Longitudinal Validation of a Specific Measure of Fear Avoidance in Athletes: Predicting Time from Injury to Return to Sports Competition

References

• Miaskowski C, Blyth F, Nicosia F, et al. A biopsychosocial model of chronic pain for older adults. Pain Med. 2020;21(9):1793–1805. doi:10.1093/pm/pnz329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladeira CE, Cheng MS, da Silva RA. Clinical specialization and adherence to evidence-based practice guidelines for low back pain management: a survey of US physical therapists. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017;47(5):347–358. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardern CL, Taylor NF, Feller JA, Whitehead TS, Webster KE. Sports participation 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes who had not returned to sport at 1 year: a prospective follow-up of physical function and psychological factors in 122 athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(4):848–856. doi:10.1177/0363546514563282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardern CL, Taylor NF, Feller JA, Webster KE. A systematic review of the psychological factors associated with returning to sport following injury. BrJ Sports Med. 2013;47(17):1120–1126. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross MD. The relationship between functional levels and fear-avoidance beliefs following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Traumatol. 2010;11(4):237–243. doi:10.1007/s10195-010-0118-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hainline B, Turner JA, Caneiro JP, Stewart M, Lorimer Moseley G. Pain in elite athletes—neurophysiological, biomechanical and psychosocial considerations: a narrative review. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(17):1259–1264. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDougall HL, George SZ, Dover GC. Low back pain treatment by athletic trainers and athletic therapists: biomedical or biopsychosocial orientation? J Athl Train. 2019;54(7):772–779. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-430-17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waddell G, Newton M, Henderson I, Somerville D, Main CJ, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs A. Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain. 1993;52(2):157–168. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(93)90127-B
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kromer TO, Sieben JM, de Bie RA, Bastiaenen CH. Influence of fear-avoidance beliefs on disability in patients with subacromial shoulder pain in primary care: a secondary analysis. Phys Ther. 2014;94(12):1775–1784. doi:10.2522/ptj.20130587
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Houston MN, Hoch JM, Hoch MC. college athletes with ankle sprain history exhibit greater fear-avoidance beliefs. J Sport Rehabil. 2018;27(5):419–423. doi:10.1123/jsr.2017-0075
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leeuw M, Goossens MEJB, Linton SJ, Crombez G, Boersma K, Vlaeyen JWS. The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: current state of scientific evidence. J Behav Med. 2007;30(1):77–94. doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9085-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coudeyre E, Tubach F, Rannou F, et al. Fear-avoidance beliefs about back pain in patients with acute LBP. Clin J Pain. 2007;23(8):720–725. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31814da407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu C, Loecher N, Park AL, Simons LE. Chronic pain in young athletes: the impact of athletic identity on pain-related distress and functioning. Clin J Pain. 2021;37(3):219–225. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000917
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calvo-Muñoz I, Kovacs FM, Roqué M, Gago Fernández I, Seco Calvo J. Risk factors for low back pain in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review. Clin J Pain. 2018;34(5):468–484. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen MP, Gianas A, Sherlin LH, Howe JD, Catastrophizing P. EEG-α Asymmetry. Clin J Pain. 2015;31(10):852–858. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000182
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller RP, Kori SH, Todd DD. The Tampa scale: a measure of kinisophobia. Clin J Pain. 1991;7(1):51. doi:10.1097/00002508-199103000-00053
   Google Scholar
• Lethem J, Slade PD, Troup JD, Bentley G. Outline of a fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perception--I. Behav Res Ther. 1983;21(4):401–408. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(83)90009-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaeyen JWS, Kole-Snijders AMJ, Boeren RGB, van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995;62(3):363–372. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00279-N
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karoly P, Okun MA, Ruehlman LS, Pugliese JA. The impact of goal cognition and pain severity on disability and depression in adults with chronic pain: an examination of direct effects and mediated effects via pain-induced fear. Cogn Ther Res. 2008;32(3):418–433. doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9136-z
   Google Scholar
• Gerber M, Kalak N, Lemola S, et al. Are adolescents with high mental toughness levels more resilient against stress? Stress Health. 2013;29(2):164–171. doi:10.1002/smi.2447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dover G, Amar V. Development and validation of the athlete fear avoidance questionnaire. J Athl Train. 2015;50(6):634–642. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahalan R, O’Sullivan P, Purtill H, Bargary N, Ni Bhriain O, O’Sullivan K. Inability to perform because of pain/injury in elite adult Irish dance: a prospective investigation of contributing factors. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016;26(6):694–702. doi:10.1111/sms.12492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binkley JM, Stratford PW, Lott SA, Riddle DL. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS): scale development, measurement properties, and clinical application. North American orthopaedic rehabilitation research network. Phys Ther. 1999;79(4):371–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alcock G, Stratford P. Validation of the lower extremity functional scale on athletic subjects with ankle sprains. Physiother Can. 2002;54:233–240.
   Google Scholar
• SooHoo NF, McDonald AP, Seiler JG, McGillivary GR. Evaluation of the construct validity of the DASH questionnaire by correlation to the SF-36. J Hand Surg Am. 2002;27(3):537–541. doi:10.1053/jhsu.2002.32964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saltychev M, Mattie R, McCormick Z, Barlund E, Laimi K. Psychometric properties of the Oswestry disability index. Int J Rehabil Res. 2017;40(3):202–208. doi:10.1097/MRR.0000000000000226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noormohammadpour P, Hosseini Khezri A, Farahbakhsh F, Mansournia MA, Smuck M, Kordi R. Reliability and validity of athletes disability index questionnaire. Clin J Sport Med. 2018;28(2):159–167. doi:10.1097/JSM.0000000000000414
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(4):524–532. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller S, Bann CM, Dodd SL, Schein J, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS. Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with noncancer pain. Clin J Pain. 2004;20(5):309–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J GenIntern Med. 2001;16(9):606–613.
   Google Scholar
• Suer M, Philips N, Kliethermes S, Scerpella T, Sehgal N. Baseline kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing scores predict prolonged postoperative shoulder pain. Pain Physician. 2022;2022:8.
   Google Scholar
• Huang J, Xu Y, Xuan R, Baker JS, Gu Y, Mixed A. Comparison of interventions for kinesiophobia in individuals with musculoskeletal pain: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2022;13:886015. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.886015
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watson JA, Ryan CG, Cooper L, et al. Pain neuroscience education for adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain. 2019;20(10):1140.e1–1140.e22. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2019.02.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan MJL, Tripp DA, Rodgers WM, Stanish W. Catastrophizing and pain perception in sport participants. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2000;12(2):151–167. doi:10.1080/10413200008404220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsh AT, George SZ, Bialosky JE, Robinson ME. Fear of pain, pain catastrophizing, and acute pain perception: relative prediction and timing of assessment. J Pain. 2008;9(9):806–812. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2008.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olmedilla Zafra A, Ortega Toro E, Cano L. Validation of the pain catastrophizing scale in Spanish athletes. Cuad Psicol Deporte. 2013;13(1):83–93. doi:10.4321/S1578-84232013000100009
   Google Scholar
• Mkumbuzi NS, Mafu TS, September AV, Posthumus M, Collins M. Conditioned pain modulation is not altered in recreational athletes with Achilles tendinopathy. Transl Sports Med. 2021;4(1):147–153. doi:10.1002/tsm2.201
   Google Scholar
• Green B. Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in NCAA Division II Collegiate Student-Athletes [West Chester University Master’s Theses]; 2019:43.
   Google Scholar
• Owens JG, Rauzi MR, Kittelson A, et al. How new technology is improving physical therapy. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020;13(2):200–211. doi:10.1007/s12178-020-09610-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sepucha KR, Atlas SJ, Chang Y, et al. Informed, patient-centered decisions associated with better health outcomes in orthopedics: prospective cohort study. Med Decis Making. 2018;38(8):1018–1026. doi:10.1177/0272989X18801308
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stewart M, Brown JB, Weston W, McWhinney IR, McWilliam C, Freeman T. Patient-Centered Medicine Transforming the Clinical Method. 3rd. CRC Press - Taylor & Francis; 2013. doi:10.1201/b20740
   Google Scholar
• Silbernagel KG, Brorsson A, Lundberg M. The majority of patients with Achilles tendinopathy recover fully when treated with exercise alone: a 5-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(3):607–613. doi:10.1177/0363546510384789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischerauer SF, Talaei-Khoei M, Bexkens R, Ring DC, Oh LS, Vranceanu AM. What is the relationship of fear avoidance to physical function and pain intensity in injured athletes? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476(4):754–763. doi:10.1007/s11999.0000000000000085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chmielewski TL, Jones D, Day T, Tillman SM, Lentz TA, George SZ. The association of pain and fear of movement/reinjury with function during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports PhysTher. 2008;38(12):746–753. doi:10.2519/jospt.2008.2887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chmielewski TL, Zeppieri G, Lentz TA, et al. Longitudinal changes in psychosocial factors and their association with knee pain and function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Phys Ther. 2011;91(9):1355–1366. doi:10.2522/ptj.20100277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hootman JM, Dick R, Agel J. Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. J Athl Train. 2007;42(2):311–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George SZ, Stryker SE. Fear-avoidance beliefs and clinical outcomes for patients seeking outpatient physical therapy for musculoskeletal pain conditions. J Orthop Sports PhysTher. 2011;41(4):249–259. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldon Rde M, Serrao FV, Scattone Silva R, Piva SR. Effects of functional stabilization training on pain, function, and lower extremity biomechanics in women with patellofemoral pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014;44(4):240–A8. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupuis F, Barrett E, Dube MO, McCreesh KM, Lewis JS, Roy JS. Cryotherapy or gradual reloading exercises in acute presentations of rotator cuff tendinopathy: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018;4(1):e000477. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000477
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ford JJ, Slater SL, Richards MC, et al. Individualised manual therapy plus guideline-based advice vs advice alone for people with clinical features of lumbar zygapophyseal joint pain: a randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy. 2019;105(1):53–64. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2018.07.008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar