Lasting Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Prehospital Emergency Medical Service Missions

References

• Elston JWT, Moosa AJ, Moses F, et al. Impact of the Ebola outbreak on health systems and population health in Sierra Leone. J Public Health. 2016;38(4):673–678. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdv158
   Google Scholar
• Bali S, Stewart KA, Pate MA. Long shadow of fear in an epidemic: fearonomic effects of Ebola on the private sector in Nigeria. BMJ Glob Health. 2016;1(3):e000111. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bannister-Tyrrell M, Gryseels C, Delamou A, D’Alessandro U, van Griensven J, Grietens KP. Blood as medicine: social meanings of blood and the success of Ebola trials. Lancet. 2015;385(9966):420. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62392-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiam S, Delamou A, Camara S, et al. Challenges in controlling the Ebola outbreak in two prefectures in Guinea: why did communities continue to resist? Pan Afr Med J. 2015;22(Suppl 1):22. doi:10.11694/pamj.supp.2015.22.1.6626
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hasani-Sharamin P, Saberian P, Sadeghi M, Mireskandari SM, Baratloo A. Characteristics of emergency medical service missions in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and death cases in the periods of before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2021;36(6):676–683. doi:10.1017/S1049023X21001138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laukkanen L, Lahtinen S, Liisanantti J, Kaakinen T, Ehrola A, Raatiniemi L. Early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and social restrictions on ambulance missions. Eur J Public Health. 2021;31(5):1090–1095. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckab065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eskol JR, Zegers FD, Wittrock D, Lassen AT, Mikkelsen S. Increased ambulance on-scene times but unaffected response times during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Denmark. BMC Emerg Med. 2022;22(1):61. doi:10.1186/s12873-022-00623-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stirparo G, Ristagno G, Bellini L, et al. Changes to the major trauma pre-hospital emergency medical system network before and during the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Med. 2022;11(22). doi:10.3390/jcm11226748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis S, Salottolo K, Berg GM, et al. Examining emergency medical services’ prehospital transport times for trauma patients during COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;44:33–37. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.01.091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegenberg K, Althammer A, Gehring C, Prueckner S, Trentzsch H. Pre-hospital emergency medical services utilization amid COVID-19 in 2020: descriptive study based on routinely collected dispatch data in Bavaria, Germany. Healthcare. 2023;11(14). doi:10.3390/healthcare11141983
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Bersano A, Kraemer M, Touzé E, et al. Stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience from three large European countries. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(9):1794–1800. doi:10.1111/ene.14375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baracchini C, Pieroni A, Viaro F, et al. Acute stroke management pathway during Coronavirus-19 pandemic. Neurol Sci. 2020;41(5):1003–1005. doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04375-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coventry LL, van Schalkwyk JW, Thompson PL, Hawkins SA, Hegney DG. Myocardial infarction, patient decision delay and help-seeking behaviour: a thematic analysis. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(13–14):1993–2005. doi:10.1111/jocn.13607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan J, Ramazanu S, Liaw SY, Chua WL. Effectiveness of public education campaigns for stroke symptom recognition and response in non-elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022;31(2):106207. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueda Y, Tahara Y, Itoh T, et al. New strategy to prevent acute myocardial infarction by public education - A position statement of the committee on public education about emergency medical care of the Japanese circulation society. Circ J. 2021;85(3):319–322. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-20-1308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAlister FA, Youngson E, Rowe BH. Elevated blood pressures are common in the emergency department but are they important? A retrospective cohort study of 30,278 adults. Ann Emerg Med. 2021;77(4):425–432. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.11.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breeman W, Poublon NA, Verhofstad MHJ, van Lieshout EMM. Safety of on-scene medical care by EMS nurses in non-transported patients: a prospective, observational study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2018;26(1):79. doi:10.1186/s13049-018-0540-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Højfeldt SG, Sørensen LP, Mikkelsen S. Emergency patients receiving anaesthesiologist-based pre-hospital treatment and subsequently released at the scene. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014;58(8):1025–1031. doi:10.1111/aas.12347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tohira H, Fatovich D, Williams TA, et al. Is it appropriate for patients to be discharged at the scene by paramedics? Prehosp Emerg Care. 2016;20(4):539–549. doi:10.3109/10903127.2015.1128028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabbaghi M, Namazinia M, Miri K. Time indices of pre-hospital EMS missions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC Emerg Med. 2023;23(1):9. doi:10.1186/s12873-023-00780-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkbuli A, Dowd B, Sanchez C, Shaikh S, Sutherland M, McKenney M. Emergency medical service transport time and trauma outcomes at an urban level 1 trauma center: evaluation of prehospital emergency medical service response. Am Surg. 2022;88(6):1090–1096. doi:10.1177/0003134820988827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmsen AMK, Giannakopoulos GF, Moerbeek PR, Jansma EP, Bonjer HJ, Bloemers FW. The influence of prehospital time on trauma patients outcome: a systematic review. Injury. 2015;46(4):602–609. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2015.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dharap SB, Kamath S, Kumar V. Does prehospital time affect survival of major trauma patients where there is no prehospital care? J Postgrad Med. 2017;63(3):169–175. doi:10.4103/0022-3859.201417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiehler J, Cognard C, Gallitelli M, et al. European recommendations on organisation of interventional care in acute stroke (EROICAS). Int J Stroke. 2016;11(6):701–716. doi:10.1177/1747493016647735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(13):1317–1329. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0804656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley EH, Herrin J, Wang Y, et al. Strategies for reducing the door-to-balloon time in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(22):2308–2320. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa063117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsh RC, Armstrong PW. It’s a matter of time: contemporary pre-hospital management of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Heart. 2005;91(12):1524–1526. doi:10.1136/hrt.2004.055616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar