https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0124-5814
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ABSTRACT
This study explores the use of hemp, pineapple, and palm in green composites that are ecological substitutes for synthetic fibers in ballistics and architecture. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies are taken into consideration to select the optimal choice for the configuration or constituent under deliberation. Integrated MCDM approaches like the Attribute Hierarchy Model (AHM) and TOPSIS are used to rank developed composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the thermal stability of palm, pineapple, and hemp fibers, with steadiness temperatures of 276°C, 241°C, and 166°C, respectively. The investigation spans various fiber contents, evaluating thermal, mechanical, and water absorption properties. Hybrid epoxy composites with pineapple and palm fibers exhibit exceptional performance, showcasing heightened tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness. In contrast, the hybrid composite with hemp and pineapple had better water absorption (18%) and specific heat capacity (5.6%) compared to the pineapple-only composite. An in-depth AHM-TOPSIS unveiled that the hybrid epoxy composites (FC7; 0.8524) with palm, hemp, and pineapple exhibit the highest quality, and composite incorporating pineapple fiber (FC2; 0.1393) ranks lowest. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) scrutinizes fiber morphology and interfacial boundaries in composite subjected to stress rupture.
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Nomenclature
| AHM | = | Analytical hierarchy model |
| AHN | = | Average hardness number |
| DV | = | Density value |
| FC1 | = | Epoxy-hemp fiber composite |
| FC2 | = | Epoxy-pineapple fiber composite |
| FC3 | = | Epoxy-palm fiber composite |
| FC4 | = | Epoxy-hemp-pineapple fiber composite |
| FC5 | = | Epoxy-pineapple-palm fiber composite |
| FC6 | = | Epoxy- hemp-palm fiber composite |
| FC7 | = | Epoxy- hemp-palm-pineapple composite |
| MCDM | = | Multi criteria decision making |
| MOORA | = | Multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis |
| PS | = | Performance score |
| SEM | = | Scanning electron microscopy |
| SHC | = | Specific heat capacity |
| TOPSIS | = | Technique for order preference by the resemblance to an ideal solution |
| TS | = | Tensile strength |
| TV | = | Toughness value |
| TGA | = | Thermo gravimetric analysis |
| WA | = | Water absorption |
| Wf | = | Sample wet weight after a period of immersion in water |
| Wi | = | Mass of the dry sample |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).