A Systematic Review of the Measurement Properties of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability Scale for Pediatric Pain Assessment

References

• Benini F, Congedi S, Scalfaro C, Barbi E, Podestà AF. Up-date of paediatric pain management in emergency units. Medico e Bambino. 2019;38(1):19–27.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen RD, Langius-Eklof A, Nakstad B, Bernklev T, Jylli L. The measurement properties of pediatric observational pain scales: a systematic review of reviews. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017;73:93–101. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alizadeh Z, Paymard A, Khalili A, Hejr H. A systematic review of pain assessment method in children. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2017;10(4):847–849. doi:10.4103/ATMPH.ATMPH_155_17
   Google Scholar
• Latina R, Di Maglie V, Sili A, et al. Valutazione del dolore nei pazienti affetti dasindrome di Down: una revisione narrativa dellaletteratura [Pain assessment in Down Syndrome patients: a narrative review of the literature]. Prof Inferm. 2018;71(4):209–220. doi:10.7429/pi.2018.714209. Itailan.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verstraete J, Ramma L, Jelsma J. Validity and reliability testing of the Toddler and Infant (TANDI) Health Related Quality of Life instrument for very young children. J Patient-Rep Outcomes. 2020;4(1):94. doi:10.1186/s41687-020-00251-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tamvaki E, Efstratiou F, Nteli C, et al. Validation of the Greek Version of Comfort-B, FLACC, and BPS Scales in Critically Ill Children and Their Association with Clinical Severity. Pain Manag Nurs. 2020;21(5):468–475. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2019.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, Malviya S. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997;23(3):293–297.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crellin D, Sullivan TP, Babl FE, O’Sullivan R, Hutchinson A. Analysis of the validation of existing behavioral pain and distress scales for use in the procedural setting. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007;17(8):720–733. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2007.02218.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• von Baeyer CL, Spagrud LJ. Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. Pain. 2007;127(1–2):140–150. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crellin DJ, Harrison D, Santamaria N, Babl FE. Systematic review of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability scale for assessing pain in infants and children: is it reliable, valid, and feasible for use? Pain. 2015;156(11):2132–2151. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bringuier S, Picot MC, Dadure C, et al. A prospective comparison of post-surgical behavioral pain scales in preschoolers highlighting the risk of false evaluations. Pain. 2009;145(1–2):60–68. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.05.012
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johansson M, Kokinsky E. The COMFORT behavioural scale and the modified FLACC scale in paediatric intensive care. Nurs Crit Care. 2009;14(3):122–130. doi:10.1111/j.1478-5153.2009.00323.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bai J, Hsu L, Tang Y, Van Dijk M. Validation of the COMFORT Behavior Scale and the FLACC Scale for Pain Assessment in Chinese Children after Cardiac Surgery. Pain Management Nursing. 2012;13(1):18–26. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2010.07.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jia YG. The Application Study of Three Types of Pain Behavioural Observation Scales for Pain Measurement in Young Children with Burns. Shanghai, China: Nursing department, Jinan University; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. doi:10.1136/bmj.n71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brink Y, Louw QA. Clinical instruments: reliability and validity critical appraisal. J Eval Clin Pract. 2012;18(6):1126–1132. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01707.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo TK, Li MY. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155–163. doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang Q, Sha F, Chan CH, Yip PS. Validation of an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale (“LSNS-6”) and its associations with suicidality among older adults in China. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201612. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant JS, Davis LL. Selection and use of content experts for instrument development. Res Nurs Health. 1997;20(3):269–274. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199706)20:3<269::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Routledge; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Suraseranivongse S, Santawat U, Kraiprasit K, Petcharatana S, Prakkamodom S, Muntraporn N. Cross-validation of a composite pain scale for preschool children within 24 hours of surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2001;87(3):400–405. doi:10.1093/bja/87.3.400
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manworren RC, Hynan LS. Clinical validation of FLACC: preverbal patient pain scale. Pediatr Nurs. 2003;29(2):140–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willis MH, Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Malviya S. FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale: a comparison with the child’s self-report. Pediatr Nurs. 2003;29(3):195–198.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu M, Chen LQ, Zheng JL. The appraisal of reliability and validity of the FLACC observation tool for scoring painfulness of children with cleft lip and palate. Nurs J Chin PLA. 2012;7A(29):20–22,26.
   Google Scholar
• Gomez RJ, Barrowman N, Elia S, Manias E, Royle J, Harrison D. Establishing intra- and inter-rater agreement of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale for evaluating pain in toddlers during immunization. Pain Res Management. 2013;18(6):e124–128. doi:10.1155/2013/897104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kochman A, Howell J, Sheridan M, et al. Reliability of the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability Scale in Assessing Acute Pain in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2017;33(1):14–17. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000000995
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crellin DJ, Harrison D, Santamaria N, Huque H, Babl FE. The Psychometric Properties of the FLACC Scale Used to Assess Procedural Pain. J Pain. 2018;19(8):862–872. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.02.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuishi Y, Hoshino H, Shimojo N, et al. Verifying the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Behavioral Scale. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0194094. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsze DS, Ieni M, Flores-Sanchez PL, et al. Quantification of Pain and Distress Associated With Intranasal Midazolam Administration in Children and Evaluation of Validity of Four Observational Measures. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021;37(1):e17–e20. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000001526
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karimi Z, Baraz S, Rashidi M, Jahani S, Malehi AS. Pain assessment tools in children undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2018;12(4):184–188. doi:10.5958/0973-9130.2018.00221.9
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson M, Campbell-Yeo M. Assessment of pain in newborn infants. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;24(4):101003. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2019.04.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar