Inflammation and tissue damage in mouse lung by single and repeated dosing of urban air coarse and fine particles collected from six European cities

References

• Adamson IYR, Prieditis H, Vincent R. 1999. Pulmonary toxicity of an atmospheric particulate sample is due to the soluble fraction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 157:43–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamson IYR, Prieditis H, Vincent R. 2004. Soluble and insoluble air particle fractions induce differential production of tumor necrosis factor α in rat lung. Exp. Lung Res 30:355–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexis NE, Lay JC, Zeman K, Bennett WE, Peden DB, Soukup JM, Devlin RB, Becker S. 2006. Biological material on inhaled coarse fraction particulate matter activates airway phagocytes in vivo healthy volunteers. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol117:1396–1403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson HR, Atkinson RW, Peacock JL, Marston L, Konstantinou K. 2004. Meta-analysis of time series studies and panel studies of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3). Report EUR/04/5042688 of a WHO task group. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Becher R, Hetland RB, Refsnes M, Dahl JE, Dahlman HJ, Schwarze PE. 2001. Rat lung inflammatory responses after in vivo and in vitro exposure to various stone particles. Inhal. Toxicol 13:789–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker S, Soukup JM, Sioutas C, Cassee FR. 2003. Response of human alveolar macrophages to ultrafine fine and coarse urban air pollution particles. Exp. Lung Res 29:29–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunekreef B, Forsberg B. 2005. Epidemiological evidence of effects of coarse airborne particles on health. Eur. Respir. J 26:309–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett RT, Brook J, Dann T, Delocla C, Philips O, Goldberg MS, Krewski D. 2000. Association between particulate- and gas-phase components of urban air pollution and daily mortality in eight Canadian cities. Inhal. Toxicol 12(Suppl 4):15–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clancy L, Goodman P, Sinclair H, Dockery DW. 2002. Effect of air-pollution control on death rates in Dublin, Ireland: An intervention study. Lancet 360:1210–1214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa DL, Lehmann JR, Winsett D, Richards J, Ledbetter AD, Dreher KL. 2006. Comparative pulmonary toxicological assessment of oil combustion particles following inhalation or instillation exposure. Toxicol. Sci 91:237–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air. Official Journal L 23, 26/01/2005.
   Google Scholar
• Driscoll KE, Costa DL, Hatch G, Henderson R, Oberdörster G, Salem H, Schlesinger RB. 2000. Intratracheal instillation as an exposure technique for the evaluation of respiratory tract toxicity: Uses and limitations. Toxicol. Sci 55:24–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye JA, Lehmann JR, McGee JK, Winsett DW, Ledbetter AD, Everitt JI, Ghio AJ, Costa DL. 2001. Acute pulmonary toxicity of particulate matter filter extracts in rats: Coherence with epidemiological studies in Utah valley residents. Environ. Health Perspect 109:395–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frampton MW, Ghio AJ, Samet JM, Carson JL, Carter JD, Devlin RB. 1999. Effects of aqueous extracts of PM10 filters from the Utah Valley on human airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Mol. Physiol 277:L960–L967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavett SH, Madison SL Dreher KL, Winsett DW, McGee JK, Costa DL. 1997. Metal and sulfate composition of residual oil fly ash determines airway hyperreactivity and lung injury in rats. Environ. Res 72:162–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Boere AJF, Leseman DLAC, Dormans JAMA, Sandström T, Salonen RO, van Bree L, Cassee FR. 2005. Effects of particulate matter on the pulmonary and vascular system: Time course in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2(1):2. Available at: http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/2/1/2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Dormans JAMA, Bloemen HJT, Leseman DLAC, Boere AJF, Kelly FJ, Mudway IS, Jimenez AA, Donaldson K, Guastadisegni C, Janssen NAH, Brunekreef B, Sandström T, van Bree L, Cassee FR. 2007. Toxicity of coarse and fine particulate matter from sites with contrasting traffic profiles. Inhal. Toxicol 19:1055–1069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Rummelhard M, Boere AJF, Leseman DLAC, Duffin R, Schins PF, Borm JA, Sillanpää M, Salonen RO, Cassee FR. 2009. Particle induced toxicity in relation to transition metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents. Environ. Sci. Technol 43(13):4729-36.
   Google Scholar
• Ghio AJ. 2004. Biological effects of Utah Valley ambient air particles in humans: A review. J. Aerosol. Med 17:157–164.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghio AJ, Devlin RB. 2001. Inflammatory lung injury after bronchial instillation of air pollution particles. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med 164:704–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghio AJ, Kennedy TP, Whorton AR, Crumbliss AL, Hatch GE, Hoidal JR. 1992. Role of surface complexed iron in oxidant generation and lung inflammation induced by silicates. Am. J. Physiol 263:511–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happo MS, Salonen RO, Hälinen AI, Jalava PI, Pennanen AS, Kosma VM, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Brunekreef B, Katsouyanni K, Sunyer J, Hirvonen M-R. 2007. Dose- and time dependency of inflammatory responses in the mouse lung to urban air coarse, fine and ultrafine particles from six European cities. Inhal. Toxicol 19:227–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happo MS, Hirvonen M-R, Hälinen AI, Jalava PI, Pennanen AS, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Salonen RO. 2008. Chemical compositions responsible for inflammation and tissue damage in the mouse lung by coarse and fine particulate samples from contrasting air pollution in Europe. Inhal. Toxicol 20:1–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happo MS, Hirvonen M-R, Hälinen AI, Jalava PI, Pennanen AS, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Salonen RO. 2010. Seasonal variation in chemical composition of size-segregated urban air particles and the inflammatory activity in the mouse lung. Inhal. Toxicol 22(1):17-32.
   Google Scholar
• Hetland RB, Refsnes M, Myran T, Johansen BV, Uthus B, Schwarze PE. 2000. Mineral and/or metal content as critical determinants of particle-induced release of IL-6 and IL-8 from A549 cells. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 60:47–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Goldbohm S, Fischer P, van den Brandt P. A. 2002. Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in Netherlands: A cohort study. Lancet 360:1203–1209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander A, Heederik D, Versloot P, Douwes J. 1993. Inhibition and enhancement in the analysis of airborne endotoxin levels in various occupational environments. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J 54:647–653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holopainen M, Hirvonen M-R, Komulainen H, Klockars M. 2004. Effect of shape of mica particles on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in mouse macrophages. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 2:91–98.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchison GR, Brown DM, Hibbs LR, Heal MR, Donaldson K, Maynard RL, Monaghan M, Nicholl A, Stone V. 2005. The effect of refurbishing a UK steel plant on PM10 metal composition and ability to induce inflammation. Respir. Res 6:43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava P, Salonen RO, Hälinen AI, Sillanpää M, Sandell E, Hirvonen M-R. 2005. Effects of sample preparation on chemistry, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory responses induced by air particulate matter. Inhal. Toxicol 17:107–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava PI, Salonen RO, Hälinen AI, Penttinen P, Pennanen AS, Sillanpää M, Sandell E, Hillamo R, Hirvonen M-R. 2006. In vitro inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of size-segregated particulate samples collected during long-range transport of wildfire smoke to Helsinki. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 215:341–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava PI, Salonen RO, Pennanen AS, Sillanpää M, Hälinen AI, Happo MS, Hillamo R, Brunekreef B, Katsouyanni K, Sunyer J, Hirvonen M-R. 2007. Heterogeneities in inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to urban air coarse fine and ultrafine particles from six European sampling campaigns. Inhal. Toxicol 19:213–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava PI, Salonen RO, Pennanen AS, Happo MS, Penttinen P, Hälinen AI, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Hirvonen M-R. 2008. Effects of solubility of urban air fine and coarse particles on cytotoxic and inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 229:146–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava PI, Hirvonen M-R, Sillanpää M, Pennanen AS, Happo MS, Hillamo R, Cassee FR, Gerlofs-Nijland M, Borm PJA, Schins RPF, Janssen NAH, Salonen RO. 2009. Sources and chemical composition responsible for the inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of urban air particles. Inhal. Toxicol 21(12): 994-1006.
   Google Scholar
• Janssen NAH, Brunekreef B, van Vliet P, Aarts F, Meliefste K, Harssema H, Fischer P. 2003. The relationship between air pollution from heavy traffic and allergic sensitization bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and respiratory symptoms in Dutch schoolchildren. Environ. Health Perspect 111:1512–1518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jussila J, Komulainen H, Huttunen K, Roponen M, Hälinen A, Hyvärinen A, Kosma V-M, Pelkonen J, Hirvonen M-R. 2001. Inflammatory responses in mice after intratracheal instillation of spores of Streptomyces californicus isolated from indoor air of moldy building. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 171:61–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsouyanni K, Touloumi G, Samoli E, Gryparis A, Le Tertre A, Monopolis Y, Rossi G, Zmirou D, Ballester F, Boumghar A, Anderson H.R, Wojtyniak B, Paldy A, Braunstein R, Pekkanen J, Schindler C, Schwartz J. 2001. Confounding and effect modification in the short-term effects of ambient particles on total mortality: Results from 29 European cities within the APHEA2 project. Epidemiology 12:521–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong L-Y, Luster MI, Dixon D, O’Grady J, Rosenthal GJ. 1994. Inhibition of lung immunity after intratracheal instillation of benzo(a)pyrene. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med 150:1123–1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanki T, de Hartog JJ, Heinrich J, Hoek G, Janssen NAH, Peters A, Stölzel M, Timonen KL, Vallius M, Vanninen E, Pekkanen J. 2006. Can we identify sources of fine particles responsible for exercise-induced ischemia on days with elevated air pollution? The ULTRA study. Environ. Health Perspect 114:655–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metzger KM, Tolbert PE, Klein M, Peel JL, Flanders WD, Todd K, Mulholland JA, Ryan PB, Frumkin H. 2004. Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular emergency department visits. Epidemiology 15:46–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakkanen TA, Loukkola K, Korhonen CH, Aurela M, Mäkelä T, Hillamo RE, Aarnio P, Koskentalo T, Kousa A, Maenhaut W. 2001. Sources and chemical composition of atmospheric fine and coarse particles in the Helsinki area. Atmos. Environ 35:5381–5391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennanen AS, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Quass U, John AC, Branis M, Hůnová I, Meliefste K, Janssen NAH, Koskentalo T, Castaño-Vinyals G, Bouso L, Chalbot M-C, Kavouras IG, Salonen RO. 2007. Performance of a high-volume cascade impactor in six European urban environments: Mass measurement and chemical characterization of size-segregated particulate samples. Sci. Total. Environ 374:297–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penttinen P, Vallius M, Tiittanen P, Ruuskanen J, Pekkanen J. 2006. Source-specific fine particles in urban air and respiratory function among adult asthmatics. Inhal. Toxicol 18:191–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope CA, Dockery DW. 2006. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc 56:709–742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice TM, Clarke RW, Godleski JJ, Al-Mutairi E, Jiang N-F, Hauser R, Paulauskis JD. 2001. Differential ability of transition metals to induce pulmonary inflammation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 177:46–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saarnio K, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Sandell E, Pennanen AS, Salonen RO. 2008. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in size-segregated particulate matter from six urban sites in Europe. Atmos. Environ 42:9087–9097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salonen RO, Hälinen AI, Pennanen AS, Hirvonen M-R, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Shi T, Borm P, Sandell E, Koskentalo T, Aarnio P. 2004. Chemical and in vitro toxicologic characterization of wintertime and springtime urban-air particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 μm in Helsinki. Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health 2:80–90.
   Google Scholar
• Samoli E, Analitis A, Toulomi G, Schwartz J, Anderson HR, Sunyer J, Bisanti L, Zmirou D, Vonk JM, Pekkanen J, Goodman P, Paldy A, Schindler C, Katsouyanni K. 2005. Estimating the exposure-response relationships between particulate matter and mortality within the APHEA multicity project. Environ. Health Perspect 113:88–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandell E, Kiviranta A, Tuominen J, Aarnio P. 1999. Concentration levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air in Finland. Fresenius Environ Bull 8:567–575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schins RPF, Lightbody JH, Borm PJA, Shi T, Donaldson K, Stone V. 2004. Inflammatory effects of coarse and fine particulate matter in relation to chemical and biological constituents. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 195:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger RB, Cassee F. 2003. Atmospheric secondary inorganic particulate matter: The toxicological perspective as a basis for health effects risk assessment. Inhal. Toxicol 15:197–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Mäkelä T, Pennanen AS, Salonen RO. 2003. Field and laboratory tests of a high volume cascade impactor. J. Aerosol. Sci 34:485–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sillanpää M, Frey A, Hillamo R, Pennanen AS, Salonen RO. 2005 Organic elemental and inorganic carbon in particulate matter of six urban environments in Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys 5:2869–2879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Saarikoski S, Frey A, Pennanen A, Makkonen U, Spolnik Z, Van Grieken R, Braniš M, Brunekreef B, Chalbot M-C, Kuhlbusch T, Sunyer J, Kerminen V-M, Kulmala M, Salonen RO. 2006. Chemical composition and mass closure of particulate matter at six urban sites in Europe. Atmos. Environ 40(Suppl 2):212–223.
   Google Scholar
• Squadrito GL, Cueto R, Dellinger B, Pryor WA. 2001. Quinoid redox cycling as a mechanism for sustained free radical generation by inhaled airborne matter. Free Radic. Biol. Med 31:1132–1138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steerenberg PA, Withagen CET, van Daalen WJ, Dormans JAMA, Cassee FR, Heisterkamp SH, van Loveren H. 2004. Adjuvant activity of ambient particulate matter of different sites sizes and seasons in a respiratory allergy mouse model. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 200:186–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teinilä K, Kerminen V-M, Hillamo R. 2000. A study of size-segregated aerosol chemistry in the Antarctic atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res 105:3893–3904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timonen KL, Hoek G, Heinrich J, Bernard A, Brunekreef B, de Hartog J, Hämeri K, Ibald-Mulli A, Mirme A, Peters A, Tiittanen P, Kreyling WG, Pekkanen J. 2004. Daily variation in fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution and urinary concentrations of lung Clara cell protein CC16. Occup. Environ. Med 61:908–914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 2004. Air quality criteria for particulate matter. Publication EPA/600/P-99/002aF. Research Triangle Park, NC: US EPA Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment–RTP Office.
   Google Scholar
• Walters DM, Breysse PN, Wills-Karp M. 2001. Ambient urban Baltimore particulate-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in mice. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med 164:1438–1443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). %Ee International Program of Chemical Safety (ICPS). 1998. Selected non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environmental Health Criteria 202. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). 2003. Review of health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Report EUR/03/5042688 of working group, Bonn, Germany, 13–15 January 2003. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). 2005. WHO air quality guidelines global update 2005. Report WHOLIS E87950 of Working Group Meeting, Bonn, Germany, 18–20 October 2005. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2005. Available at: http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E87950.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Zeka A, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. 2006. Short term effects of particulate matter on cause spesific mortality: Effects of lags and modification by city characteristics. Occup. Environ. Med 62:718–725.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar