115
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Some like it HOT: The racialization of mobility, the racial tax state, and silence in managed lane conversions

References

  • Blumenberg, E., & Smart, M. (2010). Getting by with a little help from my friends … and family: Immigrants and carpooling. Transportation, 37(3), 429–446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-010-9262-4
  • Blumenberg, E., & Smart, M. (2014). Brother can you spare a ride? Carpooling in immigrant neighborhoods. Urban Studies, 51(9), 1871–1890. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013502825
  • Bohon, S. A., Stamps, K., & Atiles, J. H. (2008). Transportation and migrant adjustment in Georgia. Population Research and Policy Review, 27(3), 273–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-008-9075-8
  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (1997). Rethinking racism: Toward a structural interpretation. American Sociological Review, 62(3), 465–480. http://doi.org/10.2307/2657316
  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2018). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in America (5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. (2020). A compendium of existing HOV lane facilities in the United States ( Compendium to A Review of HOV Lane Performance and Policy Options in the United States. A final report prepared for the HOV Pooled-Fund Study and the Federal Highway Administration). U.S. Department of Transportation.
  • Brand, A. L., Lowe, K., & Hall, E. (2020). Colorblind transit planning: Modern streetcars in Washington, DC, and New Orleans. Journal of Race, Ethnicity and the City, 1(1–2), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1818536
  • Burnham, A., Gohlke, D., Rush, L., Stephens, T., Zhou, Y., Delucchi, M. A., Birky, A., Hunter, C., Lin, Z., Ou, S., Xie, F., Proctor, C., Wiryadinata, S., Liu, N., & Boloor, M. (2021). Comprehensive total cost of ownership quantification for vehicles with different size classes and powertrains (Report no. ANL/ESD-21/4). Argonne National Laboratory.
  • Burris, M., Alemazkoor, N., Benz, R., & Wood, N. S. (2014). The impact of HOT lanes on carpools. Research in Transportation Economics, 44, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2014.04.004
  • Cline, M. E., Sparks, C., & Eschbach, K. (2009). Understanding carpool use by Hispanics in Texas. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2118(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.3141/2118-06
  • Cohron, M. (2015). The continuing digital divide in the United States. The Serials Librarian, 69(1), 77–86. http://doi.org/10.1080/0361526X.2015.1036195
  • Connerly, C. E. (2002). From racial zoning to community empowerment: The interstate highway system and the African American community in Birmingham, Alabama. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 22(2), 99–114. http://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X02238441
  • Cortright, J. (2015, December 16). Reducing congestion: Katy didn’t. City Observatory. https://cityobservatory.org/reducing-congestion-katy-didnt/
  • DiBartholomeo, J. A. (2020). Commuting speed as a proxy for the value of time. Economics Letters, 193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109342
  • Dilmaghani, M. (2022). Ethnoracial disparities in commute duration and mode among Canadian-born millennials. Travel Behaviour and Society, 29, 266–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.07.007
  • Duffy, L. N., Pinckney, H. P., Benjamin, S., & Mowatt, R. (2019). A critical discourse analysis of racial violence in South Carolina, U.S.A.: Implications for traveling while Black. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(19), 2430–2446. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1494143
  • Eisele, W. L., Wilner, H. T., Bolin, M. J., Stockton, W. R., Burris, M. W., Goodin, G. D., Collier, T., Winn, J., Xu, L., & Hoelscher, M. (2006). Evaluating criteria for adapting HOV lanes to HOT lanes: Development and application of HOT Start software tool (Report No. FHWA/TX-06/4898-1). Texas Transportation Institute.
  • Feigenbaum, B. (2015, December 4). Carpool lanes aren’t working as they were intended. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/commentary/carpool-lanes-arent-working-as-they/
  • Feigenbaum, B., & Smet, P. (2019, July 11). States should consider converting carpool lanes into toll lanes. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/commentary/states-should-consider-converting-carpool-lanes-into-toll-lanes/
  • Feigenbaum, B., & Stuart, A. (2019, January 10). Frequently asked questions about managed lanes. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/faq/frequently-asked-questions-about-managed-lanes/
  • Fielding, G. J., & Klein, D. B. (1993, November 1). High occupancy toll lanes: Phasing in congestion pricing a lane at a time. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/policy-study/high-occupancy-toll-lanes/
  • Fischer, L. A. (2022). “Tax discrimination district”: The intersection of race and transit value capture. Journal of the American Planning Association, 88(3), 352–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2021.1987968
  • Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality ( R. Hurley, Trans.; Vol. 1). Pantheon.
  • Ge, Y., Knittel, C. R., MacKenzie, D., & Zoepf, S. (2020). Racial discrimination in transportation network companies. Journal of Public Economics, 190, n.p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104205
  • Gilroy, L., & Pelletier, A. (2007, March 1). HOT lanes: Frequently asked questions. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/policy-brief/hot-lanes-frequently-asked-que/
  • Gioielli, R. (2011). “We must destroy you to save you”: Highway construction and the city as a modern commons. Radical History Review, 109(109), 62–82. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2010-015
  • Glasgow, J. (2008). A theory of race. Routledge.
  • Goetz, E. G., Williams, R. A., & Damiano, A. (2020). Whiteness and urban planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 86(2), 142–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2019.1693907
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor Books.
  • Golub, A., Marcantonio, R. A., & Sanchez, T. W. (2013). Race, space, and struggles for mobility: Transportation impacts on African Americans in Oakland and the East Bay. Urban Geography, 34(5), 699–727. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2013.778598
  • Guensler, R., Elango, V., Guin, A., Hunter, M., Laval, J., Araque, S., Colberg, K., Castrillon, F., D’Ambrosio, K., Duarte, D., Khoeini, S., Peesapati, L., Sheikh, A., Smith, K., Toth, C., & Zinner, S. (2013). Atlanta, Georgia, I-85 high occupancy vehicle to high occupancy toll conversion: Analysis of vehicle and person throuput (Report No. FHWA-GA13-10-03). Georgia Department of Transportation.
  • Guensler, R., Ko, J., Kim, D., Khoeini, S., Sheikh, A., & Xu, Y. (2020). Factors affecting Atlanta commuters’ high occupancy toll lane and carpool choices. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 14(12), 932–943. http://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2019.1663961
  • Guensler, R., Xu, Y., Sheikh, A., Li, H., & Khoeini, S. (2015). Atlanta I-85 HOT lane carpool survey: Initial findings [ Paper presentation]. SE UTC Conference. https://www.ncitec.msstate.edu/wp-content/uploads/TS-S5-P2.pdf
  • Hall, J. D. (2018). Pareto improvements from Lexus lanes: The effects of pricing a portion of the lanes on congested highways. Journal of Public Economics, 158, 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.01.003
  • Henderson, J. (2013). Street fight: The politics of mobility in San Francisco. University of Massachusetts Press.
  • Henricks, K. (2021). Power to the paperwork? Mandatory financial sanctions and the bureaucratic means to racially unequal ends. American Behavioral Scientist, 65(8), 1104–1126. http://doi.org/10.1177/0002764219859620
  • Henricks, K., & Embrick, D. G. (2017). State looteries: Historical continuity, rearticulations of racism, and American taxation. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315869803
  • Henricks, K., & Seamster, L. (2017). Mechanisms of the racial tax state. Critical Sociology, 43(2), 169–179. http://doi.org/10.1177/0896920516670463
  • Joyce, N. R., Pfeiffer, M. R., Zullo, A. R., & Ahluwalia, J. (2020). Individual and geographic variation in driver’s license suspensions: Evidence of disparities by race, ethnicity and income. Journal of Transport & Health, 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100933
  • Kaiser, J., Mouat, A. P., Zeng, L., Russell, A. G., Dong, Y., Nowak, N., & Spinei, E. (2020). Changing spatial distribution of NO2 in Atlanta during the COVID-19 pandemic. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2020, pp. A132–05).
  • Karas, D. (2015). Highway to inequity: The disparate impact of the interstate highway system on poor and minority communities in American cities. New Visions for Public Affairs, 7, 9–21.
  • Karner, A., & Duckworth, R. (2019). ‘Pray for transit’: Seeking transportation justice in metropolitan Atlanta. Urban Studies, 56(9), 1882–1900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018779756
  • Khoeini, S., & Guensler, R. (2014a). Socioeconomic assessment: Conversion of I-85 high-occupancy vehicle to high-occupancy toll in Atlanta, Georgia. Transportation Research Record, 2540(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.3141/2450-07
  • Khoeini, S., & Guensler, R. (2014b). Using vehicle value as a proxy for income: A case study on Atlanta’s I-85 HOT lane. Research in Transportation Economics, 44, 3–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2014.04.003
  • Konishi, H., & Mun, S. (2010). Carpooling and congestion pricing: HOV and HOT lanes. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 40(4), 173–186. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2010.03.009
  • Lam, T. C., & Small, K. A. (2001). The value of time and reliability: Measurement from a value pricing experiment. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics & Transportation Review, 37(2–3), 231–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1366-5545(00)00016-8
  • Li, J. (2001). Explaining high-occupancy toll-lane use. Transportation Research Part D, 6(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(00)00013-4
  • Li, J., Embry, P., Mattingly, S. P., Sadabadi, K. F., Rasmidatta, I., & Burris, M. W. (2007). Who chooses to carpool and why? Examination of Texas carpoolers. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2021(1), 110–117. https://doi.org/10.3141/2021-13
  • Lins, B. (2015). Whose turn is it to drive today? Math Horizons, 23(2), 16–19. https://doi.org/10.4169/mathhorizons.23.2.16
  • Lorenzen, J. A. (2012). Going green: The process of lifestyle change. Sociological Forum, 27(1), 94–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2011.01303.x
  • Loseke, D. R. (2007). Thinking about social problems: An introduction to constructionist perspectives (2nd ed.). Transaction.
  • McKenzie, B. (2015). Who drives to work?: Commuting by automobile in the United States: 2013 (Report no. ACS-32). U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau.
  • McLafferty, S., & Preston, V. (2019). Who has long commutes to low-wage jobs? Gender, race, and access to work in the New York region. Urban Geography, 40(9), 1270–1290. http://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2019.1577091
  • Mele, C. (2013). Neoliberalism, race and the redefining of urban development. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(2), 598–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2012.01144.x
  • Mills, C. W. (2007). White ignorance. In S. Sullivan & N. Tuana (Eds.), Race and epistemologies of ignorance (pp. 13–38). State University of New York Press.
  • Mohall, M. (2022). Transportation justice and the limits to the right to mobility in Clayton County’s transit struggles. Urban Matters, 1(4). https://urbanmattersjournal.com/transportation-justice-and-the-limits-to-the-right-to-mobility-in-clayton-countys-transit-struggles/
  • Olsson, L. E., Maier, R., & Friman, M. (2019). Why do they ride with others? Meta-analysis of factors influencing travelers to carpool. Sustainability, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082414
  • Park, J. (2019, December 10). OCTA considers changing 5 Orange County freeways from carpool lanes to tolled lanes. The Orange County Register. https://www.ocregister.com/2019/12/10/toll-lanes-on-the-5-in-orange-county-it-could-happen-in-a-decade/
  • Park, L. S. H., & Pellow, D. (2011). The slums of Aspen: Immigrants vs. the environment in America’s Eden. NYU Press.
  • Patterson, T., & Levinson, D. M. (2008). Lexus lanes or Corolla lanes? Spatial use and equity patterns on the I-394 MnPASS lanes (Nexus Working Paper 000051). University of Minnesota. https://hdl.handle.net/11299/179829
  • Perez, B., & Sciara, G. C. (2003). A guide for HOT lane development ( FHWA-OP-03-009). Federal Highway Administration.
  • Pesses, M. W. (2017). Road less traveled: Race and American automobility. Mobilities, 12(5), 677–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2016.1240319
  • Pollock, M. (2004). Colormute: Race talk dilemmas in an American school. Princeton University.
  • Poole, R. (2004, March 15). Better than HOT lanes? HOT lanes better than ramp metering. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/commentary/better-than-hot-lanes/
  • Poole, R. (2021, March 11). Defending the equity implications of priced managed lanes. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/commentary/defending-the-equity-implications-of-priced-managed-lanes/
  • Poole, R. (2023, January 6). Examining recent attempts to apply equity policies to toll lanes. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/commentary/examining-recent-attempts-to-apply-equity-policies-to-toll-lanes/
  • Poole, R., & Gilroy, L. (2007, February 8). Fast tracking to HOT lanes. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/commentary/fast-tracking-to-hot-lanes/
  • Poole, R., & Orski, C. K. (1999, April 1). Building a case for HOT lanes: A new approach to reducing urban highway congestion. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/policy-study/building-a-case-for-hot-lanes/
  • Posey, K. (2016, September 27). The mythology of HOT lanes. StreetsBlog USA. https://usa.streetsblog.org/2016/09/27/the-mythology-of-hot-lanes/
  • Presser, L. (2022). Unsaid: Analyzing harmful silences. University of California Press.
  • Pulido, L. (2000). Rethinking environmental racism: White privilege and urban development in southern California. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(1), 12–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00182
  • Purifoye, G. Y. (2015). Nice–nastiness and other raced social interactions on public transport systems. City & Community, 14(3), 286–310. http://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12116
  • Reason Foundation. (2022). About Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/about-reason-foundation/
  • Saito, L. T. (2009). The politics of exclusion: The failure of race-neutral policies in urban America. Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503627208
  • Schwanen, T., Martin Dijst, M., & Dieleman, F. M. (2002). A microlevel analysis of residential context and travel time. Environment and Planning A, 34(8), 1487–1507. http://doi.org/10.1068/a34159
  • Seiler, C. (2009). Mobilizing race, racializing mobility: Writing race into mobility studies. In G. Mom, G. Pirie, & L. Tissot (Eds.), Mobility in history: The state of the art in the history of transport, traffic, and mobility (pp. 229–233). Editions Alphil, Presses Universitaires Suisses.
  • Shewmake, S. (2012). Can carpooling clear the road and clean the air? Evidence from the literature on the impact of HOV lanes on VMT and air pollution. Journal of Planning Literature, 27(4), 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412212451028
  • Solis, M. (2020). Racial equity in planning organizations. Journal of the American Planning Association, 86(3), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2020.1742189
  • Staley, S. (2009, September 21). HOT lanes show diverse benefits. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/commentary/hot-lanes-show-diverse-benefit/
  • State Road and Tollway Authority. (n.d.). I-85 express lanes. Peach Pass. Retrieved May 3, 2022, from https://www.peachpass.com/where-can-i-use-peach-pass/i-85-express-lanes/
  • Stewart, J. B. (2012, June 13). How broccoli landed on Supreme Court menu. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/14/business/how-broccoli-became-a-symbol-in-the-health-care-debate.html
  • Taylor, B. D., & Morris, E. A. (2014). Public transportation objectives and rider demographics: Are transit’s priorities poor public policy? Transportation, 42(2), 347–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-014-9547-0
  • Tilly, C. (1999). Durable inequality. University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520924222
  • TN Department of Transportation. (n.d.). Comprehensive analysis on the conversion of the existing HOV lanes into HOT lanes in Tennessee. TN Department of Transportation Research Office. https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/tdot/long-range-planning/research/researchsummary/RES2021-01%20Comprehensive%20Analysis%20on%20the%20Conversion%20of%20Existing%20HOV%20Lanes%20to%20HOT%20Lanes%20in%20TN.pdf
  • U.S. Department of Transportation. (2007a). Considerations for high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane to high occupancy toll (HOT) lane conversions guidebook. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08034/index.htm
  • U.S. Department of Transportation. (2007b). Considerations for high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane to high occupancy toll (HOT) lane conversions primer. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16629/dot_16629_DS1.pdf?
  • Vieira, M. B. (2020). Representing silence in politics. American Political Science Review, 114(4), 976–988. http://doi.org/10.1017/S000305542000043X
  • Ward, B. G. (2009). Disaggregating race and ethnicity: Toward a better understanding of the social impacts of transport decisions. Public Works Management & Policy, 13(4), 354–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X09334495
  • Ware, L. (2021). Plessy’s legacy: The government’s role in the development and perpetuation of segregated neighborhoods. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 7(1), 92–109. https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2021.7.1.06
  • Weingroff, R. (2017, September. 8). Why does the interstate system include toll facilities? Highway History– U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/tollroad.cfm
  • Weinstein, A., & Sciara, G. (2006). Unraveling equity in HOT lane planning: A view from practice. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26(2), 174–184. http://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X06288093
  • Wellander, C., & Leotta, K. (2000). Are high-occupancy vehicle lanes effective? Overview of high-occupancy vehicle facilities across North America. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1711(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.3141/1711-04
  • Westneat, D. (2015, December 18). Why travel free with others when a solo commute is only 10 bucks? The Seattle Times. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/why-travel-free-with-others-when-a-solo-commute-is-only-10-bucks/
  • Ybarra, S. (2008, December 23). HOT lanes will bring congestion relief to northern Virginia. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/commentary/hot-lanes-will-bring-congestio/
  • Ybarra, S. (2009, August 24). Seattle’s toll lanes aren’t Lexus lanes. Reason Foundation. https://reason.org/commentary/seattles-toll-lanes-arent-lexu/
  • Yunus, E., Susilo, D., Riyadi, S., Indrasari, M., & Putranto, T. D. (2019). The effectiveness marketing strategy for ride-sharing transportation: Intersecting social media, technology, and innovation. Entrepreneurship & Sustainability Issues, 7(2), 1424–1434. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.7.2(44)
  • Zerubavel, E. (2006). The elephant in the room: Silence and denial in everyday life. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187175.001.0001

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.