Empowering Indigenous Peoples and Valuing Their Knowledge

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Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1 D. Pearce and J. Warford, World Without End (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).

2 “Review of Further Developments in Fields with Which the Sub-Commission Has Been Concerned: Human Rights and the Environment,” Final report prepared by Mrs. Fatma Zohra Ksentini, Special Rapporteur, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/9, July 6, 1994.

3 K. Bosselmann, R. Engel, and P. Taylor, Governance for Sustainability: Issues, Challenges and Successes (Gland: IUCN, 2008); K. Brown, “Human Development and Environmental Governance,” in W. N. Adger and A. Jordan, eds., Governing Sustainability (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 41–42.

4 1997 I.C.J. 97, 98 (September 1997) (separate opinion of Judge Weeramantry).

5 Particularly in the works of Nicholas Robinson, Ben Boer, Benjamin Richardson, and John Dernbach. See J. C. Dernbach, “Creating the Law of Environmentally Sustainable Economic Dev­elopment,” Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 28 (2011): 614, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pelr/vol28/iss3/1.

6 R. Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” Science 163 (1968): 1243–48.

7 J. P. Evans, Environmental Governance (New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis, 2012), 45; see also S. Dovers and R. Connor, “Institutions and Policy Change for Sustainability,” in B. Richardson and S. Wood, eds., Environmental Law for Sustainability: A Reader (Portland, OR: Hart Publishing, 2006)

8 Evans, note 7, at 34.

9 E. Ostrom, Governing the Commons: The Evolutions of Institutions for Collective Action, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990); E. Ostrom, “A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems,” Science 325, no. 5939 (2009): 419; F. Van Laerhoven and E. Ostrom, “Traditions and Trends in the Study of the Commons,” International Journal of the Commons 1, no. 1 (2007): 3.

10 A. Agrawal, “Common Resources and Institutional Sustainability,” in E. Ostrom et al., eds., The Drama of the Commons (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2002); A. Agrawal, “Sustainable Governance of Common Pool Resources: Context, Methods and Politics,” Annual Review of Anthropology (2003): 243–62.

11 Ibid., note 36, at p. 59.

12 D. Craig and E. Gachenga, “The Recognition of Indigenous Customary Law in Water Resource Management,” Water Law 20 (2010): 1–7; E. J. Techera, “Law, Custom and Conservation: The Role of Customary Law in Community-Based Marine Management,” PhD thesis, Macquarie University, 2009; E. L. Kwa, “Traditionalizing Sustainable Development: The Law, Policy and Practice in Papua New Guinea,” PhD thesis, University of Auckland, 2006; New Zealand Law Commission, “Converging Currents. Custom and Human Rights in the Pacific,” Study Paper 17, 2006; P. Ørebech et al., eds., The Role of Customary Law in Sustainable Development (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005; Australian Law Reform Commission, The Recognition of Aboriginal Customary Laws, ALRC 31 (1986).

13 S. Merry, “Anthropology, Law and Transnational Processes,” Annual Review of Anthropology (1992): 357–79. See also A. Griffiths, “Legal Pluralism,” in R. Banakar and M. Travers, eds., An Introduction to Law and Social Theory (Portland, OR: Hart Publishing, 2002); F. von Benda-Beckmann, “Who’s Afraid of Legal Pluralism?,” Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 47 (2002): 37.

14 F. Berkes, J. Colding, and C. Folke, “Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Adaptive Management,” Ecological Applications 10, no. 5 (2000): 1251; F. Berkes and M. T. Farvar, “Int­roduction and Overview,” in F. Berkes, ed., Common Property Resources: Ecology and Community-Based Sustainable Development (New York: Belhaven Press, 1989), 1.

15 J. P. Evans, Environmental Governance (New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis, 2012), 38.

16 Ibid., 38.

17 Ibid., 1.

18 J. A. Preston “Bloody but unbowed: how international and national legal norms and frameworks can improve recognition and inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge in Australian environmental decision-making.”, Doctoral Thesis, School of Law, Western Sydney University, Australia, 2019. https://researchdirect.westernsydney.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:56825/datastream/PDF/view, p. 8.

19 6 ILM 6 (1967): 386 (1967).

20 6 ILM 360 (1967).

21 J. Anaya, “Indian Givers: What Indigenous Peoples Have Contributed to International Human Rights Law,” Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 22 (2006): 107.

22 U.N Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Adopted by GA Res. 61/295 (September 13, 2007).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Donna Craig

Donna Craig is an honorary professor, Te Piringa Faculty of Law, University of Waikato, New Zealand.