Pain Catastrophizing and Its Association with Military Medical Disability Among US Active Duty Service Members with Chronic Predominately Musculoskeletal Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

References

• Wertli MM, Burgstaller JM, Weiser S, Steurer J, Kofmehl R, Held U. Influence of catastrophizing on treatment outcome in patients with nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review. Spine. 2014;39(3):263–273. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumann ME, Coombes BJ, Gascho KE, et al. Pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy mediate interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program outcomes at posttreatment and follow-up. Pain Med Malden Mass. 2022;23(4):697–706. doi:10.1093/pm/pnab271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollow JM, Pendergrass TL, Lee IE, Chervak MC, Hauret KG, Rhon DI. Musculoskeletal injuries and United States Army readiness, part I: overview of injuries and their strategic impact. Mil Med. 2020;185(9–10):e1461–31471. doi:10.1093/milmed/usaa027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reif S, Adams RS, Ritter GA, Williams TV, Larson MJ. Prevalence of pain diagnoses and burden of pain among active duty soldiers, FY2012. Mil Med. 2018;183(9–10):e330–e337 . doi:10.1093/milmed/usx200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith HJ, Taubman SB, Clark LL. Characterizing the contribution of chronic pain diagnoses to the neurologic burden of disease, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2009–2018. MSMR US Army Cent Health Promot Prev Med Exec Commun Div. 2020;27(10):2–7.
   Google Scholar
• Toblin RL, Quartana PJ, Riviere LA, Walper KC, Hoge CW. Chronic pain and opioid use in US soldiers after combat deployment. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(8):1400–1401. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.2726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Review, no. 227. Noninvasive nonpharmacological treatment for chronic pain: a systematic review update; 2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556229/. Accessed October 29, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Weber N, Egbert J, Kelly A, et al. Disability evaluation system analysis and research (DESAR) 2022 annual report. Available from: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1190001.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Headquarters Department of the Army. Army regulation 40-501. Standards of medical fitness. Headquarters department of the army; 2019. Available from: https://armypubs.army.mil/ProductMaps/PubForm/Details.aspx?PUB_ID=1004688. Accessed April 17, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• US Army Public Health Center. Health of the Force: create a Healthier Force for Tomorrow. Aberdeen Proving Ground; 2021. Available from: https://phc.amedd.army.mil/topics/campaigns/hof/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed April 17, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Headquarters Department of the Army. Army Regulation 40-502. Medical Readiness. Headquarters department of the army; 2019. Available from: https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN37126-AR_40-502-001-WEB-3.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7:524–532. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler CHB, Williams ACC, Morley SJ. Meta-analysis of the psychometric properties of the pain catastrophizing scale and associations with participant characteristics. Pain. 2019;160(9):1946–1953. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook KF, Kallen MA, Buckenmaier C, et al. Evaluation of the validity and response burden of patient self‐report measures of the pain assessment screening tool and outcomes registry (PASTOR). Mil Med. 2017;182(7/8):e1851‐e1861. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckenmaier CC, Galloway KT, Polomano RC, McDuffie M, Kwon N, Gallagher RM. Preliminary validation of the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) in a military population. Pain Med. 2013;14(1):110–123. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01516.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilkonis PA, Choi SW, Reise SP, et al. Item banks for measuring emotional distress from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information System (PROMIS®): depression, anxiety, and anger. Assessment. 2011;18(3):263–283. doi:10.1177/1073191111411667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amtmann D, Cook KF, Jensen MP, et al. Development of a PROMIS item bank to measure pain interference. Pain. 2010;150(1):173–182. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays RD, Bjorner JB, Revicki DA, Spritzer KL, Cella D. Development of physical and mental health summary scores from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) global items. Qual Life Res. 2009;18(7):873–880. doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9496-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northwestern University. PROMIS score cut points. HealthMeasures. Northwestern University. Available from: https://staging.healthmeasures.net/score-and-interpret/interpret-scores/promis/promis-score-cut-points. Accessed April 17, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Prins A, Bovin MJ, Smolenski DJ, et al. The primary care PTSD screen for DSM-5 (PCPTSD-5): development and evaluation within a veteran primary care sample. J Gen Intern Med. 2016;31(10):1206–1211. doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3703-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X. Classification accuracy and cut point selection. Stat Med. 2012;31(23):2676–2686. doi:10.1002/sim.4509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan MJL. Pain Catastrophizing Scale Manual; 2019. Available from: https://dokumen.tips/documents/pain-catastrophizing-scale-manual-sullivan.html. Accessed April 17, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Schütze R, Rees C, Smith A, Slater H, Campbell JM, O’Sullivan P. How can we best reduce pain catastrophizing in adults with chronic noncancer pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain. 2018;19(3):233–256. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierobon A, Raguzzi I, Soliño S, et al. Disability is associated with catastrophizing and not with pain intensity in patients with low back pain: a retrospective study. Physiother Res Int J Res Clin Phys Ther. 2020;25(4):e1867. doi:10.1002/pri.1867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott W, Wideman TH, Sullivan MJL. Clinically meaningful scores on pain catastrophizing before and after multidisciplinary rehabilitation: a prospective study of individuals with subacute pain after whiplash injury. Clin J Pain. 2014;30(3):183–190. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31828eee6c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith SM, Dworkin RH, Turk DC, et al. Interpretation of chronic pain clinical trial outcomes: IMMPACT recommended considerations. Pain. 2020;161(11):2446–2461. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cashin AG, Lee H, Traeger AC, et al. Producing clinically meaningful reductions in disability: a causal mediation analysis of a patient education intervention. J Pain. 2022;23(2):236–247. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.07.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monticone M, Portoghese I, Rocca B, Giordano A, Campagna M, Franchignoni F. Responsiveness and minimal important change of the pain catastrophizing scale in people with chronic low back pain undergoing multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2022;58(1):68–75. doi:10.23736/S1973-9087.21.06729-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries HJ, Reneman MF, Groothoff JW, Geertzen JHB, Brouwer S. Workers who stay at work despite chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain: do they differ from workers with sick leave? J Occup Rehabil. 2012;22(4):489–502. doi:10.1007/s10926-012-9360-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries HJ, Reneman MF, Groothoff JW, Geertzen JHB, Brouwer S. Factors promoting staying at work in people with chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(6):443–458. doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.607551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carriere JS, Thibault P, Milioto M, Sullivan MJL. Expectancies mediate the relations among pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, and return to work outcomes after whiplash injury. J Pain. 2015;16(12):1280–1287. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore E, Thibault P, Adams H, Sullivan MJL. Catastrophizing and pain-related fear predict failure to maintain treatment gains following participation in a pain rehabilitation program. Pain Rep. 2016;1(2):e567. doi:10.1097/PR9.0000000000000567
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilliam WP, Craner JR, Morrison EJ, Sperry JA. The mediating effects of the different dimensions of pain catastrophizing on outcomes in an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program. Clin J Pain. 2017;33(5):443–451. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Bravo MD, Zamarrón-Cassinello MD, Touche RL, Muñoz-Plata R, Cuenca-Martínez F, Ramos-Toro M. Psychological factors associated with functional disability in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis. Behav Med Wash DC. 2021;47(4):285–295. doi:10.1080/08964289.2020.1813682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazaridou A, Franceschelli O, Buliteanu A, Cornelius M, Edwards RR, Jamison RN. Influence of catastrophizing on pain intensity, disability, side effects, and opioid misuse among pain patients in primary care. J Appl Biobehav Res. 2017;22(1):e12081. doi:10.1111/jabr.12081
   Google Scholar
• Hooten MW. chronic pain and mental health disorders: shared neural mechanisms, epidemiology, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(7):955–970. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy JL, Palyo SA, Schmidt ZS, et al. The resurrection of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation: outcomes across a veterans affairs collaborative. Pain Med Malden Mass. 2021;22(2):430–443. doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy EL, Atherton RJ, Robertson N, Walsh DA, Gillett R. Mindfulness, functioning and catastrophizing after multidisciplinary pain management for chronic low back pain. Pain. 2012;153(3):644–650. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.11.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall PW, Morrison NMV, Gibbs M, Schabrun SM. The effect of exercise engagement on low back disability at 12-months is mediated by pain and catastrophizing in a community sample of people with chronic low back pain. Behav Res Ther. 2022;159:104205. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson EL, Broadbent J, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Bertino M, Staiger PK. A network analysis of the links between chronic pain symptoms and affective disorder symptoms. Int J Behav Med. 2019;26:59–68. doi:10.1007/s12529-018-9754-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Defense Health Agency Administrative Instruction 6025.08. Pain management and opioid safety in military medical treatment facilities, February 8, 2023; 2023. Available from: https://health.mil/Reference-Center/DHA-Publications/2023/02/08/DHA-AI-6025-08. Accessed April 17, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn DM, Burke LA, Ransom JC, et al. Predictors of sustained response to functional restoration in a military population. Military Medicine; 2022.
   Google Scholar