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ABSTRACT
A Search was conducted in international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from 10 January 2005 to 15 January 2023. The risk quotient (RQ) of Estrone (E1), 17β–E2 (E2), and Estriol (E3) on the surface water resources of China was calculated by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique. The rank order of steroid hormones based on pooled (weighted average) concentration in surface water was E3 (2.15 ng/l) > E2 (2.01 ng/l) > E1 (1.385 ng/l). The concentration of E1 in Dianchi lake (236.50.00 ng/l), 17β-E2 in Licun river (78.50 ng/l), and E3 in Dianchi lake (103.1 ng/l) were higher than in other surface water resources in China. RQ related to E1, 17β-E2 and E3 in 68.00%, 88.89% and 3.92% of surface water resources were high ecological risk, respectively. Therefore, carrying out source control plans for steroid hormones in surface water sources should be conducted continuously.
Acknowledgements
This study was not supported.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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Author’s contribution
Zoha Heidarinejad; screening of papers and data extraction; Vahid Ranaei: Supervision, Investigation, Resources, Conceptualization, Risk Assessment, Methodology, Writing original draft; Fereshteh Mehri, Hasti Daraei and Van Nam Thai: Literature Searching, Writing & Editing; Xiaomei Hui, Van Nam Thai and Yadolah Fakhri.
Notes
1. Limit of detection.
2. Not mentioned.
3. Effect Size.
4. Heterogeneity chi-squared.
5. Degree of freedom.