References
- Flay B R. Psychosocial approaches to smoking prevention: A review of findings. Health Psychol 1985; 4: 449–88
- Johnston L D., O'Malley P M., Bachman J G. Use of licit and illicit drugs by America's high school students 1975–1984. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1985, National Institute on Drug Abuse. DHHS Publ. No. (ADM) 85–1394
- Office of Smoking and Health. The health consequences of smoking: cancer. A report of the Surgeon General. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1982, USDHEW, Public Health Service, DHHS (PHS) 82–50179
- Office of Smoking and Health. The health consequences of smoking: cardiovascular disease. A report of the Surgeon General. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1983, USDHEW, Public Health Service, DHHS (PHS) 84–50204
- Friedman L S., Lichtenstein E, Biglan A. Smoking onset among teens: An empirical analysis of initial situations. Addict Behav 1985; 10: 1–13
- Johnson C A. Prevention in adolescence: initiation and cessation. The health consequences of smoking: cancer. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1982, A report of the Surgeon General. DHHS (PHS) Publ. No. 82–40179
- Green D E. Teenage smoking: Immediate and long-term patterns. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1979, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
- Wilcox N S., Prochaska J O., Velicer W F. Subject characteristics as predictors of self-change in smoking. Addict Behav 1985; 10(4)407–12
- Hansen W B., Collins L M., Johnson C A., Graham J W. Self-initiated smoking cessation among high school students. Addict Behav 1985; 10(3)265–71
- Skinner W B., Massey J L., Krohn M D., Lauer R M. Social influences and constraints on the initiation and cessation of adolescent tobacco use. J Behav Med 1983; 8: 353–76
- Nolte A E., Smith B J., O'Rourke T. The relative importance of parental attitudes and behaviour upon youth smoking behavior. J Sch Health 1983; 53: 264–71
- Wake F R., Sparks A C., Ellis R. Urban-rural smoking patterns in grade 7 children: The implications for health education. Can J Public Health 1977; 68: 27–8
- Laoye J A., Creswell W H., Stone D B. A cohort study of 1205 secondary school smokers. J Sch Health 1972; 42: 48–52
- Pechacek T F., Murray D M., Leupker R V., Mittelmark M B., Johnson C A., Shultz J M. Measurement of adolescent smoking behavior: Rationale methods. J Behav Med 1984; 7: 123–40
- Luepker R V., Pechacek T F., Murray D M., Johnson C A., Hund F, Jacobs D R. Salvia thiocyanate: A chemical indicator of cigarette smoking in adolescents. Am J Public Health 1981; 71: 1320–4
- Evans R I., Hansen W B., Mittelmark M B. Increasing the validity of self-reports of smoking behavior in children. J Appl Psychol 1977; 62: 521–3
- Murray D M., Perry C P. The measurement of substance use among adolescents: When is the ‘bogus pipeline’ method needed?. Addict Behav 1987; 12: 225–33
- Mittelmark M B., Murray D M., Luepker R V., Pechacek T P., Pirie P L., Pallonen U E. Predicting experimentation with cigarettes: The Childhood Antecedents of Smoking Study. Am J Public Health 1987; 77: 206–8
- BMDP statistical software, W Dixon. University of California Press, Berkeley 1983
- Murray D M. Mimeograph, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health. University of Minnesota. 1986
- Pallonen U E. Prevention of smoking onset among an East Finland adolescent population. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Minnesota. 1986
- Cronbach L. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrica 1951; 16: 297–334