Addressing Technical Failures in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program

References

• Singer ME, Dorrance KA, Oxenreiter MM, Yan KR, Close KL. The type 2 diabetes “modern preventable pandemic” and replicable lessons from the COVID-19 crisis. Prev Med Reports. 2022;25. doi:10.1016/J.PMEDR.2021.101636
   Google Scholar
• Estil S, Steinarsson AE, Einarsson S, Aspelund T, Stefánsson E. Diabetic eye screening with variable screening intervals based on individual risk factors is safe and effective in ophthalmic practice. Acta Ophthalmol. 2020;98(4):343–346. doi:10.1111/AOS.14425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liew G, Michaelides M, Bunce C. A comparison of the causes of blindness certifications in England and Wales in working age adults (16-64 years), 1999-2000 with 2009-2010. BMJ Open. 2014;4(2):1–6. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey R, Morgan MM, Murphy C, et al. Irish National Diabetic RetinaScreen Programme: report on five rounds of retinopathy screening and screen-positive referrals. (INDEAR study report no. 1). Br J Ophthalmol. 2022;106(3):409–414. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin J, Yu L, Weng Q, Zheng X. Retinal image quality assessment for diabetic retinopathy screening: a survey. Multimed Tools Appl. 2020;79:16173–16199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diabetic RetinaScreen. Standards for Quality Assurance in Diabetic RetinaScreen. Dublin; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Scanlon PH. The English National Screening Programme for diabetic retinopathy 2003–2016. Acta Diabetol. 2017;54(6):515–525. doi:10.1007/S00592-017-0974-1/TABLES/5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Screening Service Quality Assurance Committee for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening. Standards for Quality Assurance in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening. Dublin: Ireland; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Murgatroyd H, Cox A, Ellingford A, Ellis JD, MacEwen CJ, Leese GP. Can we predict which patients are at risk of having an ungradeable digital image for screening for diabetic retinopathy? Eye. 2008;22(3):344–348. doi:10.1038/SJ.EYE.6702611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanlon PH, Malhotra R, Thomas G, et al. The effectiveness of screening for diabetic retinopathy by digital imaging photography and technician ophthalmoscopy. Diabet Med. 2003;20(6):467–474. doi:10.1046/J.1464-5491.2003.00954.X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rico-Sergado L, Pérez-Canales JL, Pérez-Santonja JJ. Effect of visual impairment on teleretinal imaging for diabetic retinopathy screening. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retin. 2016;47(1):42–48. doi:10.3928/23258160-20151214-06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanclerz P, Tuuminen R, Khoramnia R. Imaging Modalities Employed in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: a Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics. 2021;11:1802. doi:10.3390/DIAGNOSTICS11101802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanlon PH, Foy C, Malhotra R, Aldington SJ. The influence of age, duration of diabetes, cataract, and pupil size on image quality in digital photographic retinal screening. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(10):2448–2453. doi:10.2337/DIACARE.28.10.2448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton AM UMPP. Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy. In: Editors. Management of Diabetic Retinopathy. London:: BMJ Publishing G; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly SR, Loiselle AR, Pandey R, et al. Factors associated with non-attendance in the Irish national diabetic retinopathy screening programme (INDEAR study report no. 2). Acta Diabetol. 2021;58(5):643–650. doi:10.1007/s00592-021-01671-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murgatroyd H, Ellingford A, Cox A, et al. Effect of mydriasis and different field strategies on digital image screening of diabetic eye disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(7):920. doi:10.1136/BJO.2003.026385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piyasena MMPN, Murthy GVS, Yip JLY, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy of detection of any level of diabetic retinopathy using digital retinal imaging. Syst Rev. 2018;7(1):1–18. doi:10.1186/S13643-018-0846-Y/TABLES/4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Working Group on Traffic Medicine. Report on Medical Fitness to Drive Standards 2016. Dublin; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Cahill M, Eustace P, De Jesus V. Pupillary autonomic denervation with increasing duration of diabetes mellitus. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85(10):1225–1230. doi:10.1136/BJO.85.10.1225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Screening Service Clinical Advisory Group. Use of Phenylephrine on the Diabetic RetinaScreen Programme. Dublin; 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Silva PS, Horton MB, Clary D, et al. Identification of Diabetic Retinopathy and Ungradable Image Rate with Ultrawide Field Imaging in a National Teleophthalmology Program. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(6):1360–1367. doi:10.1016/J.OPHTHA.2016.01.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva PS, Cavallerano JD, Tolls D, et al. Potential efficiency benefits of nonmydriatic ultrawide field retinal imaging in an ocular telehealth diabetic retinopathy program. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(1):50–55. doi:10.2337/DC13-1292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raumviboonsuk P, Krause J, Chotcomwongse P, et al. Deep learning versus human graders for classifying diabetic retinopathy severity in a nationwide screening program. NPJ Digit Med. 2019;2:25. doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0099-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor DJ, Goatman KA, Gregory A, Mark Histed CN, Martin TJW. Image-quality standardization for diabetic retinopathy screening. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2009;4(5):469–476. doi:10.1586/eop.09.39
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Collaborative. Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Service Annual Report 2018/19. Inverness; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Mellor J, Jiang W, Fleming A, et al. Can deep learning on retinal images augment known risk factors for cardiovascular disease prediction in diabetes? A prospective cohort study from the national screening programme in Scotland. Int J Med Inform. 2023:175. doi:10.1016/J.IJMEDINF.2023.105072
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diabetic eye screening: guidance when adequate images cannot be taken - GOV.UK. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/diabetic-eye-screening-pathway-for-images-and-where-images-cannot-be-taken/diabetic-eye-screening-guidance-when-adequate-images-cannot-be-taken. Accessed August 26, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Looker HC, Nyangoma SO, Cromie DT, et al. Predicted impact of extending the screening interval for diabetic retinopathy: the Scottish Diabetic Retinopathy Screening programme. Diabetologia. 2013;56(8):1716. doi:10.1007/S00125-013-2928-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez J, Hernandez-Bogantes E, Wu L. Diabetic retinopathy screening using single-field digital fundus photography at a district level in Costa Rica: a pilot study. Int Ophthalmol. 2011;31(2):83–88. doi:10.1007/S10792-010-9413-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salongcay RP, Martin C, Jacoba P, et al. One-field, two-field and five-field handheld retinal imaging compared with standard seven-field Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study photography for diabetic retinopathy screening. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023;1:1–7. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2022-321849
   Google Scholar
• Ruamviboonsuk P, Tiwari R, Sayres R, et al. Real-time diabetic retinopathy screening by deep learning in a multisite national screening programme: a prospective interventional cohort study. Lancet Digit Heal. 2022;4(4):e235–e244. doi:10.1016/S2589-7500(22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dai L, Wu L, Li H, et al. A deep learning system for detecting diabetic retinopathy across the disease spectrum. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):3242. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23458-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijden AA, Abramoff MD, Verbraak F, van Hecke MV, Liem A, Nijpels G. Validation of automated screening for referable diabetic retinopathy with the IDx-DR device in the Hoorn Diabetes Care System. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96(1):63–68. doi:10.1111/aos.13613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulus JK, Dahabreh IJ, Balk EM, Avendano EE, Lau J, Ip S. Opportunities and challenges in using studies without a control group in comparative effectiveness reviews. Res Synth Methods. 2014;5(2):152–161. doi:10.1002/JRSM.1101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushley LN, Quinn NB, Blows P, McKeever E, Peto T. The Integration of Diabetic Eye Screening into Hemodialysis Units in Northern Ireland. Kidney360. 2022;3(9):1542–1544. doi:10.34067/KID.0001802022
   PubMedGoogle Scholar