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International Interactions
Empirical and Theoretical Research in International Relations
Volume 50, 2024 - Issue 1
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Significant Incidents against Americans Abroad: Introducing a New Dataset

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, &
Pages 188-207 | Received 04 Jun 2022, Accepted 15 Nov 2023, Published online: 27 Nov 2023
 

Abstract

This study introduces the Significant Incidents Against Americans Abroad (SIAAA) Dataset, the foremost systematic data compilation capturing antagonistic actions directed toward American nationals, entities, and interests across the globe from 1987 to 2015. Primarily derived from the US Department of State Bureau of Diplomatic Security reports, the SIAAA assembles 5,272 events targeting American citizens and interests, encompassing both violent and non-violent actions across military, diplomatic, business, and civilian dimensions. In this article, we examine the general trend of incidents and introduce key variables including target typology, geographic dispersion, type of the incident, and perpetrator ideology. As an illustrative example of its potential research application, we focus on NATO's aerial bombing of Yugoslavia, highlighting how the SIAAA can be employed effectively. We conclude with propositions for future research, underscoring the dataset’s potential for both academic and policy analysis.

Este trabajo presenta el conjunto de datos con relación a incidentes significativos contra estadounidenses en el extranjero (SIAAA, por sus siglas en inglés), el cual es la compilación sistemática de datos más importante que recoge acciones de carácter antagónico dirigidas a ciudadanos, entidades e intereses estadounidenses en todo el mundo desde 1987 hasta 2015. Los datos recogidos en el SIAAA provienen, principalmente, de los informes de la Oficina de Seguridad Diplomática del Departamento de Estado de EE. UU. El SIAAA reúne 5272 eventos dirigidos a ciudadanos e intereses estadounidenses, que abarcan acciones, tanto violentas como no violentas, en dimensiones militares, diplomáticas, comerciales y civiles. En este artículo, examinamos la tendencia general de estos incidentes e introducimos variables clave como la tipología del objetivo, la dispersión geográfica, el tipo de incidente y la ideología del perpetrador. A modo de ejemplo ilustrativo de la aplicación potencial del SIAAA para la investigación, nos centramos en el bombardeo aéreo que llevó a cabo la OTAN sobre Yugoslavia, destacando cómo se puede emplear el SIAAA de manera efectiva. Concluimos este artículo realizando propuestas para futuras investigaciones y subrayando el potencial de este conjunto de datos tanto para el análisis académico como para el análisis de las políticas.

Cette étude présente l’ensemble de données Significant Incidents Against Americans Abroad (SIAAA, ou Incidents importants subis par des Américains à l’étranger), une compilation de données systématique de premier plan qui représente les actions antagonistes à l’encontre de ressortissants, entités et intérêts américains dans le monde entre 1987 et 2015. Principalement dérivé des rapports du Service de sécurité diplomatique du département d’État des États-Unis, le SIAAA regroupe 5 272 événements ciblant des citoyens et intérêts américains : des actes violents et pacifiques dans les domaines militaire, diplomatique, commercial et civil. Dans cet article, nous examinons la tendance générale des incidents et présentons des variables clés, dont la typologie de la cible, la dispersion géographique, le type d’incident et l’idéologie de l’auteur. À titre d’exemple d’illustration de son application potentielle en recherche, nous nous focalisons sur les bombardements aériens de l’OTAN en Yougoslavie pour montrer un emploi efficace du SIAAA. Nous concluons sur des propositions de futurs travaux de recherche qui soulignent le potentiel de l’ensemble de données pour l’analyse académique et politique.

Acknowledgment

We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to the research assistants, Amanda Queiroz, Yulia Avvakumova, and Aliha Haidar, for their invaluable contributions to this project.

Data Availability

The authors declare there is no Data Availability at this study.

Notes

1 In this article, we do not use the term anti-Americanism as a value-laden concept. Rather, we use it as an objective term that simply refers to negative sentiments toward the United States and/or its policies, institutions, and values.

2 Based on the State Department's records (U.S. Department of State Citation1988-2015), 205 demonstrations occurred at US diplomatic missions in Canada between March 24, 1999, and June 20, 1999. Due to the lack of clarity regarding the specific dates of these incidents, we opted not to include them in our analysis. Incorporating them would have strengthened our results, especially since the bulk of these demonstrations took place within the post-bombing timeframe of our study, with the exception of those from June 14 to June 20.

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