A Survey on Security and Privacy Challenges in State-of-the-Art Microfluidic Biochips

Abstract

Microfluidic-based biochip is a prominent class of lab-on-a-chip systems for the healthcare, biomedical, and biochemical industries, and was recently used for the detection of the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper is a survey of current attack models in different proactive and reactive remedial actions. Finally, this paper also aims at future directions for researchers to work towards enhancing security and privacy challenges in state-of-the-art microfluidic biochips.

KEYWORDS:

• Microfluidic biochip
• Privacy, hardware trojan
• IP theft
• Security
• Man-in-the-middle

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work has been supported by the SERB, Govt. of India under grant SUR/2022/004482.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by SERB, Govt. of India: [Grant Number SUR/2022/004482].

Notes on contributors

Debasis Gountia

Debasis Gountia received a MTech degree in computer science and engineering (CSE) from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, India. He received a BTech degree in CSE from UCE Burla, India. He received a PhD in CSE from the IIT Roorkee, India. He has more than 20 years of teaching and research experience in various organizations. His research interests include cryptography, electronic design automation of microfluidic lab-on-a-chips, and artificial intelligence. He has authored 16 internationally referred papers, 17 conference proceedings, 3 books, 5 book chapters for CRC Press, IEEE/ACM Transaction, and filed three patents in the aforementioned areas. He has been carrying out many international projects including two AI for Earth Azure Compute Grant of Microsoft Pvt Ltd, USA as a team leader, and one SERB, Govt. of India as a principal investigator, and submitted a project on COVID-19 control using an A-Powered Mass Corona Surveillance System for Microsoft AI for Health COVID-19 Grant, Geospatial Project of ISRO, ICIT, DETECT-X for Innovate4Health design sprint, DST, OURIIP, etc. He has been a reviewer of various journals and conferences including IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB), IEEE Access, Integration the VLSI Journal, ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC), International Journal of Vehicle Information and Communication Systems (IJVICS), The Computer Journal, Springer Nature Journal on Computer Science (SNCS), EAI Endorsed Community Transactions, International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems, and IEEE conferences: ICIT, WIECON-ECE, FSDM, COCOLE, ICRTIB, ICADCML, etc. He has organized/attended more than 110 conferences/seminars/workshops/talks, etc. He received many awards/recognitions/ achievements such as the Global Faculty Award 2022, Bharat Education Excellence Award, Emerging Scientist Award, Innovative Global Scientific Research Educationalist-Professionals Awards and Honors, Emerging Academician of the Year 2022, the Best Faculty Award, the Best Researcher Award, Outstanding Teacher Award, Perficio Award-2020, Innovative Research and Dedicated Academician, Adarsh Vidya Saraswati Rashtriya Puraskar, etc. He is a member of ACM, IEEE, SMIE, FSIESRP, and IFERP.

Rakesh Ranjan Behera

Rakesh Ranjan Behera received a BSc (Hons) degree from Utkal University, Odisha and a master's in computer application degree from the College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, under the Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India, in 2008 and 2011, respectively. He has 11 years of industrial experience in digital technology with banking and finance as core domains. Presently, he is working with Odisha University of Technology and Research as a research fellow. He holds several international patents and his research interests include AI, microfluidic biochips, machine learning, IoT, blockchain, digital wallet, and DevOps. Mr Behera has published 5 technical articles and authored and co-authored at many conferences. He has executed international projects including two AI for Earth Azure Compute Grant of Microsoft Pvt Ltd, USA as a co-team Leader. E-mail: [email protected]

Sushreeta Tripathy

Sushreeta Tripathy received the PhD degree in computer science and engineering from S’O’A Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India. She is currently working as an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Applications, Faculty of Engineering & Technology Siksha “O” Anusandhan Deemed to be University. She has more than 16 years of teaching experience in the field of computer science and engineering. Dr Tripathy's principal research interests are machine learning, image processing, IoT, big data health analytics, and medical image analysis. Her aspiration is to work at the interface of these different fields or multidisciplinary environments. She is a member of IEEE, IET and IAENG. She has organized many conferences and workshops successfully. E-mail: [email protected]

Ranjita Champati

Ranjita Champati received the BTech degree in computer science and engineering from BPUT, Rourkela. She has over 10 years of teaching and research experience in various organizations. Her area of interest lies in database programming, artificial intelligence, blockchain, microfluidic biochips, and security. She has a number of articles in reputed journals, conference proceedings, and patents in the aforementioned areas. She has organized/attended more than 50 conferences/seminars/ workshops/talks, etc. She received many awards/recognitions/ achievements in her career. She has performed many administrative activities in different R&D industries. E-mail: [email protected]

Swarna Lata Pati

Swarnalata Pati received her MCA degree from NIT, Rourkela and an MTech degree from NIT Rourkela. She has over 29 years of teaching and research experience in various organizations. Her area of interest lies in database programming, artificial intelligence, blockchain, microfluidic biochips, and security. She has a number of articles in reputed journals, conference proceedings, and patents in the aforementioned areas. She has organized/attended more than 100 conferences/seminars/ workshops/talks, etc. She received many awards/recognitions/ achievements in her career. She has performed many administrative activities including the head of the Department for Computer Science and Engineering and PIC of the Library for the Odisha University of Technology and Research, India. Email: [email protected]