An optimized caries model of Streptococcus mutans in rats and its application for evaluating prophylactic vaccines

References

• Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries. Lancet. 2007; 369(9555):51–11. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathee M, Sapra A. Dental caries. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Tungare S, Paranjpe AG. Early childhood caries. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2023, StatPearls Publishing LLC; 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Baker JL, Mark Welch JL, Kauffman KM, McLean JS, He X. The oral microbiome: diversity, biogeography and human health. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2024;22:89–104. doi:10.1038/s41579-023-00963-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen WH. Dental caries - not just holes in teeth! A perspective. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2016; 31:228–233. doi:10.1111/omi.12132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen WH, Schilling K, Giertsen E, Pearson S, Lee SF, Bleiweis A, Beeman D. Role of a cell surface-associated protein in adherence and dental caries. Infect Immun. 1991;59(12):4606–4609. doi:10.1128/iai.59.12.4606-4609.1991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen WH, Koo H. Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res. 2011;45(1):69–86. doi:10.1159/000324598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Ma Q, Wang Y, Wu H, Zou J. Molecular mechanisms of inhibiting glucosyltransferases for biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans. Int J Oral Sci. 2021;13(1):30. doi:10.1038/s41368-021-00137-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen WH, Burne RA, Wu H, Koo H. Oral biofilms: pathogens, matrix, and polymicrobial interactions in microenvironments. Trends Microbiol. 2018;26(3):229–242. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald RJ, Adams BO, Sandham HJ, Abhyankar S. Cariogenicity of a lactate dehydrogenase-deficient mutant of Streptococcus mutans serotype c in gnotobiotic rats. Infect Immun. 1989;57(3):823–826. doi:10.1128/iai.57.3.823-826.1989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu Y-B, Liu Y, Liang H, Dong X, Yang X-Y, Li S, Guo Z. A nanoparticle-based anticaries vaccine enhances the persistent immune response to inhibit Streptococcus mutans and prevent caries. Microbiol Spectr. 2023;11(2):e04328–22. doi:10.1128/spectrum.04328-22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen WH. Rodent model in caries research. Odontology. 2013;101(1):9–14. doi:10.1007/s10266-012-0091-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Sun Y, Bao R, Zhou D, Yang Y, Cao Y, Yu J, Zhao B, Li Y, Yan H, et al. Second-generation Flagellin-rPAc fusion protein, KFD2-rPAc, shows high protective efficacy against dental caries with low potential side effects. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):11191. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10247-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bao R, Yang JY, Sun Y, Zhou DH, Yang Y, Li YM, Cao Y, Xiao Y, Li W, Yu J, et al. Flagellin-PAc fusion protein inhibits progression of established caries. J Dent Res. 2015;94(7):955–960. doi:10.1177/0022034515582224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi W, Li YH, Liu F, Yang JY, Zhou DH, Chen YQ, Zhang Y, Yang Y, He BX, Han C, et al. Flagellin enhances saliva IgA response and protection of anti-caries DNA vaccine. J Dent Res. 2012;91(3):249–254. doi:10.1177/0022034511424283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Shi W, Yang JY, Zhou DH, Chen YQ, Zhang Y, Yang Y, He BX, Zhong MH, Li YM, et al. Flagellin-PAc fusion protein is a high-efficacy anti-caries mucosal vaccine. J Dent Res. 2012;91(10):941–947. doi:10.1177/0022034512457684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu D, Ma X, Ji Y, Chen R, Zhou S, Yao H, Zhang Z, Ye M, Xu Z, Du M, et al. Bioresponsive nanotherapy for preventing dental caries by inhibiting multispecies cariogenic biofilms. Bioact Mater. 2022;14:1–14. doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navia JM. Animal models in dental research. Birmingham: University of Alabama Press; 1977.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen WH, Pearson SK, VanWuyckhuyse BC, Tabak LA. Influence of milk, lactose-reduced milk, and lactose on caries in desalivated rats. Caries Res. 1991;25:283–286. doi:10.1159/000261377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalek SM, McGhee JR, Shiota T, Devenyns D. Virulence of Streptococcus mutans: cariogenicity of S. mutans in adult gnotobiotic rats. Infect Immun. 1977;15:466–471. doi:10.1128/iai.15.2.466-471.1977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu S, Ma Q, Li Y, Zou J. Molecular and regulatory mechanisms of oxidative stress adaptation in Streptococcus mutans. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2023;38(1):1–8. doi:10.1111/omi.12388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katrak C, Garcia BA, Dornelas-Figueira LM, Nguyen M, Williams RB, Lorenz MC, Abranches J. Catalase produced by Candida albicans protects Streptococcus mutans from H2O2 stress-one more piece in the cross-kingdom synergism puzzle. mSphere. 2023;8(5):e00295–23. doi:10.1128/msphere.00295-23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemos JA, Palmer SR, Zeng L, Wen ZT, Kajfasz JK, Freires IA, Abranches J, Brady LJ. The biology of Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Spectr. 2019;7(1). doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0051-2018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn SJ, Ahn SJ, Browngardt CM, Burne RA. Changes in biochemical and phenotypic properties of Streptococcus mutans during growth with aeration. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009;75(8):2517–2527. doi:10.1128/AEM.02367-08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandesompele J, De Preter K, Pattyn F, Poppe B, Van Roy N, De Paepe A, Speleman F. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol. 2002;3(7):research0034.1. doi:10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyes PH. Dental caries in the molar teeth of rats: II. A method for diagnosing and scoring several types of lesions simultaneously. J Dent Res. 1958;37(6):1088–1099. doi:10.1177/00220345580370060901.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jakubovics NS, Strömberg N, Van Dolleweerd CJ, Kelly CG, Jenkinson HF. Differential binding specificities of oral streptococcal antigen I/II family adhesins for human or bacterial ligands. Mol Microbiol. 2005;55(5):1591–1605. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04495.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banas JA, Russell RR, Ferretti JJ. Sequence analysis of the gene for the glucan-binding protein of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt. Infect Immun. 1990;58:667–673. doi:10.1128/iai.58.3.667-673.1990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Yang Y, Zhou D, Cao Y, Yu J, Zhao B, Zhong M, Li Y, Yang J, Yan H, et al. Flagellin-rPAc vaccine inhibits biofilm formation but not proliferation of S. mutans. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2016;12(11):2847–2854. doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1203496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang L, Xu Q-A, Liu C, Fan M-W, Li Y-H. Anti-caries DNA vaccine-induced secretory immunoglobulin a antibodies inhibit formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013;34:239–246. doi:10.1038/aps.2012.145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn S-J, Wen ZT, Burne RA. Effects of oxygen on virulence traits of Streptococcus mutans. J Bacteriol. 2007;189(23):8519–8527. doi:10.1128/JB.01180-07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn S-J, Burne RA. Effects of oxygen on biofilm formation and the AtlA autolysin of Streptococcus mutans. J Bacteriol. 2007;189(17):6293–6302. doi:10.1128/JB.00546-07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar