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Original Articles

Accumulation du plomb par les lichens

Pages 99-109 | Published online: 10 Jul 2014
 

Résumé

Les lichens accumulent de fortes quantités de plomb, et notamment le plomb provenant des émanations des véhicules à moteur. Le dosage du plomb accumulé dans les thalles d'espèces communes, de large répartition géographique et à forte affinité pour ce métal (Lecanora conizaeoides, Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes) permet d'estimer l'impact de la circulation automobile et d'établir des cartes de la pollution plombique.

Le phénomène d'exsorption, observé naturellement en zone contaminée ou à la faveur de retransplantations, est à rapprocher de celui obtenu au cours des expériences de lessivage acide des thalles. Dans le cas des lichens retransplantés, l'exsorption peut s'expliquer par une augmentation de l'acidité des pluies.

Summary

Lichens accumulate high concentrations of lead and particularly atmospheric lead from automobile pollution. In some species as Lecanora conizaeoides, Evernia prunastri and Hypogymnia physodes, an equilibrum with the atmospheric lead is reached very rapidly. So, the level of lead pollution can be estimated by determination of lead accumulated in lichen samples near motorways. In absence of continuous recording, monitoring of lead is also possible with lichens. The phenomenon of lead export is observed for the first time in field material, probably in relation with rain acidity.

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