234
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellaneous

Levofloxacin

Pages 109-119 | Published online: 24 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • HAYKAWA I, ATARASHI A, YOKAHAMA S eta].: Synthesis and antibacterial activities of optically active ofloxacin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1986) 29:163–164.
  • ISAACSON DM, FERNANDEZ JA, FROSCO M et al.: Levofloxacin: a review of its antibacterial activity. Recent Res. Dev. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1996) 1 :391–439.
  • •A thorough review.
  • UNE T, FUJIMOTO T, SATO K et al: In vitro activity of DR-3355, and optically active ofloxacin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1988) 32:1336–1340.
  • ENG RHK, SMITH SS, FAN-HAVARD P et al: Effect of antibiotics on endotoxin release from Gram-negative bacteria. Diagn. Microbic]. Infect. Dis. (1993) 16:185–189.
  • VISALLI MA, JACOBS MR, APPELBAUM PC: Susceptibility of twenty penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, and clarithromycin by MIC and time-kill. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (1997) 28:131–137.
  • •Important comparison of the activity of various antibiotics on penicillin-resistant pneumococci.
  • GEORGE J, MORRISSEY I: The bactericidal activity of levofloxacin compared with ofloxacin, o-ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and cefotaxime against Streptococcus pneumonia.' Antimicrob. Chemother. (1997) 39:719–723.
  • LAFREDO SC, FOLENO BD, FU KP: Induction of resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to quinolones in vitro. Chemotherapy (1993) 39:36–39.
  • THORNSBERRY C, OGILVE P, KAHN J et al: Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumo-niae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States in 1996-1997 respira-tory season. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (1997) 29:249–257.
  • CHEN DK, MCGEER A, DE AZEVADO JC et al: Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoro-quinolones in Canada. New Eng]. J. Med. (1999) 341:233–239.
  • ••Very important observation of increased frequencies offluoroquinolone resistance in pneumococci.
  • LEVIN CS, MORRISEY I, SMITH JT: The fluoroquinolones exert a reduced rate of kill against Enterococcus faecalis. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (1991) 43:492–494.
  • YAMAIJ E, AKIEDA Y, WATANABE T et al: In vitro antibacterial activity of levofloxacin against MRSA. Drugs (1993) 45 (Suppl. 3):210.
  • MICHELET C, AVRIL JL, ARVIEUX et al.: Comparativeactivities of new fluoroquinolones, alone or in combination with amoxicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or rifampicin, against intracellular Exp. Opin. Pharmacother. (1999) 1(1)
  • VISALLI M, BAJAKSOUZIAN S, JACOBS R et al: Compara-tive activity of trovafloxacin, alone or in combination with other agents, against Gram-negative nonfermen-tative rods. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41:1475–1481.
  • FREAN JA, ARNTZEN L, CAPPER T et al: In vitro activitiesof 14 antibiotics against 100 human isolates of Yersinia pestis from a Southern Africa plague focus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1996) 40:2646–2647.
  • HOPPE JE, RAHIMI-GALOUGAHI E, SEIBERT G: In vitrosusceptibilities of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis to four fluoroquinolones (levofloxa-cin, d-ofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin), cefpirome, and meropenem. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1996) 40:807–808.
  • MOR N, VANDERVOLK J, HEIFERTS L: Inhibitory andbactericidal activities of levofloxacin against Mycobac-terium tuberculosis in vitro and in human macrophages. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1994) 38:1161–1164.
  • RASTOGI N, GOH KS, BRYSKIER A et al.: Spectrum ofactivity of levofloxacin against nontuberculous mycobacteria and its activity against the Mycobacte-rium avium complex in combination with ethambutol, rifampin, roxithromycin, amikacin and clofazimine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1996) 40:2483–2487.
  • •Thorough evaluation of the efficacy of levofloxacin and combinations of levofloxacin and antimycobacterial drugs against non-tuberculous mycobacteria.
  • GOLDSTEIN EJC, CITRON DM, HUDSPETH M et al: Trovafloxacin compared with levofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and clarithromycin against unusual aerobic and anaerobic human and animal bite-wound pathogens. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1998) 41:391–396.
  • MADINGER NE, MCGREGOR JA, MCKINNEY PJ et al: Comparative antibiotic susceptibilities of anaerobes associated with infections of the female reproductive tract. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1993) 16\(Suppl. 4):S49–52.
  • HAMMERSCHLAG M: Antimicrobial susceptibility and therapy of infections caused by Chlamydia pneumo-niae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1994) 38:1873–1878.
  • •Systematic study of the activity of antibiotics against Chlamydia trachomatis.
  • SCHÜLIN T, WENNERSTEN CB, FERRARO MJ et al.: Suscep-tibilities of Legion ella spp. to newer antimicrobials in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42:1520–1523.
  • ENTENZA JM, VOUILLAMOZ J, GLAUSER MP et al.: Levofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin, flucloxacillin, or vancomycin for treatment of experimental endocar-ditis due to methicillin-susceptible or -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41:1662–1667.
  • •Important study demonstrating in vivo efficacy of fluoroqui-nolones in endocarditis.
  • NAU R, SCHMIDT T, KAYE K et al: Quinolone antibiotics in experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1995) 39:593–597.
  • •Important study verifying efficacy of fluoroquinolones in experimental meningitis.
  • KLEMENS SP, SHARPE CA, ROGGE MC et al: Activity oflevofloxacin in a murine model of tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1994) 38:1476–1479.
  • TANAKA M, UNE T, OSADA Y: Sub-inhibitory and post-antibiotic effects of an optically active isomer of ofloxacin. Drug Res. (1989) 39:750–754.
  • HOUSTON AK, JONES RN: Postantibiotic effect ofDU-6859a and levofloxacin as compared with ofloxacin. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (1994) 18:57–59
  • SPANGLER SK, LIN G, JACOBS MR et al.: Postantibioticeffect and postantibiotic sub-MIC effect of levofloxacin compared to those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin against 20 pneumococci. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42:1253–1255.
  • ANDES DR, CRAIG WA: Pharmacodynamics of fluoro-quinolones in experimental models of endocarditis. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1998) 27:47–50.
  • ••Very important evaluation of the optimal dosage offluoroquinolones.
  • PRESTON SL, DRUSANO GL, BERMAN CL et al: Pharmaco- dynamics of levofloxacin. A new paradigm for early clinical trials. JAMA (1998) 279:125–129.
  • •Intriguing suggestions for new modes of drug evaluation. FISH DN, CHOW AT: The clinical pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (1997) 32:101-119. Thorough review. GOODWIN SD, GALLIS HA, CHOW AT etal.: Pharmacoki-netics and safety of levofloxacin in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infections. Antimi-crob. Agents Chemother. (1994) 38:799–804.
  • FISH DN, CHOW AT: The clinical pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (1997) 32:101–119.
  • •Thorough review.
  • Listeria monocytogenes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41:60–65.
  • CHILD J, MORTIBOY D, ANDREWS JM: Open-label crossover study to determine pharmacokinetics and penetration of two dose regimens of levofloxacin into inflammatory fluid. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1995) 39:2749–2751.
  • ANDREWS JM, HONEYBOURNE D, JEVONS G et al.: Concentrations of levofloxacin (HR 355) in the respiratory tract following a single oral dose in patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1997) 40:573–577.
  • FILE TM JR, SEGRETI J, DUNBAR L et al.: A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftri-axone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41:1965–1972.
  • •Large study of the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin in community acquired pneumonia. Exp. Opin. Pharmacother. (1999) 1(1) © Ashley Publications Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • NORRBY SR, PETERMANN W, WILLCOX PA et al: A comparative study of levofloxacin and ceftriaxone in the treatment of hospitalized patients with pneumonia. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. (1998) 30:397–404.
  • •Large study of the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin in patients with severe pneumonia, which in most patients was community acquired.
  • HABIB MP, GENTRY LO, RODRIGUEZ-GOMES G et al:Multicenter, randomized study comparing efficacy and safety of oral levofloxacin and cefaclor in treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Infect. Dis. Gun. Pract. (1998) 7:191–109.
  • YEW WW, AU KF, LEE J et al.: Levofloxacin in thetreatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. (1997) 1:89.
  • KLIMBERG IW, COX CE, FOWLER CL et al.: A controlledtrial of levofloxacin and lomefloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection. Urology (1998) 51:610–615.
  • RICHARD GA, KLIMBERG IN, FOWLER CL et al.:Levofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin versus lomefloxa-cin in acute pyelonephritis. Urology (1998) 52:51–55.
  • NICHOLS RL, SMITH JT, GENTRY LO et al.: Multicenter,randomized study comparing levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin for uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections. Southern Med. J. (1 9 9 7) 90:1193-1200.
  • DAVIS R, BRYSON HM: Levofloxacin. A review of itsantibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs (1994) 47:677–700.
  • WAGAI N, YAMAGUCHI F, SEKIGUCHI M et al.: Phototoxic potential of quinolone antibacterial agents in BALB/c mice. Toxicol. Lett. (1990) 54:299–308.
  • WAGAI N, TAWARA K: Quinolone antibacterial-agent-induced cutaneous phototoxicity: ear swelling reactions in BALB/c mice. Toxicol Lett. (1991) 58:215–223.
  • WAGAI N, YOSHIDA M, TAKAYMA S: Phototoxic potential of the new quinolone antibacterial agent levofloxacin in mice. Drug Res. (1992) 42:404–405.
  • ADAMANTIDIS MM, DUMOTIER BM, CARON JF et al.: Sparfloxacin but not levofloxacin prolongs cardiac repolarization in rabbit Purkinje fibers. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. (1998) 12:70–76.
  • AKAHANE K, KATO M, TAKAYAMA S: Involvement of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in levofloxacin- and ciprofloxacin-induced convulsions in mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1993) 37:1764–1770.
  • KASHIDA Y, KATO M: Characterization of fluroquinolone-induced Achilles tendon toxicity in rats: comparison of toxicities of 10 fluoroquinolones and effects of anti-inflammatory compounds. Antimi-crob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41:2389–2393.
  • BURKHARDT JE, WALTERSPIEL JN, SCHAAD UB: Quinolone arthropathy in animals versus children. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1997) 25:1196–1204.
  • •Important evaluation of the possible usefulness of fluoro-quinolones in children.
  • ROOSE DR, WALKER SA, CHIEN SC et al.: Levofloxacin does not alter cyclosporin disposition. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1998) 38:90–93.
  • SHIBA K, OKAZAKI 0, AOKI H et al.: Influence of antacids and ranitidine on the absorption of levofloxa-cin in men. Drugs (1993) 45 (Suppl. 3):299–300.
  • TANAKA M, KURATA T, FUJISAWA C: Mechanistic study of inhibition of levofloxacin absorption by aluminium hydroxide. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1993) 37:2173–2178.
  • SHIBA K, SAKAI 0, SHIMADA J et al.: Effects of antacids,ferrous sulfate, and ranitidine on absorption of DR-3355 in humans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1992) 36:2270–2274.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.