COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Chinese elderly: A multi-stakeholder qualitative study

References

• Anderson RM, Vegvari C, Truscott J, Collyer BS. Challenges in creating herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mass vaccination. Lancet Lond Engl. 2020;396(10263):1614–8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32318-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan RE, Adab P, Cheng KK. Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death. BMJ. 2020;368:m1198. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• the United Nations. Policy brief: the impact of COVID-19 on older people. Published online; 2020 May [accessed 2024 Jan 14]. https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2020/10/old_persons_chinese.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sadarangani M, Abu Raya B, Conway JM, Iyaniwura SA, Falcao RC, Colijn C, Coombs D, Gantt S. Importance of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in older age groups. Vaccine. 2021;39(15):2020–3. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CY, Fan CW, Ahorsu DK, Lin YC, Weng HC, Griffiths MD. Associations between vaccination and quality of life among Taiwan general population: a comparison between COVID-19 vaccines and flu vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(5):2079344. doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2079344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balaji JN, Prakash S, Joshi A, Surapaneni KM. A scoping review on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) community and factors fostering its refusal. Healthc Basel Switz. 2023;11(2):245. doi:10.3390/healthcare11020245.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prabani KIP, Weerasekara I, Damayanthi HDWT. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health. 2022;212:66–75. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2022.09.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesan K, Menon S, Haroon NN. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students: a systematic review. J Educ Health Promot. 2022;11(1):218. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_940_21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bianchi FP, Stefanizzi P, Martinelli A, Brescia N, Tafuri S. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in people affected by diabetes and strategies to increase vaccine compliance: a systematic narrative review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2023;41(7):1303–1309. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nascimento MM, Nunes AG, Juchem L. “I believe in science and in all vaccines:” older adult and the intention for a vaccine against COVID-19. Asian J Soc Health Behav. 2022;5(3):108. doi:10.4103/shb.shb_17_22.
   Google Scholar
• Yasmin F, Najeeb H, Moeed A, Naeem U, Asghar MS, Chughtai NU, Yousaf Z, Seboka BT, Ullah I, Lin C-Y. et al. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States: a systematic review. Front Public Health. 2021;9:770985. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.770985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine P, Eames K, Heymann DL. “Herd immunity”: a rough guide. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2011;52(7):911–6. doi:10.1093/cid/cir007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah A, Coiado OC. COVID-19 vaccine and booster hesitation around the world: a literature review. Front Med. 2022;9:1054557. doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1054557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayyalasomayajula S, Dhawan A, Karattuthodi MS, Thorakkattil SA, Abdulsalim S, Elnaem MH, Sridhar S, Unnikrishnan MK. A Systematic review on sociodemographic, financial and psychological factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine booster hesitancy among adult population. Vaccines. 2023;11(3):623. doi:10.3390/vaccines11030623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadda M, Suggs LS, Albanese E. Willingness to vaccinate against covid-19: a qualitative study involving older adults from Southern Switzerland. Vaccine. 2021;8:100108. doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham S, Blaxland M, Bolt R. Aboriginal peoples’ perspectives about COVID-19 vaccines and motivations to seek vaccination: a qualitative study. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;7(7):1–8. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siu JYM, Cao Y, Shum DHK. Perceptions of and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination in older Chinese adults in Hong Kong: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):288. doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03000-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding D, Zhang R. China’s COVID-19 control strategy and its impact on the global pandemic. Front Public Health. 2022;10:857003. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.857003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson HJ, Gakidou E, Murray CJL, Longo DL. The Vaccine-Hesitant Moment. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(1):58–65. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2106441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao Y, Yang J, Huang S, Su Y. A survey on the willingness and influencing factors of the COVID-19 vaccination among people aged 60 years and above in Zhejiang Province. Chin J Control Prev. 2022;26(5):611–4. doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.05.021.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang P, Gao J. Evaluation of China’s public health system response to COVID-19. J Glob Health. 2021;11:05004. doi:10.7189/jogh.11.05004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotecha I, Vasavada D, Kumar P, Nerli LR, Tiwari D, Parmar D. Knowledge, attitude, and belief of health-care workers toward COVID-19 vaccine at a tertiary care center in India. Asian J Soc Health Behav. 2022;5(2):63. doi:10.4103/shb.shb_20_21.
   Google Scholar
• Rad M, Fakhri A, Stein L, Araban M. Health-care staff beliefs and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccinations: a cross-sectional study from Iran. Asian J Soc Health Behav. 2022;5(1):40. doi:10.4103/shb.shb_13_22.
   Google Scholar
• Dumic A, Miskulin I, Matic Licanin M, Mujkic A, Cacic Kenjeric D, Miskulin M. Nutrition counselling practices among general practitioners in Croatia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(12):1499. doi:10.3390/ijerph14121499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbarazi I, Al-Hamad S, Alfalasi S, Aldhaheri R, Dubé E, Alsuwaidi AR. Exploring vaccine hesitancy among healthcare providers in the United Arab Emirates: a qualitative study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(7):2018–25. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1855953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin C, Mullen J, Smith D, Kotarba M, Kaplan SJ, Tu P. Healthcare Providers’ vaccine perceptions, hesitancy, and recommendation to patients: a systematic review. Vaccines. 2021;9(7):713. doi:10.3390/vaccines9070713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verger P, Botelho-Nevers E, Garrison A, Gagnon D, Gagneur A, Gagneux-Brunon A, Dubé E. Vaccine hesitancy in health-care providers in Western countries: a narrative review. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2022;21(7):909–27. doi:10.1080/14760584.2022.2056026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutan R, Batarfi SA, Ismail H, Bin-Ghouth AS. Vaccine hesitancy from parents and healthcare providers perspectives in Hadhramout Governorate, Yemen: a mixed-method study protocol. BMJ Open. 2022;12(2):e055841. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National CDC. 96.1% of China’s elderly have been vaccinated against COVID-19. Published; 2023 Feb 23 [accessed 2024 Jan 14]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-02/23/content_5742998.htm
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald NE, SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy: definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4161–4164. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders B, Sim J, Kingstone T, Baker S, Waterfield J, Bartlam B, Burroughs H, Jinks C. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Qual Quant. 2018;52(4):1893–907. doi:10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse JM. The significance of saturation. Qual Health Res. 1995;5(2):147–149. doi:10.1177/104973239500500201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Walker KK, Head KJ, Owens H, Zimet GD. A qualitative study exploring the relationship between mothers’ vaccine hesitancy and health beliefs with COVID-19 vaccination intention and prevention during the early pandemic months. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(10):3355–64. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1942713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang PC, Chen IH, Barlassina L, Turner JR, Carvalho F, Martinez-Perez A, Gibson-Miller J, Kürthy M, Lee K-H, Griffiths MD. et al. Expanding protection motivation theory to explain vaccine uptake among United Kingdom and Taiwan populations. Hum Vaccines Immunother Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19(1):2211319. doi:10.1080/21645515.2023.2211319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan CW, Chen IH, Ko NY, Yen C-F, Lin C-Y, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Extended theory of planned behavior in explaining the intention to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among mainland Chinese university students: an online survey study. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2021;17(10):3413–20. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1933687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geana MV, Anderson S, Ramaswamy M. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among women leaving jails: a qualitative study. Public Health Nurs Boston Mass. 2021;38(5):892–6. doi:10.1111/phn.12922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kata A. Anti-vaccine activists, web 2.0, and the postmodern paradigm–an overview of tactics and tropes used online by the anti-vaccination movement. Vaccine. 2012;30(25):3778–89. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kukreti S, Strong C, Chen JS, Chen Y-J, Griffiths MD, Hsieh M-T, Lin C-Y. The association of care burden with motivation of vaccine acceptance among caregivers of stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: mediating roles of problematic social media use, worry, and fear. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):157. doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01186-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jemal B, Aweke Z, Mola S, Hailu S, Abiy S, Dendir G, Tilahun A, Tesfaye B, Asichale A, Neme D. et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare workers toward COVID-19 and its prevention in Ethiopia: a multicenter study. SAGE Open Med. 2021;9:20503121211034389. doi:10.1177/20503121211034389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Yahaghai R, Alimoradi Z, Broström A, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The mediational role of trust in the healthcare system in the association between generalized trust and willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination in Iran. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2022;18(1):1–8. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1993689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang PW, Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Chen I-H, Yen C-F, Kuo Y-J, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination explained using an extended protection motivation theory among university students in China: the role of information sources. Vaccines. 2021;9(4):380. doi:10.3390/vaccines9040380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang G, Yao Y, Wang Y, Gong J, Meng Q, Wang H, Wang W, Chen X, Zhao Y. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy of older people in China. Clin Transl Med. 2023;13(9):e1397. doi:10.1002/ctm2.1397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar