Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 22, 2010 - Issue 6
154
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Comparative effects of insect repellent N,N-diethylbenzamide, N,N-diethylphenylacetamide, and N,N-diethyl-3- methylbenzamide aerosols on the breathing pattern and respiratory variables in mice

, , , &
Pages 469-478 | Received 11 Sep 2009, Accepted 02 Nov 2009, Published online: 13 Apr 2010

References

  • Alarie Y. 1966. Irritating properties of airborne materials to the upper respiratory tract. Arch Environ Health 13:433–449.
  • Alarie Y, Schaper M, Nielsen GD, Abraham MH. 1998. Structure–activity relationships of volatile organic compounds as sensory irritants. Arch. Toxicol 72:125–140.
  • Bhattacherjee AK, Gupta RK, Ma D, Karle JM. 2000. Molecular similarity analysis between insect juvenile hormone and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) analogs may aid design of novel insect repellents. J. Mol. Recog 13:213–220.
  • Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, eds. 2007. Insect Repellents—Principles, Methods and Uses. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of pesticide Regulation, 2000. N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) Risk Characterization Document
  • Doty RL, Cometto-Muniz JE, Jalowayski AA, Dalton P, Kendal-Reed M, Hodgson M. 2004. Assessment of upper respiratory react and ocular irritative effects of volatile chemicals in humans. Crit. Rev. Toxicol 34:85–142.
  • Goodyer L, Behrens RH. 1998. Short report: The safety and toxicity of insect repellents. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg 59:323–324.
  • Green NPO,Taylor DJ,Stout GW. 1997. Biological Science. 3rd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 65–70.
  • Gubler DJ, Kuno G, eds. 1997. Dengue and Dengue hemorrhagic fever. London: CAB International.
  • Kalyansundaram M. 1982. A preliminary report on the synthesis and testing of mosquito repellents. Ind. J. Med. Res 76:190–194.
  • Kalyansundaram M, Srinivasan R, Subramanian S, Panicker KN. 1994. Relative potency of DEPA as a repellent against the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi. Med. Vet. Entomol 8:68–70.
  • Kautner I, Robinson MJ, Kuhnle U. 1997. Dengue virus infection. J. Pediatr 131:516–524.
  • Kulkarni GK. 2002. Skin reaction due to N,N-diethylbenzamide. Ind. J. Occup. Environ. Med 6:75–76.
  • Kumar S, Prakash S, Sharma RK, Jain SK, Kalyanasundaram M, Swamy RV, Rao KM. 1984. Field evaluation of three repellents against mosquitoes black flies and land leeches. Ind. J. Med. Res 80:541–545.
  • McCabe ET, Barthel WF, Gertler SI, Hall SA. 1954. Insect repellents. III. N,N-diethylamides. J. Org. Chem. 19:493–498.
  • Merck Patent GMBH. 2007. Insect repellent mixtures. WO/2007/079822.
  • Meshram GP, Rao KM. 1988. N,N-diethylphenylacetamide, an insect repellent: Absence of mutagenic response in the in vitro Ames test and in vivo mouse micronucleus test. Food. Chem. Toxicol 26:791–796.
  • Nielsen GD. 1991. Mechanisms of activation of the sensory irritant receptor by airborne chemicals. Crit. Rev. Toxicol 21:183–208.
  • Nielsen GD, Peder W, Alarie Y. 2007. Sensory irritation: Risk assessment approaches. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol 48:6–18.
  • Osimitz TG, Murphy JV. 1997. Neurological effects associated with the use of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol 35:435–441.
  • Prakash S,Vijayaraghavan R,Sekhar K. 2007. DEPA: Efficacy, safety, and use of N,N-diethylphenylacetamide, a multi insect repellent. 2007. In:Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, eds. Insect Repellents—Principles, Methods and Uses Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 341–345.
  • Raabe OG,Yeh H, Newton GJ,Phalen RF,Velasquez DJ. 1977. Deposition of inhaled monodisperse aerosols in small rodents. In: Inhaled Particles IV New York: Pergamon Press, 23–33.
  • Rao SS, Prakash S, Rao KM. 1988. Blood biochemical changes induced by insect repellent N,N-diethylphenylacetamide in rats. Ind. J. Med. Res 88:76–84.
  • Rao SS, Vijayaraghavan R, Suryanarayana MVS, Ramachandran PK. 1989. Gas-chromatographic identification of urinary metabolites of insect repellent N,N-diethylphenylacetamide on inhalation exposure in rats. J. Chromatogr 493:210–216.
  • Rao SS,Swamy RV,Raghuveeran CD, Agarwal MK, Shri Prakash, Rao KM, Ramachandran PK. 1990. Recent work on insect repellent N,N-diethylphenylacetamide: Insect and mammalian toxicity and metabolic aspects. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Entomology for Defence Services. Gwalior, India, 12–14 September, 1990, pp. 147–158.
  • Suryanarayana MVS, Pandey KS, Prakash S, Raghuveeran CD, Dangi RSS, Swamy R.V, Rao K.M. 1991. Structure activity telationship studies with mosquito repellent amides. J. Pharmacol. Sc 80:1055–1057.
  • United States Patent. 1999. Insect repellent composition and method for inhibiting the transmission and treatment of symptoms of vector-borne diseases. United States Patent.number 5965137.
  • Vijayaraghavan R, Rao SS, Suryanarayana MVS, Swamy RV. 1991. Acute and subacute inhalation toxicity studies of a new broad spectrum insect repellent N,N-diethylphenylacetamide. Toxicology 67:85–96.
  • Vijayaraghavan R, Schaper M, Thompson R, Stock MF, Alarie Y. 1993. Characteristic modifications of the breathing pattern of mice to evaluate the effects of airborne chemicals on the respiratory tract. Arch. Toxicol 67:478–490.
  • Vijayaraghavan R, Schaper M, Thompson R, Stock MF, Boylstein LA, Luo GE, Alarie Y. 1994. Computer assisted recognition and quantification of the effects of airborne chemicals acting at different areas of respiratory tract in mice. Arch. Toxicol 68:490–499.
  • Weil CS, Gad SC. 1989. Statistics for toxicologists. In:Hayes AW, ed. Principles and Methods of Toxicology New York: Raven Press, 647–667.
  • World Health Organization. 2008. World Health Report, 2008. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Young GD, Evans S. 1998. Safety and efficacy of DEET and permethrin in the prevention of arthropod attack. Mil. Med 163:324–330.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.