A stochastic model of carbon nanotube deposition in the airways and alveoli of the human respiratory tract

References

• Allen MD, Raabe OG. (1982). Re-evaluation of Millikan oil drop data for the motion of small particles in air. J Aerosol Sci 13:537–47
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen MD, Raabe OG. (1985). Slip correction measurements of spherical solid aerosol-particles in an improved Millikan apparatus. Aerosol Sci Technol 4:269–86
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asgharian B, Anjilvel S. (1995). The effect of fiber inertia on its orientation in a shear flow with application to lung dosimetry. Aerosol Sci Technol 23:282–90
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron PA, Willeke K. (2001). Gas particle motion. In: Baron PA, Willeke K (eds.) Aerosol measurement: principles, techniques, and applications. New York: John Wiley, 61–97
   Google Scholar
• Cheng YS, Su YF, Yeh HC. (1993). Deposition of thoron progeny in human head airways. Aerosol Sci Technol 18:359–75
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahneke B. (1973a). Slip correction factors for nonspherical bodies – I. Introduction and continuum flow. J Aerosol Sci 4:139–45
   Google Scholar
• Dahneke B. (1973b). Slip correction factors for nonspherical bodies – II. Free molecular flow. J Aerosol Sci 4:147–61
   Google Scholar
• DeCarlo PF, Slowik JG, Worsnop DR, et al. (2004). Particle morphology and density characterization by combined mobility and aerodynamic diameter measurements. Aerosol Sci Technol 38:1185–205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson K, Aitken R, Tran L, et al. (2006). Carbon nanotubes: a review of their properties in relation to pulmonary toxicology and workplace safety. Toxicol Sci 92:5–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffin R, Clouter A, Brown D, et al. (2002). The importance of surface area and specific reactivity in the acute pulmonary inflammatory response to particles. Ann Occup Hyg 46:242–5
   Google Scholar
• Fuchs NA. (1964). The mechanics of aerosols. New York: Pergamon Press
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein H. (1980). Classical mechanics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
   Google Scholar
• Hinds WC. (1999). Aerosol technology: properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles. New York: John Wiley
   Google Scholar
• Högberg SM. (2010). Modeling nanofiber transport and deposition in human airways. PhD. dissertation. Luleå: Luleå University of Technology
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann W, Sturm R. (2004). Stochastic model of particle clearance in human bronchial airways. J Aerosol Med 17:73–89
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). (1994). Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. Publication No. 66. Oxford: Pergamon Press
   Google Scholar
• Jimenez JL, Bahreini JR, Cocker DR, et al. (2003). New particle formation from photooxidation of diiodomethane (CH2I2). J Geophys Res Atmos 108:4318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasper G. (1982). Dynamics and measurement of smokes. I. Size characterization of nonspherical particles. Aerosol Sci Technol 1:187–99
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koblinger L, Hofmann W. (1990). Monte Carlo modeling of aerosol deposition in human lungs. Part I: simulation of particle transport in a stochastic lung structure. J Aerosol Sci 21:661–74
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koblinger L, Hofmann W. (1985). Analysis of human lung morphometric data for stochastic aerosol deposition calculations. Phys Med Biol 30:541–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippmann M. (1988). Asbestos exposure indices. Environ Res 46:86–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippmann M. (1990). Effects of fiber characteristics on lung deposition, retention, and disease. Environ Health Perspect 88:311–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maynard AD. (2006). Safe handling of nanotechnology. Nature 444:267–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maynard AD. (2007). Nanotechnology: the next big thing, or much ado about nothing? Ann Occup Hyg 51:1–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurry PH. (2000). A review of atmospheric aerosol measurements. Atmos Environ 34:1959–99
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poland CA, Duffin R, Kinloch I, et al. (2008). Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study. Nat Nanotechnol 3:423–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raabe OG, Yeh HC, Schum GM, Phalen RF. (1976). Tracheobronchial geometry: human, dog, rat, hamster – a compilation of selected data from the project respiratory tract deposition models. Rep. LF-53. Albuquerque, NM: Lovelace Foundation
   Google Scholar
• Rapaport DC. (1997). The art of molecular dynamics simulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Stöber W. (1972). Dynamic shape factors of nonspherical aerosol particles. In: Mercer TT (ed.) Assessment of airborne particles. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas Publisher, 249–89
   Google Scholar
• Sturm R. (2010a). Deposition and cellular interaction of cancer-inducing particles in the human respiratory tract: theoretical approaches and experimental data. TCA 4:141–52
   Google Scholar
• Sturm R. (2010b). Theoretical approach to the hit probability of lung-cancer-sensitive epithelial cells by mineral fibers with various aspect ratios. TCA 1:116–25
   Google Scholar
• Sturm R. (2010c). Theoretical models for dynamic shape factors and lung deposition of small particle aggregates originating from combustion processes. Z Med Phys 20:226–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturm R. (2011). A computer model for the simulation of fiber-cell interaction in the alveolar region of the respiratory tract. Comput Biol Med 41:565–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturm R. (2012). Theoretical models of carcinogenic particle deposition and clearance in children’s lungs. lungs. J Thorac Dis 4:368–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturm R. (2015). Nanotubes in the human respiratory tract – deposition modeling. Z Med Phys 25:135–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturm R, Hofmann W. (2003). Mechanistic interpretation of the slow bronchial clearance phase. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 105:101–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturm R, Hofmann W. (2006). A computer program for the simulation of fiber deposition in the human respiratory tract. Comput Biol Med 36:1252–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturm R, Hofmann W. (2009). A theoretical approach to the deposition and clearance of fibers with variable size in the human respiratory tract. J Hazard Mater 170:210–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su WC, Cheng YS. (2006). Deposition of fiber in a human airway replica. J Aerosol Sci 37:1429–41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warheit DB, Laurence BR, Reed KL, et al. (2004). Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall carbon nanotubes in rats. Toxicol Sci 77:117–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weibel ER. (1963). Morphometry of the human lung. Berlin: Springer
   Google Scholar
• Willeke K, Baron PA. (1993). Aerosol measurement. New York: John Wiley
   Google Scholar
• Yeh HC, Schum GM. (1980). Models of human lung airways and their application to inhaled particle deposition. Bull Math Biol 42:461–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Asgharian B, Anjilvel S. (1996). Inertial and interceptional deposition of fibers in a bifurcating airway. J Aerosol Med 9:419–30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar