Epidemiological Trends of Kidney Cancer Along with Attributable Risk Factors in China from 1990 to 2019 and Its Projections Until 2030: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

References

• World Health Organization. Global health estimates 2020: deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2019; 2020. Available from: http://who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death. Accessed March 16, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–249. PMBI: 33538338. doi:10.3322/caac.21660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moch H, Cubilla AL, Humphrey PA, et al. The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-part a: renal, penile, and testicular tumours. Eur Urol. 2016;70:93–105. PMBI: 26935559. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochetti G, Cari L, Nocentini G, et al. Detection of urinary miRNAs for diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):21290. PMBI: 33277569. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77774-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bukavina L, Bensalah K, Bray F, et al. Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma: 2022 update. Eur Urol. 2022. PMBI: 36100483. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2022.08.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Znaor A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Laversanne M, et al. International variations and trends in renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality. Eur Urol. 2015;67:519–530. PMBI: 25449206. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2014.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scelo G, Li P, Chanudet E, et al. Variability of sex disparities in cancer incidence over 30 years: the striking case of kidney cancer. Eur Urol Focus. 2018;4:586–590. PMBI: 28753845. doi:10.1016/j.euf.2017.01.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zbar B, Alvord WG, Glenn G, et al. Risk of renal and colonic neoplasms and spontaneous pneumothorax in the Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11:393–400. PMBI: 11927500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grubb RL, Franks ME, Toro J, et al. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer: a syndrome associated with an aggressive form of inherited renal cancer. J Urol. 2007;177:2074–9;discussion 2079–80. PMBI: 17509289. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.155
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123:e18–18e209. PMBI: 21160056. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182009701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhaskaran K, Douglas I, Forbes H, et al. Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of 5·24 million UK adults. Lancet. 2014;384:755–765. PMBI: 25129328. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60892-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaelin WG Jr. The VHL tumor suppressor gene: insights into oxygen sensing and cancer. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2017;128:298–307. PMBI: 28790514.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu SZ, Guo LW, Cao XQ, et al. 2014年肾癌发病与死亡分析[Estimation on the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in China, in 2014中国]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2018;39:1346–1350. PMBI: 30453435. PMBI: 30453435. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.10.011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396:1204–1222. PMBI: 33069326. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinheiro PS, Medina HN, Callahan KE, et al. Kidney cancer mortality disparities among Hispanics in the US. Cancer Epidemiol. 2021;72:101938. PMBI: 33862414. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2021.101938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azawi NH, Joergensen SM, Jensen NV, et al. Trends in kidney cancer among the elderly in Denmark, 1980–2012. Acta Oncol. 2016;55(Suppl 1):79–84. PMBI: 26784139. doi:10.3109/0284186X.2015.1115121
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Assouad E, El Hage S, Safi S, et al. Kidney cancer trends and risk factors in Lebanon: a 12-year epidemiological study. Cancer Causes Control. 2022;33:303–312. PMBI: 34839395. doi:10.1007/s10552-021-01525-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang YZ, Hu Y. 1992-2016年中国肾癌死亡趋势的年龄-时期-队列分析[Age-period-cohort analysis on kidney cancer mortality trend in China, 1992–2016]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2021;42:508–512. PMBI: 34814421. PMBI: 34814421. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200224-00156
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang T, Chen H, Yin X, et al. Changing trends of disease burden of gastric cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions: findings from Global Burden of Disease Study. Chin J Cancer Res. 2021;33:11–26. PMBI: 33707924. doi:10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.01.02
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Abbas KM, Abbasifard M, et al. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396:1160–1203. PMBI: 33069325. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019;394:1145–1158. PMBI: 31248666. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30427-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray CJ, Aravkin AY, Zheng P, et al. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396:1223–1249. PMBI: 33069327. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiseman M. The second World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008;67:253–256. PMBI: 18452640. doi:10.1017/S002966510800712X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Chen H, Zhang T, et al. Burden of pancreatic cancer along with attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019, and projections until 2030. Pancreatology. 2022;22:608–618. PMBI: 35513974. doi:10.1016/j.pan.2022.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang Y, Li Z, Chen H, et al. Burden of lung cancer along with attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019, and projections until 2030. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2022;2022:1. doi:10.1007/s00432-022-04217-5
   Google Scholar
• Gao S, Yang WS, Bray F, et al. Declining rates of hepatocellular carcinoma in urban Shanghai: incidence trends in 1976–2005. Eur J Epidemiol. 2012;27:39–46. PMBI: 22160277. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9636-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Zhao S, Wang S, et al. Global magnitude of encephalitis burden and its evolving pattern over the past 30 years. J Infect. 2022;84(6):777–787. PMBI: 35452715. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang T, Yin X, Chen H, et al. Global magnitude and temporal trends of idiopathic developmental intellectual disability attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2019: results from Global Burden of Disease Study. Sci Total Environ. 2022;834:155366. PMBI: 35460796. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Cao F, Zhang G, et al. Trends in and predictions of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in china from 1990 to 2025. Front Oncol. 2019;9:98. PMBI: 30847304. doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.00098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou M, Wang H, Zhu J, et al. Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990-2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2016;387:251–272. PMBI: 26510778. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00551-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astell-Burt T, Zhang M, Feng X, et al. Geographical inequality in tobacco control in China: multilevel evidence from 98 058 participants. Nicotine Tob Res. 2018;20:755–765. PMBI: 28520988. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang D, Bu T, Feng Q, et al. Differences in overweight and obesity between the North and South of China. Am J Health Behav. 2020;44:780–793. PMBI: 33081876. doi:10.5993/AJHB.44.6.4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu F, Yin XM, Zhang M, et al. Family average income and body mass index above the healthy weight range among urban and rural residents in regional Mainland China. Public Health Nutr. 2005;8:47–51. PMBI: 15705245. doi:10.1079/phn2005653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang GH, Ma JM, Liu N, et al. 中国人群2002年吸烟和被动吸烟的现状调查[Smoking and passive smoking in Chinese, 2002]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2005;26:77–83. PMBI: 15921604. PMBI: 15921604.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• He D, Li L, Zhu G, et al. ASC-J9 suppresses renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting an androgen receptor-dependent HIF2α/VEGF signaling pathway. Cancer Res. 2014;74:4420–4430. PMBI: 24924778. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2681
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee KH, Kim BC, Jeong SH, et al. Histone demethylase LSD1 regulates kidney cancer progression by modulating androgen receptor activity. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(17):6089. PMBI: 32847068. doi:10.3390/ijms21176089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Yang Z, Gu J, et al. Estrogen receptor beta increases clear cell renal cell carcinoma stem cell phenotype via altering the circPHACTR4/miR-34b-5p/c-Myc signaling. FASEB J. 2022;36(2):e22163. PMBI: 35061326. doi:10.1096/fj.202101645R
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song W, He D, Chen Y, et al. Targeting newly identified ERβ/TGF-β1/SMAD3 signals with the FDA-approved anti-estrogen Faslodex or an ERβ selective antagonist in renal cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol. 2018;12(12):2055–2071. PMBI: 30171816. doi:10.1002/1878-0261.12377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peired AJ, Campi R, Angelotti ML, et al. Sex and gender differences in kidney cancer: clinical and experimental evidence. Cancers. 2021;13:1. PMBI: 34572815. doi:10.3390/cancers13184588
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, et al. Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies. Int J Cancer. 2005;114:101–108. PMBI: 15523697. doi:10.1002/ijc.20618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Peveri G, Bosetti C, et al. Dose-response relationships between cigarette smoking and kidney cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2019;142:86–93. PMBI: 31387065. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.07.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koul H, Huh JS, Rove KO, et al. Molecular aspects of renal cell carcinoma: a review. Am J Cancer Res. 2011;1:240–254. PMBI: 21969126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Horikawa Y, Yang H, et al. BPDE induced lymphocytic chromosome 3p deletions may predict renal cell carcinoma risk. J Urol. 2008;179:2416–2421. PMBI: 18433782. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.092
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arany I, Reed DK, Grifoni SC, et al. A novel U-STAT3-dependent mechanism mediates the deleterious effects of chronic nicotine exposure on renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2012;302:F722. PMBI: 22169004. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00338.2011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo X, Li X, Wang Y, et al. Nicotine induces alteration of H3K27 demethylase UTX in kidney cancer cell. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2014;33:264–269. PMBI: 23925944. doi:10.1177/0960327113499043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heeschen C, Jang JJ, Weis M, et al. Nicotine stimulates angiogenesis and promotes tumor growth and atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2001;7:833–839. PMBI: 11433349. doi:10.1038/89961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gluba-Brzózka A, Rysz J, Ławiński J, et al. Renal cell cancer and obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:1. PMBI: 35328822. doi:10.3390/ijms23063404
   Google Scholar
• Choi Y, Park B, Jeong BC, et al. Body mass index and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a clinical-based cohort and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2013;132:625–634. PMBI: 22610826. doi:10.1002/ijc.27639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker AS, Lohse CM, Cheville JC, et al. Greater body mass index is associated with better pathologic features and improved outcome among patients treated surgically for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Urology. 2006;68:741–746. PMBI: 17070345. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.05.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waalkes S, Merseburger AS, Kramer MW, et al. Obesity is associated with improved survival in patients with organ-confined clear-cell kidney cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2010;21:1905–1910. PMBI: 20652393. doi:10.1007/s10552-010-9618-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakimi AA, Furberg H, Zabor EC, et al. An epidemiologic and genomic investigation into the obesity paradox in renal cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105:1862–1870. PMBI: 24285872. doi:10.1093/jnci/djt310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albiges L, Hakimi AA, Xie W, et al. Body mass index and metastatic renal cell carcinoma: clinical and biological correlations. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(30):3655–3663. PMBI: 27601543. doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.66.7311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang C, Guan Y, Li H, et al. Urologic cancer in China. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016;46(6):497–501. PMBI: 27049022. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyw034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai T, Wang L, Wang D, et al. Clinicopathological epidemiological characteristics and change tendencies of renal cell carcinoma in Shanxi Province of China from 2005 to 2014. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0144246. PMBI: 26633179. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi L, Schiavina R, Bortolani B, et al. Interpreting nephrometry scores with three-dimensional virtual modelling for better planning of robotic partial nephrectomy and predicting complications. Urol Oncol. 2021;39(12):836.e1–836.e9. PMBI: 34535356. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.07.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jani C, Abdallah N, Mouchati C, et al. Trends of kidney cancer burden from 1990 to 2019 in European Union 15 + countries and World Health Organization regions. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):22368. PMBI: 36572700. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25485-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu L, Huang Z, Pan Z. The spatiality and driving forces of population ageing in China. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0243559. PMBI: 33428682. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahbaz R, Schmid M, Merseburger AS. Prevention of kidney cancer incidence and recurrence: lifestyle, medication and nutrition. Curr Opin Urol. 2018;28:62–79. PMBI: 29059103. doi:10.1097/MOU.0000000000000454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochetti G, Cari L, Maulà V, et al. Validation in an independent cohort of MiR-122, MiR-1271, and MiR-15b as urinary biomarkers for the potential early diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancers. 2022;14(5):1112. PMBI: 35267420. doi:10.3390/cancers14051112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar