Exploring the Internationalization Potential of the Persian Gulf Pro League

References

• Anagnostopoulos, C., Byers, T., & Shilbury, D. (2014). Corporate social responsibility in professional team sport organisations: Towards a theory of decision-making. European Sport Management Quarterly, 14(3), 259–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2014.897736
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, T., & Hognestad, H. (2019). Glocal culture, sporting decline? Globalization and football in Scandinavia. Sport in Society, 22(4), 704–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2017.1389015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aninat, E. (2002). Surmounting the challenges of globalization. Finance and Development, 9(1), 4–7.
   Google Scholar
• Baena, V. (2019). Global marketing strategy in professional sports. Lessons from FC Bayern Munich, Soccer and Society, 20(4), 660–674.
   Google Scholar
• Bodet, G., & Chanavat, N. (2010). Building global football brand equity: Lessons from the Chinese market. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 22(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/13555851011013155
   Google Scholar
• Boeh, K., & Beamish, P. (2012). Travel time and the liability of distance in foreign direct investment: Location choice and entry mode. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(5), 525–535. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2012.10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryman, A. (2008). Social research methods. Oxford University.
   Google Scholar
• Cateora, P., Gilly, M., & Graham, J. (2010). International marketing. Homewood.
   Google Scholar
• Cavusgil, S. (1987). Qualitative insights into company experiences in international marketing research. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 2(3), 41–54.
   Google Scholar
• Cavusgil, S., Knight, G., & Riesenberger, J. (2012). International business: The new realities. Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick, S. (2022). From utilitarianism and neoclassical sport management to a new geopolitical economy of sport. European Sport Management Quarterly, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2022.2032251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chanavat, N. (2017). French football, foreign investors: Global sports as country branding. Journal of Business Strategy, 38(6), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-04-2017-0053
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, J., Blankson, C., Wu, P., & Chen, S. (2005). A stage model of international brand development: The perspectives of manufacturers from two newly industrialized economies - South Korea and Taiwan. Industrial Marketing Management, 34(5), 504–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2004.09.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiba, N. (2015). The glocalization and management of professional basketball leagues: The Euroleague, National Basketball League of Australia and bj-league of Japan. Asia Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science, 4(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/21640599.2015.1077576
   Google Scholar
• Connell, J. (2018). Globalisation, soft power, and the rise of football in China. Geographical Research, 56(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12249
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2012). How the analysis of developing country multinational companies helps advance theory: Solving the goldilocks debate. Global Strategy Journal, 2(3), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-5805.2012.01039.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Luo, Y., Ramamurti, R., & Ang, S. H. (2018). The impact of the home country on internationalization. Journal of World Business, 53(5), 593–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Maloney, M., & Manrakhan, S. (2007). Causes of the difficulties in internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(5), 709–725. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400295
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Narula, R., & Un, C. (2015). Internationalization motives: Sell more, buy better, upgrade and escape. The Multinational Business Review, 23(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-02-2015-0009
   Google Scholar
• Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Newburry, W., & Park, S. (2016). Emerging market multinationals: Managing operational challenges for sustained international growth. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Gaur, A., & Singh, D. (2019). Pro-market institutions and global strategy: The pendulum of pro-market reforms and reversals. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(4), 598–632. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00221-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dau, L. A., Moore, E. M., & Kostova, T. (2020). The impact of market based institutional reforms on firm strategy and performance: Review and extension. Journal of World Business, 5(4), 1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Denis, D. J., Denis, D. K., & Yost, K. (2002). Global diversification, industrial diversification, and firm value. Journal of Finance, 57(5), 1951–1979. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desbordes, M. (2007). Introduction: New directions for marketing in football. In M. Desbordes (Ed.), Marketing and football: An international perspective (pp. 1–16). Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Dunning, J. (1981). International production and the multinational enterprise. Allen and Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Dyreson, M. (2017). The super bowl as a television spectacle: Global designs, glocal niches, and parochial patterns. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 34(1–2), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1349115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzikus, L. (2017). Amerika: The super bowl and German imagination. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 34(1–2), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1336159
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elango, B., & Sethi, S. (2007). An exploration of the relationship between country of origin (COE) and the internationalization-performance paradigm. Management International Review, 47(3), 369–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-007-0021-5
   Google Scholar
• Fleischmann, A., & Fleischmann, M. (2019). International orientation of professional football beyond. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 9(1), 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-10-2017-0065
   Google Scholar
• Gaston-Breton, C., & Martín, O. (2011). International market selection and segmentation: A two-stage model. International Marketing Review, 28(3), 267–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghemawat, P. (2001). Distance still matters. The hard reality of global expansion. Harvard Business Review, 79(8), 137–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giulianotti, R. (2019). Football events, memories and globalization. Soccer & Society, 20(7–8), 903–911. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2019.1680490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Gwet, K. (2014). Handbook of interrater reliability: The definitive guide to measuring the extent of agreement among raters. Advanced Analytics.
   Google Scholar
• Han, Q., Theeboom, M., & Zhu, D. (2021). Chinese martial arts and the Olympics: Analysing the policy of the International Wushu Federation. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 56(5), 603–624. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690220957177
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper, A., Georgakis, S., & Nauright, J. (2021). Understanding Australian soccer: From origins, to ethnic tensions to globalization. Sport in Society, 24(5), 773–793. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2021.1897234
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastings, D. (2014). Behind the mask: Embrace risk and dare to be better. Xlibris.
   Google Scholar
• He, W., Boateng, A., & Ring, P. (2019). Motives, choice of entry mode, and challenges of bank internationalization: Evidence from China. Thunderbird International Business Review, 61(6), 897–909. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiß, G. (2017). SME internationalization: Investigating antecedents and the effect of organizational capabilities on strategy in the German MedTech industry. Advances in Economics and Business, 5(4), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2017.050401
   Google Scholar
• Hill, J., & Vincent, J. (2006). Globalisation and sports branding: The case of Manchester United. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 7(3), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-07-03-2006-B008
   Google Scholar
• Hinson, R., Osabutey, E., Kosiba, J., & Asiedu, F. (2020). Internationalisation and branding strategy: A case of the English premier league’s success in an emerging market. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 23(4), 747–766. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-12-2017-0188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2007). Strategic management: Globalization and competitiveness. Thomson South-Western.
   Google Scholar
• Hutzschenreuter, T., Matt, T., & Kleindienst, I. (2020). Going subnational: A literature review and research agenda. Journal of World Business, 55(4), 101076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2020.101076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain, N. K., Celo, S., & Kumar, V. (2019). Internationalization speed, resources and performance: Evidence from Indian software industry. Journal of Business Research, 95, 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.09.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellison, T. B., & Hong, S. (2015). The adoption and diffusion of pro-environmental stadium design. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(2), 249–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2014.995690
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, A., & Gladden, J. (2008). Extending the understanding of professional team brand equity to the global marketplace. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 3(1/2), 58–77. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2008.015961
   Google Scholar
• Khodadadi, M., Dickson, G., Shomali, A., & Sarlab, R. (2020). Determining foreign market potential: A comparison of screening and numerical taxonomy approaches. International Journal of Business Excellence, 22(3), 418–429. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2020.110960
   Google Scholar
• Leonidou, L., Katsikeas, C., & Coudounaris, D. (2010). Five decades of business research into exporting: A bibliographic analysis. Journal of International Management, 16(1), 78–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2009.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, B., Dittmore, S. W., & Scott, O. K. M. (2017). Points of attachment on social media: Exploring similarities and differences between chinese and western national basketball association fans. Asia Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science, 6(3), 201–215. doi:10.1080/21640599.2017.1304503
   Google Scholar
• Ludvigsen, J. (2020). The premier league-globalization nexus: Notes on current trends, pressing issues and inter-linked “-ization” processes. Managing Sport and Leisure, 25(1–2), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2019.1657784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maderer, D., & Holtbrugge, D. (2019). International activities of football clubs, fan attitudes, and brand loyalty. Journal of Brand Management, 26(4), 410–425. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-018-0136-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin, B., & Lee, C. (2020). Exploring new trends of sport business: Japanese companies’ investment in ownership of foreign football clubs. Sport in Society, 23(12), 2031–2054. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2020.1817897
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCallin, A. M. (2003). Designing a grounded theory study: Some practicalities. Nursing in Critical Care, 8(5), 203–208. doi:10.1046/j.1362-1017.2003.00033.x
   Google Scholar
• Miller, S., Thomas, D., Eden, L., & Hitt, M. (2008). Knee deep in the big muddy: The survival of emerging market firms in developed markets. Management International Review, 48(6), 645–666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-008-0101-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, N. A., Kaleka, A., & Katsikeas, C. S. (2004). Antecedents of export venture performance: A theoretical model and empirical assessment. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 90–108. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.1.90.24028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulder, A., & Westerhuis, G. (2015). The determinants of bank internationalisation in times of financial globalisation: Evidence from the world’s largest banks, 1980-2007. Business History, 57(1), 122–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2014.977874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, R., Caulier-Grice, J. & Mulgan, G. (2010). The Open Book of Social Innovation. London: Young Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Oey, E., Noviyanti, N. A., & Lim, S. (2018). Evaluating international market selection with multi-criteria decision making tools – A case study of a metal company in Indonesia. International Journal of Business Excellence, 16(3), 341–361. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2018.095645
   Google Scholar
• Ozturk, A., Joiner, E., & Cavusgil, S. (2015). Delineating foreign market potential: A tool for international market selection. Thunderbird International Business Review, 57(2), 119–141. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pattnaik, C., Singh, D., & Gaur, A. (2021). Home country learning and international expansion of emerging market multinationals. Journal of International Management, 27(3), 100781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul, J., & Mas, E. (2020). Toward a 7-P framework for international marketing. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 28(8), 681–701. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2019.1569111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillmayer, M., & Scherle, N. (2014). The tourism industry and the process of internationalization in the Middle East: The example of Jordan. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(4), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1964
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao-Nicholson, R., & Khan, Z. (2017). Standardization versus adaptation of global marketing strategies in emerging market cross-norder acquisitions. International Marketing Review, 34(1), 138–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-12-2015-0292
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezaei, H., Mosavi, A., Yousefi, A., Larijani, B., Rezaei, N., Dehnavieh, R., & Adibi, P. (2020). Strengths of Iran for internationalization of medical sciences education. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9, 92. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_488_19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richelieu, A. (2016). Sport teams’ brands going international: The ‘Integrated Marketing Strategy on the Internationalisation in Sport (IMSIS). Journal of Brand Strategy, 5(2), 218–231.
   Google Scholar
• Richelieu, A., & Desbordes, M. (2009). Football teams going international - The strategic leverage of branding. Journal of Sponsorship, 3(1), 10–22.
   Google Scholar
• Rookwood, J., & Chan, N. (2011). The 39th game: Fan responses to the premier league’s proposal to globalize the English game. Soccer & Society, 12(6), 897–913. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2011.609688
   Google Scholar
• Rugman, A., & Verbeke, A. (2009). Location, competitiveness and the multinational enterprise. In A. Rugman (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of international business (pp. 146–180). Oxford University.
   Google Scholar
• Samiee, S., & Chirapanda, S. (2019). International marketing strategy in emerging-market exporting firms. Journal of International Marketing, 27(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X18812731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scalera, V., Mukherjee, D., & Piscitello, L. (2020). Ownership strategies in knowledge-intensive cross-border acquisitions: Comparing Chinese and Indian MNEs. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 37(1), 155–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9616-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotiriadou, K., & Shilbury, D. (2010). Using grounded theory in sport management research. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 8(3/4), 181–202. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2010.037503
   Google Scholar
• Sousa, C., & Bradley, F. (2008). Cultural distance and psychic distance: Refinements in conceptualisation and measurement. Journal of Marketing Management, 24(5–6), 467–488. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725708X325959
   Google Scholar
• Tan, A., Brewer, P., & Liesch, P. (2007). Before the first export decision: Internationalisation readiness in the pre-export phase. International Business Review, 16(3), 294–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2007.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, D. (2006). International diversification and firm performance in Mexican firms: A curvilinear relationship? Journal of Business Research, 59(4), 501–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.08.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, D., Eden, L., Hitt, M., & Miller, S. (2007). Experience of emerging market firms: The role of cognitive bias in developed market entry and survival. Management International Review, 47(6), 845–867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-007-0055-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treviño, L., & Doh, J. (2020). Internationalization of the firm: A discourse-based view. Journal of International Business Studies, 52, 1375–1393. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00344-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vahlne, J. E., & Johanson, J. (2017). From internationalization to evolution: The Uppsala model at 40 years. Journal of International Business Studies, 48(9), 1087–1102. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0107-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Bussell, M., & Doherty, A. (2015). An examination of the conflict process in nonprofit community sport boards. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(2), 176–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2015.1019534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velez-Ocampo, J., & Gonzalez-Perez, M. (2019). Analyzing foreign expansion and corporate reputation: Review and future research agenda. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 26(4), 586–608. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-06-2019-0110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbeke, A., & Yuan, W. (2007). Entrepreneurship in multinational enterprises: A Penrosean perspective. Management International Review, 47(2), 241–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-007-0014-4
   Google Scholar
• Wetzel, H. A., Hattula, S., Hammerschmidt, M., & van Heerde, H. J. (2018). Building and leveraging sports brands: Evidence from 50 years of German professional soccer. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 46(4), 591–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-018-0580-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, L., Wang, J., Chen, X., Lei, C., Meng, X., & Zhang, J. (2017). The development of NBA in China: A Glocalization perspective. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 18(1), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-05-2016-0013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar