Concentrated ambient fine particles and not ozone induce a systemic interleukin-6 response in humans

References

• American Thoracic Society. 1995. Standardization of Spirometry. 1994 Update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152:1107–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell ML, McDermott A, Zeger SL, Samet JM, Dominici F. 2004. Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities 1987–2000. J Am Med Assoc, 292:2372–2378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell ML, Dominici F, Samet JM. 2005. A meta-analysis of time-series studies of ozone and mortality with comparison to the national morbidity mortality and air pollution study. Epidemiology, 16:436–445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell ML, Kim JY, Dominici F. 2007. Potential confounding of particulate matter on the short-term association between ozone and mortality in multisite time-series studies. Environ Health Perspect, 115:1591–1595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook RD, Brook JR, Urch B, Vincent R, Rajagopalan S, Silverman F. 2002. Inhalation of fine particulate air pollution and ozone causes acute arterial vasoconstriction in healthy adults. Circulation, 105:1534–1536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook RD, Franklin B, Cascio W, Hong Y, Howard G, Lipsett M, Luepker R, Mittleman M, Samet J, Smith SC Jr, Tager I. 2004. Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association. Circulation, 109:2655–2671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett RT, Cakmak S, Brook JR. 1998. The effect of the urban ambient air pollution mix on daily mortality rates in 11 Canadian cities. Can J Public Health, 89:152–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delfino RJ, Staimer N, Tjoa T, Polidori A, Arhami M, Gillen DL, Kleinman MT, Vaziri ND, Longhurst J, Zaldivar F, Sioutas C. 2008. Circulating biomarkers of inflammation antioxidant activity and platelet activation are associated with primary combustion aerosols in subjects with coronary artery disease. Environ Health Perspect, 116:898–906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devlin RB, McKinnon KP, Noah T, Becker S, Koren HS. 1994. Ozone-induced release of cytokines and fibronectin by alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol, 266:L612–L619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dockery DW, Pope CA III. 1994. Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution. Annu Rev Public Health, 15:107–132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dockery DW. 2001. Epidemiologic evidence of cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution. Environ Health Perspect, 109(Suppl 4):483-486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominici F, Peng RD, Bell ML, Pham L, McDermott A, Zeger SL, Samet JM. 2006. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. J Am Med Assoc, 295:1127–1134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubowsky SD, Suh H, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Gold DR. 2006. Diabetes obesity and hypertension may enhance associations between air pollution and markers of systemic inflammation. Environ Health Perspect, 114:992–998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay WH, Martin AR. 2008. Recent advances in predictive understanding of respiratory tract deposition. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv, 21:189–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghio AJ, Hall A, Bassett MA, Cascio WE, Devlin RB. 2003. Exposure to concentrated ambient air particles alters hematologic indices in humans. Inhal Toxicol, 15:1465–1478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghio AJ, Huang YC. 2004. Exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs): A review. Inhal Toxicol, 16:53–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong H Jr, Sioutas C, Linn WS. 2003. Controlled exposures of healthy and asthmatic volunteers to concentrated ambient particles in metropolitan Los Angeles. Res Rep Health Eff Inst, 118:1-36.
   Google Scholar
• Hankinson JL, Odencrantz JR, Fedan KB. 1999. Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159:179–187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazucha MJ, Bates DV, Bromberg PA. 1989. Mechanism of action of ozone on the human lung. J Appl Physiol, 67:1535–1541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyder J, Armbruster L, Gebhart J, Grein E, Stahlhofen W. 1975. Total deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract for nose and mouth breathing. J Aerosol Sci, 6:311–328
   Google Scholar
• Kim CS, Hu SC. 2006. Total respiratory tract deposition of fine micrometer-sized particles in healthy adults: Empirical equations for sex and breathing pattern. J Appl Physiol, 101:401–412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laden F, Schwartz J, Speizer FE, Dockery DW. 2006. Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality: Extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 173:667–672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee LY, Widdicombe JG. 2001. Modulation of airway sensitivity to inhaled irritants: Role of inflammatory mediators. Environ Health Perspect, 109(Suppl 4) 585-589
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Leech JA, Urch RB, Silverman FS. 1997. In vivo salicylate hydroxylation: a potential biomarker for assessing acute ozone exposure and effects in humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 156:1405–1412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Leech JA, Urch RB, Poon R, Zimmerman B, Kubay JM, Silverman F. 1999. A comparison of biomarkers of ozone exposure in human plasma nasal lavage and sputum. Inhal Toxicol, 11:657–674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaels RA, Kleinman MT. 2000. Incidence and apparent health significance of brief airborne particle excursions. Aerosol Sci Technol, 32:93–105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passannante AN, Hazucha MJ, Bromberg PA, Seal E, Folinsbee L, Koch G. 1998. Nociceptive mechanisms modulate ozone-induced human lung function decrements. J Appl Physiol, 85:1863–1870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrovic S, Urch B, Brook J, Datema J, Purdham J, Liu L, Lukic Z, Zimmerman B, Tofler G, Downar E, Corey P, Tarlo S, Broder I, Dales R, Silverman F. 2000. Cardiorespiratory effects of concentrated ambient PM2.5: A pilot study using controlled human exposures. Inhal Toxicol, 12(Suppl 1):173–188
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pizzichini E, Pizzichini MM, Efthimiadis A, Hargreave FE, Dolovich J. 1996. Measurement of inflammatory indices in induced sputum: effects of selection of sputum to minimize salivary contamination. Eur Respir J, 9:1174–1180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romieu I, Meneses F, Ruiz S, Sienra JJ, Huerta J, White MC, Etzel RA. 1996. Effects of air pollution on the respiratory health of asthmatic children living in Mexico City. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154:300–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rückerl R, Greven S, Ljungman P, Aalto P, Antoniades C, Bellander T, Berglind N, Chrysohoou C, Forastiere F, Jacquemin B, von Klot S, Koenig W, Küchenhoff H, Lanki T, Pekkanen J, Perucci CA, Schneider A, Sunyer J, Peters A. 2007. Air pollution and inflammation (interleukin-6 C-reactive protein fibrinogen) in myocardial infarction survivors. Environ Health Perspect, 115:1072–1080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samet J, Krewski D. 2007. Health effects associated with exposure to ambient air pollution. J Toxicol Environ Health A, 70:227–242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarnat JA, Schwartz J, Catalano PJ, Suh HH. 2001. Gaseous pollutants in particulate matter epidemiology: confounders or surrogates? Environ Health Perspect, 109:1053–1061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarnat JA, Brown KW, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Koutrakis P. 2005. Ambient gas concentrations and personal particulate matter exposures: Implications for studying the health effects of particles. Epidemiology 16:385–395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz J. 2001. Air pollution and blood markers of cardiovascular risk Environ Health Perspect, 109(Suppl 3):405–409
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz J, Dockery DW, Neas LM. 1996. Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles? J Air Waste Manag Assoc 46:927–939
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sioutas C, Koutrakis P, Godleski JJ, Ferguson ST, Kim CS, Burton RM. 1997. Fine particle concentrators for inhalation exposures—Effect of particle size and composition. J Aerosol Sci, 28:1057–1071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streets DG, Fu JS, Jang CJ, Hao J, He K, Tang X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wang L, Wang B, Yu C. 2007. Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Atmosph Environ, 41:480–92
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan WC, Qiu D, Liam BL, Ng TP, Lee SH, van Eeden SF, D’Yachkova Y, Hogg JC. 2000. The human bone marrow response to acute air pollution caused by forest fires. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161:1213–1217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ultman JS, Ben-Jebria A, Arnold SF. 2004. Uptake distribution of ozone in human lungs: Intersubject variability in physiologic response. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 125:1–23
   Google Scholar
• Urch B, Brook JR, Wasserstein D, Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Corey P, Silverman F. 2004. Relative contributions of PM2.5 chemical constituents to acute arterial vasoconstriction in humans. Inhal Toxicol, 16:345–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urch B, Silverman F, Corey P, Brook JR, Lukic KZ, Rajagopalan S, Brook RD. 2005. Acute blood pressure responses in healthy adults during controlled air pollution exposures. Environ Health Perspect, 113:1052–1055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Eeden SF, Tan WC, Suwa T, Mukae H, Terashima T, Fujii T, Qui D, Vincent R, Hogg JC. 2001. Cytokines involved in the systemic inflammatory response induced by exposure to particulate matter air pollutants (PM10). Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164:826–830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar