psychological Inquiry, 2(2), 126–128. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0202_4
   Google Scholar
• Environmental Protection Agency. Climate change and the health of socially vulnerable people. Retrieved USA EPA on March 28, 2023, Retrieved USA EPA on March 28, 2023 https://www.epa.gov/climateimpacts/climate-change-and-health-socially-vulnerable-people
   Google Scholar
• Eveland, V. B., Crutchfield, T. N., & Rynarzewska, A. I. (2018). Developing a consumer relationship model of corporate social performance. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 35(5), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-07-2017-2287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes, D. (2020). Politics at the mall: The moral foundations of boycotts. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 39(4), 494–513. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743915620943178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, D., & Mallery, M. (2003). Using SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference.
   Google Scholar
• Goldman, N., Pebley, A. R., Lee, K., Andrasfay, T., Pratt, B., & Camacho-Rivera, M. (2021). Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US. PLOS ONE, 16(9), e0256085. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurvitsh, N., & Sidorova, I. (2012). Survey of sustainability reporting integrated into annual reports of Estonian companies for the years 2007-2010: based on companies listed on Tallinn Stock Exchange as of October 2011. Procedia Economics and Finance, 2, 26–34.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F. H., Jr., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: Updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDA.2017.087624
   Google Scholar
• Halpern, L. W. (2020). The politicization of Covid-19. AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 120(11), 19–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000721912.74581.d7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, H., & Harris, L. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on corporate social responsibility and marketing philosophy. Journal of Business Research, 116, 176–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, S., Balderjahn, I., Seegebarth, B., Mai, R., & Peyer, M. (2018). Under which conditions are consumers ready to boycott or buycott? The roles of hedonism and simplicity. Ecological Economics, 147, 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iacobucci, D., Saldanha, N., & Deng, X. (2007). A meditation on mediation: Evidence that structural equations models perform better than regressions. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1057-7408(07)70020-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igielnik, I., Keeter, S., & Hartig, H. (2021). Behind Biden’s 2020 Victory, An examination of the 2020 electorate, based on validated voters. Pew Research Report. https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2021/06/30/behind-bidens-2020-victory/
   Google Scholar
• Jin, S., Balliet, D., Romano, A., Spadaro, G., Van Lissa, C. J., Agostini, M., Gützkow, B., Kreienkamp, J., Leander, N. P., Abakoumkin, G., Khaiyom, J. H. A., Ahmedi, V., Akkas, H., Almenara, C. A., Kurapov, A., Atta, M., Bagci, S. C., Basel, S., Kida, E. B., & Zick, A.… Bélanger, J. J. (2021). Intergenerational conflicts of interest and prosocial behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and Individual Differences, 171, 110535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabeer, N. (2005). Gender equality and women’s empowerment: A critical analysis of the third millennium development goal 1. Gender and Development, 13(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552070512331332273
   Google Scholar
• Kaushik, A. (2021). Manipulative magnetic nanomedicine: The future of COVID-19 pandemic/endemic therapy. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 18(5), 531–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2021.1860938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. (2014). The roles of cause involvement and cause acts in a social marketing campaign. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 24(4), 426–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2014.949032
   Google Scholar
• Kline, R. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Koren, M., Pető, R., & Angeli, F. (2020). Business disruptions from social distancing. PLOS ONE, 15(9), e0239113. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger, N. (2020). ENOUGH: COVID-19, structural racism, police brutality, plutocracy, climate change-and time for health justice, Democratic Governance, and an Equitable, Sustainable future. American Journal of Public Health, 110(11), 1620–1623. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, C. S., Chiu, C. J., Yang, C. F., & Pai, D. C. (2010). The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand performance: The mediating effect of industrial brand equity and corporate reputation. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(3), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0433-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, E. J. (2016). Empathy can increase customer equity related to pro-social brands. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), 3748–3754, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.05.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maner, J. K., & Gailliot, M. T. (2007). Altruism and egoism: Prosocial motivations for helping depend on relationship context. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37(2), 347–358. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuel, T., & Herron, T. L. (2020). An ethical perspective of business CSR and the COVID-19 pandemic. Society and Business Review, 15(3), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-06-2020-0086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters, N. B., Shih, S. F., Bukoff, A., Akel, K. B., Kobayashi, L. C., Miller, A. L., Harapan, H., Lu, Y., Wagner, A. L., & Tan, W. (2020). Social distancing in response to the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) in the United States. PLOS ONE, 15(9), e0239025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, T., Rynarzewska, A. I., & Fullerton, S. (2022). Anti-consumption: A preliminary examination of a set of social considerations that impact a consumer’s decision to “punish” marketers deemed to be engaging in irresponsible behavior.
   Google Scholar
• Michaelidou, N., & Dibb, S. (2008). Consumer involvement: A new perspective. The Marketing Review, 8(1), 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1362/146934708X290403
   Google Scholar
• Miguel, F. K., Machado, G. M., Pianowski, G., & Carvalho, L. F. (2021). Compliance with containment measures to the COVID-19 pandemic over time: Do antisocial traits matter? Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Keith Campbell, W. (2011). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A nomological network analysis. Journal of Personality, 79(5), 1013–1042. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00711.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neilson, L. A. (2010). Boycott or buycott? Understanding political consumerism. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 9(3), 214–227. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neureiter, M., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2021). Why do boycotts sometimes increase sales? Consumer activism in the age of political polarization. Business Horizons, 64(5), 611–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Otterbring, T., Festila, A., & Folwarczny, M. (2021). Self-isolation for the self-centered: Negative framing increases narcissists’ willingness to self-isolate during COVID-19 through higher response efficacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 174, 110688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paek, H. J., & Nelson, M. R. (2009). To buy or not to buy: Determinants of socially responsible consumer behavior and consumer reactions to cause-related and boycotting ads. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 31(2), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2009.10505267
   Google Scholar
• Peifer, J. L., & Newman, D. T. (2020). Making the business case for corporate social responsibility and perceived trustworthiness: A cross‐stakeholder analysis. Business and Society Review, 125(2), 161–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/basr.12210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfattheicher, S., Nockur, L., Böhm, R., Sassenrath, C., & Petersen, M. B. (2020). The emotional path to action: Empathy promotes physical distancing and wearing of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Science, 31(11), 1363–1373. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620964422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, H., & Zheng, Y. (2023). COVID-19 vaccination and household savings: An economic recovery channel. Finance Research Letters, 54, 103711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.103711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieger, M. O. (2020). Triggering altruism increases the willingness to get vaccinated against Covid-19. Social Health and Behavior, 3(3), 78. https://doi.org/10.4103/SHB.SHB_39_20
   Google Scholar
• Romani, S., Grappi, S., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2013). Explaining consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility: The role of gratitude and altruistic values. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1337-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, M. S., & Carroll, A. B. (2008). Integrating and unifying competing and complementary frameworks: The search for a common core in the business and society field. Business and Society, 47(2), 148–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650306297942
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, M. S., & Kay, A. (2023). The COVID-19 global crisis and corporate social responsibility. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 12(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-022-00165-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoss, M. K., Horan, K. A., DiStaso, M., LeNoble, C. A., & Naranjo, A. (2021). The conflicting impact of COVID-19’s health and economic crises on helping. Group and Organization Management, 46(1), 3–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601120968704
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, T. W. (2006). Altruism and empathy in America: Trends and correlates (pp. 1–48). Chicago: National Opinion Research Center, University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Sriramesh, K., Ng, C. W., Ting, S. T., & Wanyin, L. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and public relations. The debate over corporate social responsibility (S. May, G. Cheney & J. Roper, Eds.). Oxford University.
   Google Scholar
• Stolle, D., Hooghe, M., & Micheletti, M. (2005). Politics in the supermarket: Political consumerism as a form of political participation. International Political Science Review, 26(3), 245–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512105053784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y., Leng, K., & Xiong, H. (2022). Research on the influencing factors of consumers’ green purchase behavior in the post-pandemic era. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 69, 103118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, C. A., Boulos, C., & Almond, D. (2020). Livestock plants and COVID-19 transmission. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(50), 31706–31715. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010115117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Paluszek, M. M., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). Reactions to COVID-19: Differential predictors of distress, avoidance, and disregard for social distancing. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 94–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilt, C. A. (2016). Corporate social responsibility research: the importance of context. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 1(1), 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Tisdell, C. A. (2020). Economic, social and political issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic Analysis and Policy, 68, 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2020.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treisman, R. (2021, February 01). Meatpacking companies, OSHA face investigation over coronavirus in plants. Retrieved February 12, 2021. from https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/02/01/962877199/meatpacking-companies-osha-face-investigation-over-coronavirus-in-plants?fbclid=IwAR0Go5o4kvmqpsbymCZ4FUYG5J3f8LZwPitkUqwlhqJzfF4KQReuqA8dK0
   Google Scholar
• Tuzovic, S., & Kabadayi, S. (2021). The influence of social distancing on employee well-being: A conceptual framework and research agenda. Journal of Service Management, 32(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-05-2020-0140
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varki, S., & Wong, S. (2003). Consumer involvement in relationship marketing of services. Journal of Service Research, 6(1), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670503254287
   Google Scholar
• Wang, D. H. M., Chen, P. H., Yu, T. H. K., & Hsiao, C. Y. (2015). The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand equity and firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2232–2236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Pasco, R. F., Du, Z., Petty, M., Fox, S. J., Galvani, A. P., Pignone, M., Johnston, S. C., & Meyers, L. A. (2020). Impact of social distancing measures on coronavirus disease healthcare demand, central Texas, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(10), 2361–2369. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2610.201702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weine, S., Kohrt, B. A., Collins, P. Y., Cooper, J., Lewis-Fernandez, R., Okpaku, S., & Wainberg, M. L. (2020). Justice for George Floyd and a reckoning for global mental health. Global Mental Health, 7, e22. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2020.17
   Google Scholar
• White, K., Habib, R., & Dahl, D. W. (2020). A review and framework for thinking about the drivers of prosocial consumer behavior. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 5(1), 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1086/706782
   Google Scholar
• Wood, M. (2012). Marketing social marketing. Journal of Social Marketing, 2(2), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/20426761211243937
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (World Health Organization) Emergency Committee. (2020, January 30). 2005). Emergency committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCov). Retrieved January 31, 2021. https://www.who.int/news/item/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus- 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., & Konrath, S. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between economic inequality and prosocial behaviour. Nature Human Behaviour, 1–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yim, S., Bae, Y. H., Lim, H., & Kwon, J. (2019). The role of marketing capability in linking CSR to corporate financial performance: When CSR gives positive signals to stakeholders. European Journal of Marketing, 53(7), 1333–1354. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-08-2017-0526
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar