Optic Nerve Avulsion: Pattern and Etiologies at a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Saudi Arabia: An 8-Year Retrospective Study

References

• Foster BS, March GA, Lucarelli MJ, et al. Optic nerve avulsion. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115(5):623–630. doi:10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150625008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mumcuoglu T, Durukan HA, Erdurman C, et al. Functional and structural analysis of partial optic nerve avulsion due to blunt trauma: case report. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2010;58(6):524–526. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.71705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts SP, Schaumberg DA, Thompson PA. Traumatic avulsion of the optic nerve. Optomet Vision Sci. 1992;69(9):721–727. doi:10.1097/00006324-199209000-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta R, Kent JS, Khan YA. Traumatic complete evulsion of the globe and optic nerve. Can J Ophthalmol. 2014;49(5):e108–e110. doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2014.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moris WR, Osborn FD, Fleming JC. Traumatic evulsion of the globe. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Sur. 2002;18(4):261–267. doi:10.1097/00002341-200207000-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirath H, Tumer B, Bilgic S. Management of traumatic luxation of the globe. a case report. Act Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77(3):340–342. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0420.1999.770319.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chia MA, Shah VH, Turner AW. Partial optic nerve avulsion: a diagnostic challenge. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2020;48(5):701–702. doi:10.1111/ceo.13740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillai SA, Mahmood MA, Limaye SR. Complete evulsion of the globe and optic nerve. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987;71(1):69–72. doi:10.1136/bjo.71.1.69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babitha V, Prasannakumary C, Ramesan E, et al. Optic nerve avulsion: a rare presentation of blunt trauma. Muller J Med Sci Res. 2017;8(2):97. doi:10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_23_17
   Google Scholar
• Mahjoub A, Sellem I, Mahjoub A, et al. Optic nerve avulsion: case report. Ann Med Surg. 2021;68:102554. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel TP, Archer EL, Trobe JD. Optic nerve avulsion after finger-poke injury. J Neuro Ophthalmol. 2018;38(1):57–59. doi:10.1097/WNO.0000000000000597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichstein D, Esmaili N, Wells T, et al. Attempted auto-enucleation in two incarcerated young men with psychosis. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2015;29(2):172–174. doi:10.1016/j.sjopt.2014.09.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arkin MS, Tubin AD, Bilyk JR, et al. Anterior chiasmal optic nerve avulsion. AJNR. 1996;17(9):1777–1781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tok L, Tok OY, Argun TC, et al. Bilateral traumatic globe luxation with optic nerve transection. Case Rep Ophthalmol. 2014;5(3):429–434. doi:10.1159/000370043
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Breazzano MP, Unkrich KH, Barker-Griffith AE. Clinicopathological findings in abusive head trauma: analysis of 110 infant autopsy eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;158(6):1146–1154. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2014.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand S, Harvey R, Sandramouli S. Accidental self-inflicted optic nerve head avulsion. Eye. 2003;17(5):646–647. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6700449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Ghadeer H, Al-Amry M, Elkhamary SM, et al. Isolated traumatic optic nerve avulsion in a boy who suffered a horse kick. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2020;34(2):134. doi:10.4103/1319-4534.305045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabatabaei SA, Soleimani M, Alizadeh M, et al. Predictive value of visual evoked potentials, relative afferent pupillary defect and orbital fractures in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:1021–1026. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S21409
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaudry IA, Shamsi FA, Al-Sharif A, et al. Optic nerve avulsion from door-handle trauma in children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(7):844–846. doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.087544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchwarld HJ, Spraul CW, Wagner P, et al. Optic nerve evulsion: meta-analysis. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 2001;218(10):635–644. doi:10.1055/s-2001-18384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simsek T, Simsek E, Ilhan B, et al. Traumatic optic nerve avulsion. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2006;43:367–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talwar D, Kumar A, Verma L, et al. Ultrasonography in optic nerve head avulsion. Acta Ophthalmol. 1991;69(1):121–123. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb02008.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaitheeswaran K, Kaur P, Garg S. Minimal invasive transcaruncular optic canal decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy. Orbit. 2014;33(6):456–458. doi:10.3109/01676830.2014.950282
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Algaeed AH, Kozak I, editors. Clinical Atlas of Ophthalmic Ultrasound. Springer; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Singh J, Goyal JL, Garg SP. Optic nerve avulsion following tip-cat injury, fluorescein angiographic and echographic features. Afr Asian J Ophthalmol. 1987;6:71–73.
   Google Scholar
• Sawhney R, Kochhar S, Gupta R, et al. Traumatic optic nerve avulsion: role of ultrasonography. Eye. 2003;17(5):667–670. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6700411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline LB, McCluskey MM, Skalka HW. Imaging techniques in optic nerve evulsion. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1988;8(4):281–282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohle R, McIsaac SM, Woo MY, et al. Sonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter for detection of raised intracranial pressure compared to computed tomography: a systemic review and meta analysis. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34(7):1285–1294. doi:10.7863/ultra.34.7.1285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard L, Ajlan R. MRI visualization of optic nerve avulsion due to ocular perforation from BB gun projectile. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2018;11:121–123. doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.06.016
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shneck M, Oshry T, Marcus M, et al. Attempted bilateral manual enucleation (gouging) during a physical assault. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(3):575–577. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01768-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meena S, Rakheja V, Sahu S, et al. Traumatic avulsion of the globe with optic nerve transection: an unusual presentation. BMJ Case Rep CP. 2020;13(10):e233148. doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-233148
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Razmjua H, Masjedi M. Traumatic bilateral globe avulsion (case report). J Res Med Sci. 2009;14(4):259–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar